Confusion over live/dead stainings for the detection of vital microorganisms in oral biofilms--which stain is suitable?

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:There is confusion over the definition of the term "viability state(s)" of microorganisms. "Viability staining" or "vital staining techniques" are used to distinguish live from dead bacteria. These stainings, first established on planctonic bacteria, may have serious shortcomings when applied to multispecies biofilms. Results of staining techniques should be compared with appropriate microbiological data. DISCUSSION:Many terms describe "vitality states" of microorganisms, however, several of them are misleading. Authors define "viable" as "capable to grow". Accordingly, staining methods are substitutes, since no staining can prove viability.The reliability of a commercial "viability" staining assay (Molecular Probes) is discussed based on the corresponding product information sheet: (I) Staining principle; (II) Concentrations of bacteria; (III) Calculation of live/dead proportions in vitro. Results of the "viability" kit are dependent on the stains' concentration and on their relation to the number of bacteria in the test. Generally this staining system is not suitable for multispecies biofilms, thus incorrect statements have been published by users of this technique.To compare the results of the staining with bacterial parameters appropriate techniques should be selected. The assessment of Colony Forming Units is insufficient, rather the calculation of Plating Efficiency is necessary. Vital fluorescence staining with Fluorescein Diacetate and Ethidium Bromide seems to be the best proven and suitable method in biofilm research.Regarding the mutagenicity of staining components users should be aware that not only Ethidium Bromide might be harmful, but also a variety of other substances of which the toxicity and mutagenicity is not reported. SUMMARY:- The nomenclature regarding "viability" and "vitality" should be used carefully.- The manual of the commercial "viability" kit itself points out that the kit is not suitable for natural multispecies biofilm research, as supported by an array of literature.- Results obtained with various stains are influenced by the relationship between bacterial counts and the amount of stain used in the test. Corresponding vitality data are prone to artificial shifting.- As microbiological parameter the Plating Efficiency should be used for comparison.- Ethidium Bromide is mutagenic. Researchers should be aware that alternative staining compounds may also be or even are mutagenic.

journal_name

BMC Oral Health

journal_title

BMC oral health

authors

Netuschil L,Auschill TM,Sculean A,Arweiler NB

doi

10.1186/1472-6831-14-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-11 00:00:00

pages

2

issn

1472-6831

pii

1472-6831-14-2

journal_volume

14

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Parental beliefs and attitudes towards child caries prevention: assessing consistency and validity in a longitudinal design.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Exploring the stability of self-reports over time in observational studies may give valuable information for the planning of future interventions. The aims of the present study were: 1) to explore the consistency of parental self-reports of oral health habits, beliefs and attitudes towards child oral health ...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-8-1

    authors: Skaret E,Espelid I,Skeie MS,Haugejorden O

    更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00

  • Pretreatment oral hygiene habits and survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The survival time of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is related to health behavior, such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Poor oral health (OH), dental care (DC) and the frequent use of mouthwash have been shown to represent independent risk factors for head and neck ca...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0185-0

    authors: Friemel J,Foraita R,Günther K,Heibeck M,Günther F,Pflueger M,Pohlabeln H,Behrens T,Bullerdiek J,Nimzyk R,Ahrens W

    更新日期:2016-03-11 00:00:00

  • Occurrence and quantification of Anelloviruses and Herpesviruses in gingival tissue in Chinese Shanghai sub-population.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Herpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might also be involved. Anelloviruses are commonly detected in human, including in oral samples. The aim of the present stu...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01188-2

    authors: Yu T,Pan S,Zhang Y,Pei J,Liu J,Xie Y,Feng X

    更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00

  • Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: radiological perspectives.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth, and their extraction is the most commonly performed procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The aim of the present study is to describe the pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and to define the most appropriate age for prophylactic extraction of...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0519-1

    authors: Ryalat S,AlRyalat SA,Kassob Z,Hassona Y,Al-Shayyab MH,Sawair F

    更新日期:2018-04-04 00:00:00

  • Mixed dentition space analysis among Nepalese Brahmins/Chhetris.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Mixed dentition space analysis forms an important part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Regression equations are widely used for mixed dentition analysis which can vary among races. This study aimed to find out the new regression equation in estimating the size of unerupted canines and premol...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0265-1

    authors: Gyawali R,Shrestha BK,Yadav R

    更新日期:2016-08-02 00:00:00

  • Association between polymorphism of TGFA Taq I and cleft lip and/or palate: a meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is one of the most common malformations in humans. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) is a well characterized mammalian growth factor which might contribute to the development of CL/P. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between the TGFA Taq I polymorphisms ...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-88

    authors: Feng C,Zhang E,Duan W,Xu Z,Zhang Y,Lu L

    更新日期:2014-07-11 00:00:00

  • The MEOPAeDent trial protocol-an observational study of the Equimolar Mixture of Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide (EMONO) effects in paediatric dentistry.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Many studies were conducted to assess the benefit/risk ratio of EMONO (Equimolar Mixture of Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide) in France before it was authorized for use outside the hospital setting in 2009. The main objective of this project is to evaluate the effects sought and felt by children when EMONO is used i...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0732-6

    authors: Prud'homme T,Dajean-Trutaud S,Rousselet M,Feuillet F,Carpentier-Cheraud M,Bonnot O,Hyon I,Grall-Bronnec M,Lopez-Cazaux S,Victorri-Vigneau C

    更新日期:2019-03-07 00:00:00

  • Novel caries loci in children and adults implicated by genome-wide analysis of families.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Dental caries is a common chronic disease among children and adults alike, posing a substantial health burden. Caries is affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors, and prior studies have found that a substantial proportion of caries susceptibility is genetically inherited. METHODS:To identify s...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0559-6

    authors: Govil M,Mukhopadhyay N,Weeks DE,Feingold E,Shaffer JR,Levy SM,Vieira AR,Slayton RL,McNeil DW,Weyant RJ,Crout RJ,Marazita ML

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Influence of margin location and luting material on the amount of undetected cement excess on CAD/CAM implant abutments and cement-retained zirconia crowns: an in-vitro study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The flexibility in designing the submucosal part of CAD/CAM customized implant abutments and the individual positioning of its shoulder line has been suggested to reduce the risk of leaving undetected cement residues, thus preventing adverse effects on peri-implant tissues. A high correlation between excess ...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0809-2

    authors: Gehrke P,Bleuel K,Fischer C,Sader R

    更新日期:2019-06-14 00:00:00

  • Shear bond strength between alumina substrate and prosthodontic resin composites with various adhesive resin systems.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:With the increase in demand for cosmetics and esthetics, resin composite restorations and all-ceramic restorations have become an important treatment alternative. Taking into consideration the large number of prosthodontic and adhesive resins currently available, the strength and durability of these material...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0041-7

    authors: AlJehani YA,Baskaradoss JK,Geevarghese A,AlShehry MA,Vallittu PK

    更新日期:2015-05-02 00:00:00

  • Do public health nurses in Norway promote information on oral health?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:(i) to describe oral health counselling in Norway to parents with infants and toddlers, ii) to assess existing collaboration and routines in oral health matters between nurses and personnel in the PDS, iii) to evaluate to what extent oral health was integrated in the basic educational curriculum of public he...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-11-23

    authors: Skeie MS,Skaret E,Espelid I,Misvær N

    更新日期:2011-09-18 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of five CAD/CAM materials by microstructural characterization and mechanical tests: a comparative in vitro study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Polymer infiltrated ceramics and nano-ceramic resins are the new restorative materials which have been developed in order to enhance the adverse properties of glass-matrix ceramics and resin composites. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the characteristics of various CAD/CAM materials thr...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0458-2

    authors: Sonmez N,Gultekin P,Turp V,Akgungor G,Sen D,Mijiritsky E

    更新日期:2018-01-08 00:00:00

  • Determination of mandibular morphology in a TURKISH population with Down syndrome using panoramic radiography.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Down syndrome (DS) is by far the most common known chromosomal disorder. Some characteristic features of DS are generalised growth deficiency, craniofacial abnormalities such as mandibular prognathism and underdevelopment of the midfacial region, dental abnormalities such as taurodontism and hypodontia. Indi...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0722-8

    authors: Satir S

    更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00

  • Self-rated oral health status, oral health service utilization, and oral hygiene practices among adult Nigerians.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is scarce information available on oral health service utilization patterns and common oral hygiene practices among adult Nigerians. We conducted the 2010-2011 national oral health survey before the introduction of the national oral health policy to determine the prevalence of oral health service utili...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-140

    authors: Olusile AO,Adeniyi AA,Orebanjo O

    更新日期:2014-11-27 00:00:00

  • Caries experience and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in a low-resource setting.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Children with complex neurodevelopmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy (CP), have a higher risk of dental disease related at least in part to greater difficulties in performing and maintaining effective oral hygiene and oral care practices. However, to date, there are very few studies that have conside...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0704-2

    authors: Akhter R,Hassan NMM,Martin EF,Muhit M,Smithers-Sheedy H,Badawi N,Khandaker G

    更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00

  • Does erosion progress differently on teeth already presenting clinical signs of erosive tooth wear than on sound teeth? An in vitro pilot trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is clinically characterized by a loss of tooth surface, and different enamel depths may have different susceptibility to demineralization. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro pilot study was to assess if the progression of erosive demineralization is faster on teeth already presentin...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0231-y

    authors: Carvalho TS,Baumann T,Lussi A

    更新日期:2016-07-07 00:00:00

  • Relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of vicR and vicK Streptococcus mutans genes and early childhood caries in two-year-old children.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The VicRK two-component signalling system regulates virulence and cariogenicity in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphisms of the vicR and vicK genes, which are associated with dental caries in children with S. mutans. METHODS:In this study, 121 (...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0501-y

    authors: Zhuang PL,Yu LX,Liao JK,Zhou Y,Lin HC

    更新日期:2018-03-12 00:00:00

  • Protocol for diagnostic test accuracy study: the efficacy of screening for common dental diseases by dental care professionals.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The bulk of service delivery in dentistry is delivered by general dental practitioners, when a large proportion of patients who attend regularly are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. This represents a substantial and unnecessary cost, given that it is possible to delegate a range of tasks to dental ...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-13-45

    authors: Macey R,Walsh T,Glenny AM,Worthington H,Tickle M,Ashley J,Brocklehurst P

    更新日期:2013-09-21 00:00:00

  • Analysing the effectiveness of topical bleeding care following tooth extraction in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy-retrospective observational study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients using antiplatelet drugs following infarctions, acute coronary syndrome or stroke pose a significant clinical problem if it is necessary to perform surgery, including dental surgery, since they are at risk of prolonged or secondary post-extraction bleeding. Discontinuation of this therapy is associa...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01391-9

    authors: Lewandowski B,Myszka A,Migut M,Czenczek-Lewandowska E,Brodowski R

    更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00

  • Clinical evidence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on implant stability and success: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a type of light therapy that uses the concept of photobiomodulation, is developed to promote bone healing. Clinical studies have been conducted to assess the influence of PBMT on dental implant stability and success rate. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysi...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0779-4

    authors: Chen Y,Liu C,Chen X,Mo A

    更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00

  • Assessment of sodium thiosulfate neutralizing effect on micro-hardness of dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aims to evaluate the ability of sodium thiosulfate (STS) to neutralize the adverse effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on dentin micro-hardness. METHODS:Fifty single-rooted teeth were longitudinally sectioned. The samples divided into a control and four sample groups (n = 20). All the samples w...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01320-2

    authors: Sahebi S,Sobhnamayan F,Moazami F,Naseri M

    更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00

  • Root form and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars of a Yemeni population.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in the root canal systems of permanent maxillary first premolars in a Yemeni population using a clearing technique. METHODS:Two hundred fifty permanent maxillary first premolar teeth extracted from Yemeni individuals were collected. A small hole in the...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0555-x

    authors: Senan EM,Alhadainy HA,Genaid TM,Madfa AA

    更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00

  • Skill-mix in preventive dental practice--will it help address need in the future?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Population health needs are changing. The levels of dental caries and periodontal disease across the population as a whole is falling. The proportion of adults with a functional dentition in many developed countries has increased substantially and edentulous rates have dropped to some of their lowest levels....

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S10

    authors: Brocklehurst P,Macey R

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • The accuracy of estimating chronological age from Demirjian and Nolla methods in a Portuguese and Spanish sample.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Age determination has great importance in many clinical decisions, being commonly used in odontopediatrics, orthodontics, pediatrics, and forensic medicine. The Nolla and Demirjian et al. methods have been used for these purposes. However, estimating chronological age by means of the dental mineralization st...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-160

    authors: Tomás LF,Mónico LS,Tomás I,Varela-Patiño P,Martin-Biedma B

    更新日期:2014-12-23 00:00:00

  • Contextual and individual assessment of dental pain period prevalence in adolescents: a multilevel approach.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that health and disease occur in social contexts, the vast majority of studies addressing dental pain exclusively assessed information gathered at individual level. OBJECTIVES:To assess the association between dental pain and contextual and individual characteristics in Brazilian adolescent...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6831-10-20

    authors: Peres MA,Peres KG,Frias AC,Antunes JL

    更新日期:2010-08-13 00:00:00

  • Do probiotics promote oral health during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances? A systematic review.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances has been associated with significant biofilm accumulation, thus putting patients at a higher risk of oral health deterioration. The use of probiotics has been proposed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of oral pathologies such as caries and diseases of pe...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01109-3

    authors: Hadj-Hamou R,Senok AC,Athanasiou AE,Kaklamanos EG

    更新日期:2020-04-25 00:00:00

  • Effect of the plant-based hemostatic agent Ankaferd Blood Stopper® on the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the detrimental effect of blood contamination on the physico-chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), obtaining an effective hemostasis in the surgical crypt during apical surgery is of paramount importance. The purpose of this in vivo study was to analyze the effect of Ankaferd Blood ...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0302-0

    authors: Dinçol ME,Ozbas H,Yılmaz B,Ersev H,Gokyay S,Olgac V

    更新日期:2016-10-11 00:00:00

  • Comparative analysis of the oral microbiota between iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) patients and healthy individuals by high-throughput sequencing.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between oral microbiota and IE (infective endocarditis) is well established. Opportunistic pathogens in normal oral flora enter the bloodstream through daily oral cleaning or invasive dental procedures, leading to the occurrence of infective endocarditis. An in vitro iron-deficient condition...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0947-6

    authors: Xi R,Wang R,Wang Y,Xiang Z,Su Z,Cao Z,Xu X,Zheng X,Li J

    更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00

  • Should oral anticoagulant therapy be continued during dental extraction? A meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral anticoagulation therapy is widely used to reduce the risks of thromboembolism. However, the therapy increases the risk of hemorrhage during the surgical procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the bleeding risk of patients continuing or discontinuing oral anticoagulant therapy while un...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0278-9

    authors: Yang S,Shi Q,Liu J,Li J,Xu J

    更新日期:2016-08-26 00:00:00

  • Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could act as reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis...

    journal_title:BMC oral health

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01267-4

    authors: Grzegocka K,Krzyściak P,Hille-Padalis A,Loster JE,Talaga-Ćwiertnia K,Loster BW

    更新日期:2020-10-10 00:00:00