Abstract：
:Sports-related concussions are one of the major causes of mild traumatic brain injury. Although most patients recover completely within days to weeks, those who experience repetitive brain trauma (RBT) may be at risk for developing a condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). While this condition is most commonly observed in athletes who experience repetitive concussive and/or subconcussive blows to the head, such as boxers, football players, or hockey players, CTE may also affect soldiers on active duty. Currently, the only means by which to diagnose CTE is by the presence of phosphorylated tau aggregations post-mortem. Non-invasive neuroimaging, however, may allow early diagnosis as well as improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of RBT. The purpose of this article is to review advanced neuroimaging methods used to investigate RBT, including diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, and positron emission tomography. While there is a considerable literature using these methods in brain injury in general, the focus of this review is on RBT and those subject populations currently known to be susceptible to RBT, namely athletes and soldiers. Further, while direct detection of CTE in vivo has not yet been achieved, all of the methods described in this review provide insight into RBT and will likely lead to a better characterization (diagnosis), in vivo, of CTE than measures of self-report.
journal_name
Alzheimers Res Therjournal_title
Alzheimer's research & therapyauthors
Ng TS,Lin AP,Koerte IK,Pasternak O,Liao H,Merugumala S,Bouix S,Shenton MEdoi
10.1186/alzrt239subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-24 00:00:00pages
10issue
1issn
1758-9193pii
alzrt239journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Dementia has been presenting an imminent public health challenge worldwide. Studies have shown a combination of cognitive and physical trainings may have synergistic value for improving cognitive functions. Daily functional tasks are innately cognitive demanding and involve components found in common exercis...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0548-2
更新日期：2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antidepressant use has been associated with an increased risk of falling, but no studies have been conducted on whether antidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of head injuries which often result from falling among older persons. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of head...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-017-0285-3
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified novel rare coding variants in immune genes associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Amongst these, a polymorphism in phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) P522R has been reported to be protective against LOAD. PLC enzymes are key elements ...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0469-0
更新日期：2019-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are essential to understanding the disease progression and to development of early biomarkers. Because AD has been described as a disconnection syndrome, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based connectomics provides a highly translational approach to characterizing th...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-018-0346-2
更新日期：2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Centiloid scale has been developed to standardize measurements of amyloid PET imaging. Reference cut-off values of this continuous measurement enable the consistent operationalization of decision-making for multicentre research studies and clinical trials. In this study, we aimed at deriving reference Ce...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0478-z
更新日期：2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Metabolic alterations, related to cerebral glucose metabolism, brain insulin resistance, and age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) on both the systemic and central nervous system level. To study the extent and significance of these alterations in AD, quanti...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0551-7
更新日期：2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Global leaders have set an ambitious goal of developing interventions to effectively treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease by 2025. CASE PRESENTATION:Achieving this goal will require clinical trials to test promising interventions, yet Alzheimer's researchers are confronting a clinical trial recruitment cris...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1186/s13195-018-0425-4
更新日期：2018-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In May 2012, the Fourth Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia brought together in Montreal experts from around Canada to update Canadian recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with neurodegenerative conditions associated with deterioration of cognition. Multiple...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/alzrt199
更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is mostly (>95%) not inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Such sporadic AD (sAD) forms do not exhibit familial aggregation and are characterized by complex genetic inheritance. Growing evidence indicates that multiple genes contribute to sAD-characteristic endophenotypes...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/alzrt165
更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Results from recent clinical studies suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that are indicative of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be replicated in blood, e.g. amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ42 and Aβ40) and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Such data proposes that blood is a rich source of potential biomar...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0545-5
更新日期：2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to attribute mental states, thoughts (cognitive component) or feelings (affective component) to others. This function has been studied in many neurodegenerative diseases; however, to our knowledge, no studies investigating ToM in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-016-0179-9
更新日期：2016-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Identifying and understanding the functional role of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) has been complicated by the variability of genetic influences across brain regions and confounding with age-related neurodegeneration. METHODS:A gene co-expression network was constructed using data obtained...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-020-00674-7
更新日期：2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The application of advanced sequencing technologies and improved mass-spectrometry platforms revealed significant changes in gene expression and lipids in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The results so far have prompted further research using "multi-omics" approaches. These approaches become particularly rel...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0558-0
更新日期：2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has an uncertain etiology and prognosis and may be challenging for clinicians to discuss with patients and families. Amyloid imaging may aid specialists in determining MCI etiology and prognosis, but creates novel challenges related to disease labeling. METHODS:We convened a ...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s13195-017-0261-y
更新日期：2017-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a multicenter randomized controlled trial that reported beneficial effects on cognition for a 2-year multimodal intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, vascular risk monitoring) versus control (gene...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0506-z
更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With upcoming therapeutic interventions for patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), instruments for the follow-up of patients are needed to describe disease progression and to evaluate potential therapeutic effects. So far, volumetric brain changes have been proposed as clinical endpoints in the lit...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-018-0345-3
更新日期：2018-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Obtaining reliable estimates of the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of people with predementia Alzheimer's disease [AD] (preclinical or prodromal AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is essential for economic evaluations of related health interventions. AIMS:To provide an overview of wh...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s13195-020-00723-1
更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) genotype is a prominent late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factor. ApoE4 disrupts memory function in rodents and may contribute to both plaque and tangle formation. METHODS:Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot detection were used to determine: 1) the effects of select...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-017-0280-8
更新日期：2017-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Disturbed amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing is considered to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The autosomal dominant form of the disease, familial AD (FAD), may serve as a model for the sporadic form of AD. In FAD the diagnosis of AD is reliable and presymptomatic individu...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-017-0234-1
更新日期：2017-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina is a fast and easily accessible tool for the quantification of retinal structural measurements. Multiple studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit thinning in several retinal layers compared to age-matched controls. Subjective cognitive ...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-020-00602-9
更新日期：2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:There has been a significant increase in the use of testosterone in aging men, but little investigation into its impact on men with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The findings of the few studies that have been done are inconsistent. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between total testostero...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-015-0107-4
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Targeting the expression of genes has emerged as a potentially viable therapeutic approach to human disease. In Alzheimer's disease, therapies that silence the expression of tau could be a viable strategy to slow disease progression. METHODS:We produced a novel strain of transgenic mice that could be used t...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-016-0202-1
更新日期：2016-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Peripheral biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been established. Given parallels between neuron and platelet biology, we hypothesized platelet membrane-associated protein changes may differentiate patients clinically defined with probable AD from noncognitive impaired controls. METHOD...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/alzrt186
更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The age gap between participants in trials and patients who could benefit from the drugs studied has been widely documented across different clinical areas. Patients with dementia included in clinical research are systematically younger than those in the general population. We examined the age gap between pa...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s13195-016-0201-2
更新日期：2016-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Given the growing older population worldwide, and the associated increase in age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), investigating non-invasive methods to ameliorate or even prevent cognitive decline in prodromal AD is highly relevant. Previous studies suggest transcranial direct current stim...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-020-00692-5
更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Depression and psychosis are two of the most severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both NPS have negative effects on cognitive performance and life expectancy. The current study aimed to investigate and compare monoaminergic etiologies betwe...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-014-0090-1
更新日期：2015-02-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive composite scores are used as the primary outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention trials; however, the extent to which these composite measures correlate with AD pathology has not been fully investigated. Since many on-going AD prevention studies are testing therapies that target ei...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-018-0401-z
更新日期：2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Widespread implementation of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in routine clinical practice requires the establishment of standard operating procedures for pre-analytical handling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS:Here, CSF collection and storage protocols were optimized for measurements of β-amyloid (Aβ)....
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9
更新日期：2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease has provided significant understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The present review summarizes clinical, pathological, imaging, biochemical, and molecular studies of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the similarities and differences between...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/alzrt59
更新日期：2011-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Association between kidney dysfunction and dementia has been studied in western cohorts, but with inconsistent conclusions which may be due to the different measurements of kidney function. We aim to verify the hypothesis that lower levels of kidney function would be associated with increased risk of inciden...
journal_title：Alzheimer's research & therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13195-020-00729-9
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
