Abstract：
:The intent of this paper is to evaluate decreases of food intake and body weight that occur when a peptide is administered to an animal. Using the pancreatic hormone insulin as an example, the case is made that endogenous insulin is normally secreted in response to circulating nutrients as well as in proportion to the degree of adiposity. Hence, its levels in the blood are a reliable indicator of adiposity. A further case is then made demonstrating that insulin is transported through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, where it gains access to neurons containing specific insulin receptors that are important in the control of feeding and metabolism. Finally, experimentally-induced changes of insulin in the brain cause predictable changes of food intake and body weight. Given these observations, the question is then asked: since endogenous insulin, acting within the brain, appears to decrease food intake, can a decrease of food intake caused by exogenous insulin administered into the same area of the brain be ascribed to the same, naturally-occurring response system, or should it be attributed to malaise or a non-specific depression of behavior? Arguments are presented supporting the former position that exogenous insulin, when administered in small quantities directly into the brain, taps into the natural caloric/metabolic system and hence influences food intake and body weight.
journal_name
Neurosci Biobehav Revjournal_title
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviewsauthors
Woods SC,Chavez M,Park CR,Riedy C,Kaiyala K,Richardson RD,Figlewicz DP,Schwartz MW,Porte D Jr,Seeley RJdoi
10.1016/0149-7634(95)00044-fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
139-44issue
1eissn
0149-7634issn
1873-7528pii
0149-7634(95)00044-Fjournal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The effect of manipulations aimed at modifying the function of the 5-HT system has been reviewed. 5-HT uptake inhibitors are devoid of any activity in rats and induce an anti-immobility effect in mice. The so-called 5-HT1A agonists reduce the immobility time with some differences in mice and rats, mice being less sens...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(94)00050-b
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in regulating the expression of agonistic, scent marking and proceptive displays is reviewed. In the intact sexually mature female, data indicate that agonistic, scent marking and proceptive patterns of behavior fluctuate significantly prior to and during the period of mat...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80062-4
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure causes permanent structural alterations to the brain and can lead to numerous cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Consistent with many of the neuropsychological and behavioral deficits that have been reported, neuroimaging studies reveal a pattern of structural abnormalities associated w...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.006
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is an important target for novel therapies. Effectively measuring the cognitive effects of compounds in clinical trials of schizophrenia could be a major barrier to drug development. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) programme ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.012
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our recent studies on seizure-triggering mechanisms in the kindling model of epilepsy are reviewed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) events during kindling-inducing tetanic stimulation from the site of stimulation were recorded, with an emphasis on EEG suppression and rhythmic synchronous discharge. From electrophysiolog...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper provides an overview of findings that implicate growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS), the two peptides that regulate growth hormone secretion, in the central regulation of feeding. Evidence is presented that GHRH and SS increase food intake, in the rat, via a common centrally...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(94)90055-8
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most models of conduct disorders are based on a biopsychosocial perspective. In such models, genetic and/or neuropsychological determinants are assumed to have a core hierarchical role by conferring vulnerabilities during a child's development. Based on a review of recent literature, I will show that other views are a...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.011
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radial-arm maze (RAM) has become a very widely used method for assessing spatial memory in rodents. It has proven to be quite useful in the investigation of the effects of a variety of pharmacological manipulations on spatial memory. The cholinergic system has been found to be crucial for accurate RAM performance....
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(88)80008-3
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Asymptomatic carotid stenosis (CS), traditionally considered clinically silent, may be an independent risk factor for a cognitive impairment. METHODS:To determine whether an association exists between asymptomatic CS and cognitive function, we systematically reviewed the literature in the Cochrane Library, ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.05.011
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contributions of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal circuits to timing and time perception have often been a point of contention. In this review we propose that the cerebellum principally functions to reduce variability, through the detection of stimulus onsets and the sub-division of longer durations, thus c...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.015
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) are stable and impairing disorders, heterogeneous in presentation, developmental pathways, and treatment needs. Disentangling subtypes according to psychopathological dimensions is helpful for timely diagnoses, precise prognoses and tailored interventions. Psychopathic traits are r...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.023
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:There is a presumption that neurocognition is commonly impaired in chronic methadone exposed individuals (CM) when compared with healthy controls (HP). Additionally, it remains unclear if short term (<1year) abstinence (AP) is associated with an altered cognitive profile when compared with CM. METHOD:A ra...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.008
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have helped identify multiple factors affecting increased risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). These factors include age at the time of injury, repetitive injury and TBI severity, neurocircuits, neurotransmitter systems, neuroinflammation, and sex differences. ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.015
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The componential view of human emotion recognises that affective states comprise conscious, behavioural, physiological, neural and cognitive elements. Although many animals display bodily and behavioural changes consistent with the occurrence of affective states similar to those seen in humans, the question of whether...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.014
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The firing patterns of neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NA) are examined and discussed with respect to different types of rewards and reward conditions. Comparisons and contrasts between individually identified NA neuron responses to cocaine self-administration and water reinforcement are presented with an emphasis o...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.11.011
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Handedness is a dynamic and complex aspect of human behavior. Changing it through practice, either willingly or obliged by some reason, requires a considerable amount of effort. Analyzing studies that presented handedness shifts may expand our comprehension of this phenomenon, since knowing how to change it might prov...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.019
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates a range of higher order 'executive functions' that subserve the selection and processing of information in such a way that behavior can be planned, controlled and directed according to shifting environmental demands. Impairment of executive functions typifies many forms of psychopa...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.11.005
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenergic neural systems have been expressly implicated in pathophysiological conditions induced by stress. The majority of experimental evidence supports a central role for brain noradrenaline in mediating the effects of stress and predisposing an organism to stress pathology as well as in producing a well-docume...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(85)90048-x
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present review is concerned with the role of different physiological systems (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, electromyography, and the eye-bling startle reflex) in understanding heterogeneity in conduct disorder (CD). Four subtyping approaches are considered: age of onset, comorbid psychopathology, callous-un...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.022
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress encompasses profound psychological and physiological changes that are observable on all levels, from cellular mechanisms, humoral changes, and brain activation to subjective experience and behavior. While the impact of stress on health has already been studied for decades, a more recent field of research has re...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.026
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotions are implicitly expressed in both facial expressions and prosodic components of vocal communication. The ability to recognize nonverbal cues of emotion is an important feature of social competence that matures gradually across childhood and adolescence. Compared to the extensive knowledge about the development...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.019
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder primarily affecting females, causing severe cognitive, social, motor and physiological impairments for which no cure currently exists. RTT clinical diagnosis is based on the peculiar progression of the disease, since patients show an apparently normal initial develop...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.013
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several previous studies have used mismatch negativity (MMN) to examine the auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether the deficit is general or specific and how it potentially changes with age. Meta-analysis was adopted to quantitatively identify...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.032
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical behavioral responses to environmental sounds are common in autistic children and adults, with 50-70 % of this population exhibiting decreased sound tolerance (DST) at some point in their lives. This symptom is a source of significant distress and impairment across the lifespan, contributing to anxiety, challe...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.030
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taste aversion learning (TAL) consists of the avoidance of a taste previously associated with a noxious visceral stimulus. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that this adaptive process can be established by different procedures that imply distinct forms of learning and memory, although the final result is analo...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.06.002
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis using the Seed-based d Mapping software package to identify the most consistent and replicable findings. A systematic literature search was performed to identify eligi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.018
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizures induced by pilocarpine (PILO) have proven to be a useful procedure for investigating the basic mechanisms essential for generation, spread and motor expression of seizures in rodents. Here we report the long-term effects of PILO in rats. Following PILO (380 mg/kg, IP), 3 distinct phases were observed: 1) an a...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80076-4
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The experience of "stress", in its broadest meaning, is an inevitable part of life. All living creatures have evolved multiple mechanisms to deal with such threats and challenges and to avoid damage to the organism that may be incurred from these stress responses. Trauma and stressor-related disorders are psychiatric ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dementia is a major cause of disability amongst the elderly and represents a serious global health issue. Current treatments for dementia are limited; at best they provide inadequate symptomatic relief. In contrast, there are a plethora of approaches that provide symptomatic relief for abnormalities of movement includ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.003
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is argued that both stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive theories of learning and behaviour capture part of the truth, in that these terms involve two different types of process that are jointly responsible for the control of behaviour. The proposal that both processes coexist is investigated in the context of the...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(97)00022-5
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
