Abstract:
:Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) OMIM#213700 is a rare autosomal-recessive lipid storage disease caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene; this gene codes for the mitochondrial enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase, which is involved in bile acid synthesis. The CYP27A1 gene is located on chromosome 2q33-qter and contains nine exons. A CYP27A1 mutation leads to decreased synthesis of bile acid, excess production of cholestanol, and consequent accumulation of cholestanol in tissues. Currently there is no consensus on the prevalence of CTX, one estimate being <5/100,000 worldwide. The prevalence of CTX due to the CYP27A1 mutation R362C alone is approximately 1/50,000 in Caucasians. Patients with CTX have an average age of 35 years at the time of diagnosis and a diagnostic delay of 16 years. Clinical signs and symptoms include adult-onset progressive neurological dysfunction (i.e., ataxia, dystonia, dementia, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders,peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy) and premature non-neurologic manifestations (i.e., tendon xanthomas, childhood-onset cataracts, infantile-onset diarrhea, premature atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and respiratory insufficiency). Juvenile cataracts, progressive neurologic dysfunction, and mild pulmonary insufficiency are unique symptoms that distinguish CTX from other lipid storage disorders including familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and sitosterolemia, all of which might also present with xanthomas and cardiovascular diseases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows bilateral lesions in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and mild white matter lesions. The classical symptoms and signs, namely elevated levels of cholestanol and bile alcohols in serum and urine, brain MRI, and the mutation in the CYP27A1 gene confirm the diagnosis of CTX. Early diagnosis and long-term treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid (750 mg/d) improve neurological symptoms and contribute to a better prognosis.
journal_name
Orphanet J Rare Disjournal_title
Orphanet journal of rare diseasesauthors
Nie S,Chen G,Cao X,Zhang Ydoi
10.1186/s13023-014-0179-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-26 00:00:00pages
179issn
1750-1172pii
s13023-014-0179-4journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital tuberculosis is rare and carries a high mortality rate. Our objective was to summarize the current experience of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with congenital tuberculosis. METHODS:In total, 73 reported cases of congenital tuberculosis published in Chinese and 19 patients with congenita...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1101-x
更新日期:2019-06-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare hereditary condition that leads to decreased circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels, significantly increasing the risk of serious lung and/or liver disease in children and adults, in which some aspects remain unresolved. METHODS:In this review, we summar...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0856-9
更新日期:2018-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Anorectal malformations comprise a wide spectrum of diseases, which can affect boys and girls, and involve the distal anus and rectum as well as the urinary and genital tracts. They occur in approximately 1 in 5000 live births. Defects range from the very minor and easily treated with an excellent functional prognosis...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-33
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Many of the genetic childhood disorders leading to death in the pre- or neonatal period or during early childhood follow autosomal recessive modes of inheritance and bear specific challenges for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostics. Parents are carriers but clinically unaffected, and diseases are rare...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0763-0
更新日期:2018-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Registration of trigger factors, prodromal symptoms, swelling localization, therapeutic behavior and gender-specific differences of the largest cohort of patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1-Inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) in Switzerland. METHODS:Questionnaire survey within a cohort study: Consen...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0423-1
更新日期:2016-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Since its enactment in 2000, the European Orphan Medicinal Products Regulation has allowed the review and approval of approaching 70 treatments for some 55 different conditions in Europe. Success does not come without a price, however. Many of these so-called "orphan drugs" have higher price points than treatments for...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-7-74
更新日期:2012-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pendred syndrome (PDS, MIM #274600) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and goiter. In this study, we describing the possible PDS causal mutations in a Malaysian family with 2 daughters diagnosed with bilateral hearing loss and hypothyroidism. METHODS AN...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0575-7
更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of our study is to study the association between eye lesions in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) and other signs of the disease, as well as to characterize its genetics. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted of a cohort of 206 patients studied in the HHT Unit of Hospital de Sierra...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01433-5
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Major haemoglobinopathies (MH), such as thalassaemia syndromes (Thal) and sickle cell disorders (SCD), are genetic defects associated with chronic anaemia and other complications. In Europe, MH are rare diseases (RD) but their prevalence is significantly growing in many countries due to mobility and migratio...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-9-97
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paediatric chordomas are rare malignant tumours arising from primitive notochordal remnants with a high rate of recurrence. Only 5 % of them occur in the first two decades such less than 300 paediatric cases have been reported so far in the literature. In children, the average age at diagnosis is 10 years with a male-...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0340-8
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple telangiectases and caused by germline disease-causing variants in the ENG (HHT1), ACVRL1 (HHT2) and, to a lesser extent MADH4 and GDF2, which encode proteins involved in the TGF-β/BMP9 signaling pathway. C...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01533-2
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurological disorders involving both central and peripheral nervous system, and in some case other systems and organs, and characterized by degeneration or abnormal development of cerebellum and spinal cord, autosomal recessive inheritanc...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-47
更新日期:2006-11-17 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE: Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic disorder characterized by mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular and central nervous system manifestations. EPIDEMIOLOGY:BD seems to cluster along the ancient Silk Road, which extends from eastern Asia to the Mediterranean basin....
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-7-20
更新日期:2012-04-12 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare genodermatosis with severe blistering. No curative treatment is available. Scientific data indicated that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea extract, might improve the phenotype of RDEB patients. In a multicentre, randomized, crossover, ...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 信件,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0411-5
更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) manifests in males mainly by skeletal muscle impairment, but also by cardiac dysfunction. The assessment of the early phases of cardiac involvement using echocardiography is often very difficult to perform in these patients. The aim of the study was to use cardiac magnetic r...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01704-9
更新日期:2021-01-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an inherited condition with variable phenotypic expression and a high medical and social burden. The objectives of this patient survey were to better understand the real-world experiences of patients living with cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF), to perceive their satisfaction and fee...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1265-4
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While skin carcinomas are reported in chronic ulcers and in patients treated with hydroxyurea (HU) for myeloproliferative neoplasms, no skin carcinoma has been reported in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), presenting chronic skin ulcers or treated with HU. The objective was to estimate the risk of cut...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-020-1341-9
更新日期:2020-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Syndromic diarrhea (SD), also known as phenotypic diarrhea (PD) or tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE), is a congenital enteropathy presenting with early-onset of severe diarrhea requiring parenteral nutrition (PN). To date, no epidemiological data are available. The estimated prevalence is approximately 1/300,000-40...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-6
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Segmental progeroid syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare and often severe genetic disorders that have been studied since the twentieth century. These progeroid syndromes are defined as segmental because only some of the features observed during natural aging are accelerated. METHODS:Since 2015, the M...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1189-z
更新日期:2019-12-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-6-76
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-82
更新日期:2013-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder, which is usually caused by de novo mutations in the MECP2 gene. More than 70% of the disease causing MECP2 mutations are eight recurrent C to T transitions, which almost exclusively arise on the paternally derived X chromosome. About 10...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-6-58
更新日期:2011-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Patent arterial duct (PAD) is a congenital heart abnormality defined as persistent patency in term infants older than three months. Isolated PAD is found in around 1 in 2000 full term infants. A higher prevalence is found in preterm infants, especially those with low birth weight. The female to male ratio is 2:1. Most...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-4-17
更新日期:2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Taiwan, DNA-based newborn screening showed a surprisingly high incidence of a cardiac Fabry mutation (IVS4 + 919G > A). The prevalence of this mutation is too high to be believed that it is a real pathogenic mutation. The purpose of this study is to identify the cardiac pathologic characteristics in patie...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1750-1172-9-96
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::IgA pemphigus is an exceedingly rare autoimmune blistering disorder, caused by IgA autoantibodies against desmosomal proteins. No treatment option has been found to be universally effective. The disease is often recalcitrant to oral steroids and immunosuppressants. Here, we describe the use of systemic retinoids for t...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0899-y
更新日期:2018-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma, is genetically characterised by NUT midline carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) gene rearrangement. NMC can arise from the lungs; however, there is no standard for the management of primary pulmonary NMC. This study aimed to confirm the clinic...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01449-x
更新日期:2020-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of rare diseases poses a particular challenge to clinicians. This study analyzes whether patients' pain drawings (PDs) help in the differentiation of two pain-associated rare diseases, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). METHOD:The study was designed as a prospectiv...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01542-1
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), due to mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene, is divided into infantile neurovisceral ASMD (Niemann-Pick type A), chronic neurovisceral ASMD (intermediate form, Niemann-Pick type A/B) and chronic visceral ASMD (Niemann-Pick type B). We conduc...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1029-1
更新日期:2019-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare intestinal motility disorder with significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. The diagnosis of CIPO is difficult, because it is clinically based on the symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction which are similar to the clinical manifestations of other...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0615-3
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) requires cochlear implantation (CI) for auditory rehabilitation. Etiologic diagnoses can contribute to candidacy selection and decision-making regarding the timing of successful CI. However, few studies have been performed to address the etiologic spectrum...
journal_title:Orphanet journal of rare diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2014-11-06 00:00:00