Abstract:
:Although atracurium is a widely used neuromuscular blocker, we still lack knowledge regarding some of its cellular mechanisms of action. Thus, similar to other clinically used blockers atracurium induces, both in vivo and in vitro, fade of the tetanic contraction. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this tetanic fade have never been systematically studied. In the present work these mechanisms were investigated in vitro. A sciatic nerve extensor digitorum longus muscle preparation of the rat was used. A combination of myographical and electrophysiological techniques was employed. Indirect twitches were evoked at 0.1 Hz and tetanic contractions at 50 Hz. Trains of end-plate potentials were evoked at a frequency of 50 Hz. The electrophysiological variables used in the analysis of the trains of end-plate potentials were: peak amplitude of the first end-plate potential in the train, peak amplitude of plateau end-plate potentials in the train, tetanic run-down of the end-plate potentials' train, quantal content of first and plateau end-plate potentials in the train, quantal size. In the myographical study atracurium, at a concentration of 2.4 microM, induced a complete fade of the tetanic contraction while only slightly affected the twitch. In the electrophysiological study atracurium, at the same 2.4 microM concentration, significantly decreased the amplitude of both first end-plate potentials in the train (control: 14.4 mV; atracurium: 3.2 mV) and plateau end-plate potentials (control: 10.8 mV; atracurium: 2.4 mV) and reinforced the tetanic run-down of the train of end-plate potentials, evaluated as the percent loss in amplitude of plateau end-plate potentials compared to first end-plate potentials in the trains (control: 25.2%; atracurium: 33.2%). Atracurium also significantly decreased the quantal content of first end-plate potentials in the train (control: 231; atracurium: 68), the quantal content of plateau end-plate potentials (control: 159; atracurium: 42) and the quantal size (control: 0.119 mV; atracurium: 0.075 mV). In relative terms the decrease in quantal content was about twice as large as the decrease in quantal size. This indicates that the fade of the tetanic contraction induced by atracurium (2.4 microM) is due to both pre- and postsynaptic blocking effects, the presynaptic one being stronger.
journal_name
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicoljournal_title
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicologyauthors
Nascimento DC,Serra CS,Oliveira ACdoi
10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto950103.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
9-14issue
1eissn
1742-7835issn
1742-7843pii
PTOpto950103journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a feared complication of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin. Studies predicting the incidence rate for individuals with a given set of characteristics are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a risk model to predict the incidence rate of upper ga...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.13370
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal function impairment in lung cancer patients with bone metastases was investigated, as this can limit the application of bisphosphonates representing the gold standard in the management of such cases. Clinicopathological data of 570 lung cancer patients were retrospectively analysed for changes in renal function ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12854
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gambogic acid, the main active compound of gamboge resin of Garcinia hanburryi, has recently exhibited marked antitumour potency on solid tumours of various derivations. We demonstrate here that gambogic acid also present powerful antileukaemic potency through both growth arrest and apoptosis induction in Jurkat cells...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00292.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chalcones represent an important group of natural or synthetic compounds with a variety of biological activities including antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory ones. The aim of this work was the synthesis of a new benzofuranone compound and evaluation of its antinociceptive potential in mice. The new benzofuranone 4 ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00441.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non-invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially f...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12721
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The era of immunotherapies was unleashed in 2010 with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first therapeutic vaccine sipuleucel-T as a standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Next, the first immune-activating anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab exhibiting 'immun...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12320
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in form-deprived eyes decline in guinea pigs. As prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is an ARA metabolite and endogenous agonist of prostaglandin F receptor (FP), we have been suggested that down-regulation of PGF2α-FP receptor signalling pathway contributes to myopia onset. To test this hy...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.13017
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The published data revealed conflicting results of the polymorphism of MDR1 exon 26 SNP C3435T on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine; thus, the aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of significant magnitude to investigate the influence of SNP C3435T on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine. A literature search was condu...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00300.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an important efflux transporter in intestine, regulates the bioavailability of orally taken drugs. To develop an in vitro model that preferably mimics the physiological microenvironment of human intestine, we employed the three-dimensionally (3D) cultured organoids from human normal small intest...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12680
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the time that Paracelsus coined his famous dictum, 'What is there that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing is without poison. Solely the dose determines that a thing is not a poison', embryonic toxicology was a fairly focused discipline that mainly dealt with occupational poisonings and side effects of...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12622
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial development in the pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been made recently including approval of new non-stimulant agents targeting noradrenergic, histaminergic and dopaminergic systems. Among such, atomoxetine has been widely used, although its mechanism of act...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00230.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous lipid emulsion has been suggested as treatment for severe intoxications caused by lipophilic drugs, including tricyclic antidepressants. We investigated the effect of lipid infusion on plasma and tissue concentrations of amitriptyline and haemodynamic recovery, when lipid was given after amitriptyline dist...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12082
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are highly effective anticoagulants but their use is hampered by multiple interactions with food and medicine and a narrow therapeutic range. The large variation in dose requirements has led to the development of several dosing algorithms based on pharmacogenetic and clinical variables. In ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00789.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro studies have shown that vitamin D may induce several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in general and CYP3A4 in particular. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and suggested in vivo markers of CYP3A activity in healthy volunteers from Swe...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12230
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a pathogenic role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of RA on DN and to elucidate the potential mechanism. High glucose (HG)-stimulated cultured human renal proximal...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00828.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, several online tools have appeared capable of identifying potential plagiarism in science. While such tools may help to maintain or even increase the originality and ethical quality of the scientific literature, no apparent consensus exists among editors on the degree of plagiarism or self-plagiarism ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12568
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking is the principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially emphysema, which is characterized by alveolar wall destruction and airspace enlargement. Apoptosis of lung structural cells is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Xanthine derivatives (aminophylline or theophylline) ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00673.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyphenols are ubiquitous substances in human diet. Their antioxidative, antiinflammatory and antiviral effects are of interest for human health, and polyphenols such as luteolin are used at high concentrations in food supplements. Luteolin is metabolized to glucuronides, but also to methylated derivatives. For examp...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_300.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous studies we have reported that NQ301, a synthetic 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative, displays a potent antithrombotic activity, and that this might be due to antiplatelet effect, which was mediated by the inhibition of cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization in activated platelets. In the present study, the effect of NQ3...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_973123.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between haem biosynthesis and intestinal iron absorption in mice was investigated by ascertaining the effect of the haem synthesis inhibitor, griseofulvin, on duodenal iron absorption using both in vivo and in vitro measurements. Urinary 5-aminolaevulinic acid levels were increased within 24 hr of fee...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940402.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lornoxicam is extensively metabolized by CYP2C9, and a CYP2C9*13 is one of the principal variant alleles in East Asian populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CYP2C9*1/*13 on the pharmacokinetic parameters of lornoxicam in healthy individuals. A single oral dose of 8 mg lornoxicam was given t...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00751.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnolol is a pharmacological biphenolic compound extracted from Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis, which displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study was aimed at exploring the potential effect of magnolol on immune-related liver fibrosis. Herein, BALB/c mice were injected with concanavalin A (ConA,...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12749
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioids alter resting state brain oscillations by multiple and complex factors, which are still to be elucidated. To increase our knowledge, multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was subjected to multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), to identify the most descriptive frequency bands and scalp locations altered by ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12330
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) has been connected to learning, memory and mood. Changes in serum or plasma POP activity have been linked to psychiatric disorders. POP has been thought to interfere in these conditions by cleaving neuroactive peptides or via the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system. However, little...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00626.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the influence of variations in the carboxylesterase 1 gene (CES1) on the pharmacokinetics of enalapril. Forty-three healthy, Danish, Caucasian volunteers representing different pre-defined genotypes each received 10 mg of enalapril. At specified time-points, plasma concentrations of enalapril a...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12835
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of large population-based prescription databases has enabled us to study drug use with the individual user as our unit of analysis. This review presents three non-specific analytic templates that may be applied to individual-level prescription data. The ratio of prevalence odds to incidence rate can estimat...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_257.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and animal studies show that small changes in the developmental environment can induce phenotypic changes affecting an individual's responses to their later environment. These may alter the risk of chronic disease such as metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease. Recent research shows that animals ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00186.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of unintentional poisoning deaths in many countries. In ex vivo studies, CO released from carbon monoxide-releasing molecules has been shown to attenuate fibrinolysis via increased alpha-2-antiplasmin activity. Hypofibrinolysis is associated with coronary ischaemia, wh...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12042
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist AM 251 is known to block the inhibitory effects of endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoid agonists on transmitter release through an action at presynaptic cannabinoid 1 receptors in brain. We examined the ability of AM 251 to inhibit sodium channel-dependent functions and the ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940204.x
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models can be useful tools in new drug development and also optimal drug therapy in patients. This study was designed to develop a PK/PD model of sitagliptin based on the physiology of incretin. The PK/PD data included information derived from two different studies. Study 1 was ...
journal_title:Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12068
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00