Abstract:
:Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a phenomenon that is integral to development and cellular homeostasis. In the last decade, many of the essential molecules and pathways that control this phenomenon have been elucidated. Because apoptosis is involved in almost all physiologic and pathologic processes, the understanding of its regulation has significant clinical ramifications. This article reviews the basic understanding of programmed cell death in terms of the effector molecules and pathways. Areas of interest to plastic surgeons are reviewed as they pertain to apoptosis. These areas include allotransplantation, craniofacial and limb development, flap survival, wound healing, stem cell science, and physiologic aging. These topics have not yet been studied extensively in the context of cell death. In this review article, other related and more comprehensively studied scientific areas are used to extrapolate their relevance to apoptosis. Apoptosis is an increasingly better understood process. With the knowledge of how programmed cell death is controlled, combined with the improved ability to effectively perform genetic manipulation and to design specific chemical approaches, apoptosis is gaining clinical relevance. In the next few years, practical clinical breakthroughs will help the medical community to understand the phenomenon of apoptosis and how it relates to the needs of patients.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Gastman BR,Futrell JW,Manders EKdoi
10.1097/01.PRS.0000049639.64947.EFsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
1481-96issue
4eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We have significantly expanded the use of a lipectomy procedure which heretofore had been restricted to the removal of strictly localized excess fat deposits by curettage through a small incision. By modifying the suction curette and utilizing it for extensive body contouring, we have been successful in correcting rel...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198107000-00012
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acellular dermal matrix is used in most postmastectomy implant-based breast reconstructions in the United States. It is believed to be safe, despite a slightly increased complication rate. Although never established in a unifying study, the primary advantage of acellular dermal matrix is believed to be an en...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006212
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of performing vascularized musculoskeletal xenografts between mice and rats using immunosuppression. Vascularized musculoskeletal grafts were harvested from the hind limb of C57BL/6J (B6) mice, transplanted heterotopically into Lewis rats, and revascularized by mic...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200004050-00015
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The spheno-occipital synchondrosis is an important growth center of the craniofacial skeleton and a primary site of malformation in syndromic forms of craniosynostosis. Clinical and laboratory investigations have demonstrated that premature closure of cranial vault sutures in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000182224.98761.cf
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Botulinum toxin A (BTA) is one of the most diversely used medications of the 21st century and is now being researched as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS:The authors performed a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. The primary i...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001733
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess trends in technique and philosophy of face lifting, associated procedures, and the incidence and management of complications. Surveys were sent to 3800 members of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS); 570 surveys (15 percent) were returned. Numerou...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200010000-00033
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary surgical correction of the cleft lip nasal deformity is routinely performed at the Craniofacial Center at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Over time, however, there is a tendency for the lower lateral cartilage to retain its memory and, subsequently, recreate the preoperative nasal deformity. Therefore, it is cur...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199904050-00002
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Displaced subcondylar fractures of the mandible are difficult to treat. Open reduction with internal fixation carries significant risks including devascularization of the condylar segment, facial nerve injury, and scarring. Closed treatment with mandibular-maxillary fixation alone accepts a misaligned fractu...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000178047.97112.fa
更新日期:2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Free-flap failure is in the order of 4 to 10 percent. Heparin is more effective at preventing venous thrombosis than arterial thrombosis. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of delivering heparin at a high dose locally but low dose systemically (heparin infusion via a catheter placed proximal to the ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200003000-00024
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scar tissue, obtained from humans, was stained for elastin fibers by a new staining method. Elastin fibers were noted at sites where they must have been formed de novo. The morphology and the distribution of elastin in various types of scars are described. Practically no elastin was found in keloids. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197603000-00005
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies assessing outcomes following orthognathic surgery rely primarily on single-center/surgeon experience. In addition to issues of generalizability, these studies are limited in evaluating the effect of operative volume on patient outcomes. METHODS:Orthognathic procedures were identified in the...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002384
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical-site infection is a common postoperative nosocomial infection. Surgeons frequently treat operative patients with protective antibiotics and often choose cefazolin as the drug. Treatment schemes include both preoperative intravenous dosing and intraoperative dosing by irrigation. This study was desig...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31818d5899
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In an effort to reduce risk, some surgeons promote a limited dissection abdominoplasty technique. They believe that preserving musculocutaneous perforators improves blood supply to the overlying abdominal tissue and that improved vascularity avoids seromas and reduces wound healing problems. Laser fluorescen...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001376
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a genetic and ubiquitous disease, with an estimated incidence of one in 3000 live births. Neurofibromas, defined as various benign tumors, are hallmarks of the disease. Facial plexiform or diffuse neurofibromas usually occur unilaterally and can induce facial hemihypertrophy. Surg...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d180e9
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients are reported, 4 of whom had total ischiectomies and the other an extensive partial ischiectomy. In each, recurrent ulcers, extending into the perineum, developed subsequently. One patient had a urethrocutaneous fistula as a result of his perineal ulcer, and he had to undergo an ileal loop diversion. Foll...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197807000-00015
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After the devastating earthquake in Haiti on January 12, 2010, a British orthoplastic limb salvage team was mobilized. The team operated in a suburb of Port-au-Prince from January 20, 2010. This analysis gives an overview of the caseload and early outcomes. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of operative data...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182131cde
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A laboratory approach to measuring neurologic impairment has been developed that is applicable to systemic disease as well as localized nerve injury. This approach compares individual parameters of the experimental rat hind footprint (walking track) with weight- and sex-matched control track parameters; classic mathem...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199110000-00020
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The preoperative localization of thoracodorsal artery perforators has been a challenge because of their topographic variation. METHODS:From November of 2005 to January of 2007, 25 patients underwent free thoracodorsal artery perforator flap transfer for reconstruction of the lower extremities (22 flaps) and...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31818458b3
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the 14 free flap transfers we present with full survival, we recommend peroperative magnification angiography of both the recipient and donor sites. In our hands, this type of preoperative assessment seems to increase the margin of safety. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197910000-00007
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients of rhytidectomy age have had previous rhinoplasty or nasal injury and have dorsal irregularities or saddle-nose deformities. SMAS tissue ordinarily discarded at rhytidectomy may be used for nasal dorsal augmentation and padding. Six patients undergoing rhytidectomy who also had prior nasal surgery or def...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00025
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical-site infection after implant-based breast reconstruction remains a leading cause of morbidity. Doxycycline is an antibiotic used to treat soft-tissue infections. The authors hypothesize that doxycycline-coated breast implants will significantly reduce biofilm formation, surgical-site infection, and ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007277
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new muscle flap based on the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery is described. Twenty internal oblique muscle flaps have been dissected and studied in 10 fresh cadavers. This muscle flap has been used successfully as a free-tissue transfer in seven lower extremity defects. There was one loss of flap...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198405000-00001
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is an assessment of clinically evident systemic health problems associated with failed silicone gel breast implants. A computer search of the medical records of 2033 patients receiving implants in the years 1962-1992 revealed that between 1970 and 1992, 200 women 14 to 75 years of age underwe...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199408000-00012
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method of vaginal reconstruction is reported. In the procedure, the left inferior abdominal wall flap with the subcutaneous pedicle containing epigastric superficial blood vessels and/or the circumflex iliac superficial vessel and the external pudendal vessel and their branches is raised and passed through an im...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198906000-00013
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several reconstructive procedures have been described for the complete defect of the distal radius that is created after a wide excision of a giant-cell tumor of bone, including hemiarthroplasty using the vascularized fibular head and partial wrist arthrodesis between a vascularized fibula and the scapholunate portion...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200207000-00020
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A noncontact three-dimensional measuring system (liquid crystal range finder system) is described. Three-dimensional facial surface data (more than 30,000 points) could be obtained in 1 second, and the resolution was approximately 0.4 mm. The reliability and repeatability of the results were validated with a calibrati...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199811000-00046
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient-reported lower satisfaction with the abdomen preoperatively is a strong predictor of undergoing DIEP flap surgery. The authors evaluated physical well-being of the abdomen before and after flap-based breast reconstruction to determine potential predictors for decreased postoperative abdominal well-be...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006536
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrosurgical coagulation in the presence of blow-by oxygen is a potential source of fire in facial surgery. A case report of a patient sustaining partial-thickness facial burns secondary to such a flash fire is presented. A fiberglass facial model is then used to study the variables involved in providing supplement...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lateral epicondylitis is a common overuse injury affecting approximately 1 to 3 percent of the population. Although symptoms may disappear spontaneously within 1 year, the clinical guidelines for conservative treatment are not clear. The authors' objective was to examine the outcomes of nonsurgical treatment...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007440
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvascular transfer of the omentum has several unique advantages for the reconstruction and revascularization of extremity wounds. The omentum provides well-vascularized, malleable tissue for reconstruction of extensive soft-tissue defects and has a long vascular pedicle (35 to 40 cm) with sizable vessels, which re...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000056874.31920.7D
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00