Analysis of the human GDNF gene reveals an inducible promoter, three exons, a triplet repeat within the 3'-UTR and alternative splice products.

abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that results from the expansion of a cryptic CAG repeat within the exon 1 of the SCA2 gene. The CAG repeat in normal individuals varies in length from 14 to 31 repeats and is frequently interrupted by one or more CAA triplets, whereas ...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Choudhry S,Mukerji M,Srivastava AK,Jain S,Brahmachari SK

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the association between common haplotypes in six relevant lipid metabolism genes with plasma lipid levels. We selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol rece...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Knoblauch H,Bauerfeind A,Krähenbühl C,Daury A,Rohde K,Bejanin S,Essioux L,Schuster H,Luft FC,Reich JG

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a growing class of inherited neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease, which are caused by abnormal expansions of the polyQ stretch in each unrelated disease protein. The expanded polyQ stretch is thought to confer toxic properties on the disease proteins through alt...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Nagai Y,Fujikake N,Ohno K,Higashiyama H,Popiel HA,Rahadian J,Yamaguchi M,Strittmatter WJ,Burke JR,Toda T

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by polyglutamine expansion in the disease protein, huntingtin. In HD patients and transgenic mice, the affected neurons form characteristic ubiquitin-positive nuclear inclusions (NIs). We have established ecdysone-inducible stable mou...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Jana NR,Tanaka M,Wang Gh,Nukina N

更新日期：2000-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) gene encodes a transmembrane protein that transports sulfate into chondrocytes to maintain adequate sulfation of proteoglycans. Mutations in this gene are responsible for four recessively inherited chondrodysplasias that include diastrophic dysplasia, multiple epip...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Karniski LP

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. This expansion leads to misfolding and aggregation of mutant ataxin-3 (ATXN3) and degeneration of select brain regions. A key unanswered question in SCA3 and other polyglutami...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Ramani B,Panwar B,Moore LR,Wang B,Huang R,Guan Y,Paulson HL

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) cause human birth defect syndromes and are associated with a variety of cancers. Although forced expression of mutant activated FGFRs has been shown to oncogenically transform some immortal cell types, their activity in primary cells remains unclear. Here, we sho...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Ota S,Zhou ZQ,Link JM,Hurlin PJ

更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation and affects many aspects of brain development. DS individuals exhibit an overall reduction in brain size with a disproportionately greater reduction in cerebellar volume. The Ts65Dn mouse is segmentally trisomic for the distal 12-15 Mb of mouse ...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Baxter LL,Moran TH,Richtsmeier JT,Troncoso J,Reeves RH

更新日期：2000-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several common loci contributing to non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). However, a substantial fraction of NOA heritability remains undefined, especially those low-frequency [defined here as having a minor allele frequency (MAF) between 0.5 and 5%] and rare (MAF be...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Ni B,Lin Y,Sun L,Zhu M,Li Z,Wang H,Yu J,Guo X,Zuo X,Dong J,Xia Y,Wen Y,Wu H,Li H,Zhu Y,Ping P,Chen X,Dai J,Jiang Y,Xu P,Du Q,Yao B,Weng N,Lu H,Wang Z,Zhu X,Yang X,Xiong C,Ma H,Jin G,Xu J,Wang

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human genome is often portrayed as consisting of three sequence types, each distinguished by their mode of evolution. Purifying selection is estimated to act on 2.5-5.0% of the genome, whereas virtually all remaining sequence is considered to have evolved neutrally and to be devoid of functionality. The third mode...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Ponting CP,Lunter G

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:ICF syndrome has been described as the association of variable immunodeficiency, facial anomalies and centromeric heterochromatin instability. Since the chromosome rearrangements seen in cells of ICF patients are reminiscent of the chromosomal changes induced by the undermethylating agent 5-azacytidine in the late S-p...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Jeanpierre M,Turleau C,Aurias A,Prieur M,Ledeist F,Fischer A,Viegas-Pequignot E

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disorder characterized by axonopathy and demyelination in the central nervous system and adrenal insufficiency. Main X-ALD phenotypes are: (i) an adult adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) with axonopathy in spinal cords, (ii) cerebral AMN with brain demyelination (cAMN) an...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Schlüter A,Espinosa L,Fourcade S,Galino J,López E,Ilieva E,Morató L,Asheuer M,Cook T,McLaren A,Reid J,Kelly F,Bates S,Aubourg P,Galea E,Pujol A

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTEN, a tumor suppressor phosphatase that dephosphorylates both protein and lipid substrates, is mutated in both heritable and sporadic breast cancer. Until recently, PTEN-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were thought to occur through its well-documented cytoplasmic activities. We have shown that PTEN localize...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Chung JH,Ostrowski MC,Romigh T,Minaguchi T,Waite KA,Eng C

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome editing to correct a defective β-globin gene or induce fetal globin (HbF) for patients with beta-hemoglobinopathies has the potential to be a curative strategy available to all. HbF reactivation has long been an area of intense interest given the HbF inhibition of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization. Patient...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Demirci S,Leonard A,Tisdale JF

更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding mediation is useful for identifying intermediates lying between an exposure and an outcome which, when intervened upon, will block (some or all of) the causal pathway between the exposure and outcome. Mediation approaches used in conventional epidemiology have been adapted to understanding the role of mo...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Richmond RC,Hemani G,Tilling K,Davey Smith G,Relton CL

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome in which affected individuals have a greatly increased predisposition to the development of haemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and retina, renal cell carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma. The VHL gene has been mapped to chromos...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Richards FM,Phipps ME,Latif F,Yao M,Crossey PA,Foster K,Linehan WM,Affara NA,Lerman MI,Zbar B

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and phosphorylated Tau at position 181 (pTau181) are biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed an analysis and meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data on Aβ1-42 and pTau181 in AD dementia patients followed by independent replication. An association ...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Ramirez A,van der Flier WM,Herold C,Ramonet D,Heilmann S,Lewczuk P,Popp J,Lacour A,Drichel D,Louwersheimer E,Kummer MP,Cruchaga C,Hoffmann P,Teunissen C,Holstege H,Kornhuber J,Peters O,Naj AC,Chouraki V,Bellenguez C

更新日期：2014-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciliopathies form a group of inherited disorders sharing several clinical manifestations because of abnormal cilia formation or function, and few treatments have been successful against these disorders. Here, we report a mouse model with mutated Sclt1 gene, which encodes a centriole distal appendage protein important ...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Li J,Lu D,Liu H,Williams BO,Overbeek PA,Lee B,Zheng L,Yang T

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 9 (9p) has been reported in a number of cases to be associated with gonadal dysgenesis and XY sex reversal, suggesting that this region contains one or more genes required in two copies for normal testis development. Recent studies have greatly narrowed the interval conta...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Raymond CS,Parker ED,Kettlewell JR,Brown LG,Page DC,Kusz K,Jaruzelska J,Reinberg Y,Flejter WL,Bardwell VJ,Hirsch B,Zarkower D

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report identification of a novel genetic locus (GLC1P) for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) on chromosome 12q14 using linkage studies of an African-American pedigree (maximum non-parametric linkage score = 19.7, max LOD score = 2.7). Subsequent comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reacti...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Fingert JH,Robin AL,Stone JL,Roos BR,Davis LK,Scheetz TE,Bennett SR,Wassink TH,Kwon YH,Alward WL,Mullins RF,Sheffield VC,Stone EM

更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a disorder characterized by a progressive ventricular myocardial replacement by fat and fibrosis, which lead to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Mutations in the desmosomal gene Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) accounts for >40% of all known mutations, generally causing a tr...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Moncayo-Arlandi J,Guasch E,Sanz-de la Garza M,Casado M,Garcia NA,Mont L,Sitges M,Knöll R,Buyandelger B,Campuzano O,Diez-Juan A,Brugada R

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations that affect calcium homeostasis (Ca(2+)) in rod photoreceptors are linked to retinal degeneration and visual disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). It is thought that the concentration of Ca(2+) in rod outer segments is controlled by a dynamic balance between...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Vinberg F,Wang T,Molday RS,Chen J,Kefalov VJ

更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders. The gene responsible for the disease has a very high mutation rate, approximately fifty per cent of NF1 patients appear to have a de novo mutation. The search for mutations is hampered by the large size of the NF1 gene and up to date, relati...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Valero MC,Velasco E,Moreno F,Hernández-Chico C

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the powerhouses of the eukaryotic cell, mitochondria must maintain their genomes which encode proteins essential for energy production. Mitochondria are characterized by guanine-rich DNA sequences that spontaneously form unusual three-dimensional structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4). G4 structures can be problem...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Butler TJ,Estep KN,Sommers JA,Maul RW,Moore AZ,Bandinelli S,Cucca F,Tuke MA,Wood AR,Bharti SK,Bogenhagen DF,Yakubovskaya E,Garcia-Diaz M,Guilliam TA,Byrd AK,Raney KD,Doherty AJ,Ferrucci L,Schlessinger D,Ding J,Bro

更新日期：2020-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinted genetic obesity disorder characterized by abnormalities of growth and metabolism. Multiple mouse models with deficiency of one or more PWS candidate genes have partially correlated individual genes with aspects of the PWS phenotype, although the genetic origin of defects in ...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Bischof JM,Stewart CL,Wevrick R

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Various small molecule pharmacologic agents with different known functions produce similar outcomes in diverse Mendelian and complex disorders, suggesting that they may induce common cellular effects. These molecules include histone deacetylase inhibitors, 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and trichostatin A, and two small mole...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Brose RD,Shin G,McGuinness MC,Schneidereith T,Purvis S,Dong GX,Keefer J,Spencer F,Smith KD

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia associated with the high metabolic demand of rods has been implicated in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of adult blindness in the developed world. The majority of AMD-associated severe vision loss cases are due to exudative AMD, characterized by neovascularizatio...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Zhang L,Cui X,Han Y,Park KS,Gao X,Zhang X,Yuan Z,Hu Y,Hsu CW,Li X,Bassuk AG,Mahajan VB,Wang NK,Tsang SH

更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:BCS1L encodes a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae bcs1 protein, which has a known role in the assembly of Complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Phenotypes reported in association with pathogenic BCS1L variants include growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis an...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Oláhová M,Ceccatelli Berti C,Collier JJ,Alston CL,Jameson E,Jones SA,Edwards N,He L,Chinnery PF,Horvath R,Goffrini P,Taylor RW,Sayer JA

更新日期：2019-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the SCA1 product, ataxin-1. Previously, using transgenic mice, it was demonstrated that in order for a mutant allele of ataxin-1 to cause disease it must be transported to the...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Yue S,Serra HG,Zoghbi HY,Orr HT

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a heterogeneous subgroup of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a large family of disorders characterized by multiple congenital joint limitations due to reduced fetal movements. DA is mainly characterized by contractures afflicting especially the distal extremities without overt mu...

journal_title：Human molecular genetics

authors： Dieterich K,Quijano-Roy S,Monnier N,Zhou J,Fauré J,Smirnow DA,Carlier R,Laroche C,Marcorelles P,Mercier S,Mégarbané A,Odent S,Romero N,Sternberg D,Marty I,Estournet B,Jouk PS,Melki J,Lunardi J

更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00