Abstract:
:The timing of DNA replication appears to be an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression during development. Replication of active genes in expressing tissues occurs earlier than does replication of their inactive counterparts in nonexpressing tissues. This pattern is also observed for active and inactive alleles present in the same cell, as exemplified by genes subject to X chromosome inactivation in females. We find that the replication timing of the X-linked XIST gene in normal human fibroblasts provides a striking exception to this well-established pattern. Within the same cell, the expressed allele of XIST replicates late in S phase and the silent allele replicates early. This 'reverse' replication timing may have functional significance with respect to XIST or could be a passive consequence of the replication timing requirements of neighboring genes that are subject to X chromosome inactivation. Our finding of early replication for XIST in male fibroblasts contrasts with a report of late replication in such cells as determined by an in situ hybridization method [Torchia et al., (1994) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 96-104]. We propose that our data and those obtained by the in situ method can be accommodated by the existence of structural features that differ between the silent and expressed alleles of XIST. Similar features may be important determinants of the replication asynchrony found by the in situ method for other genes subject to monoallelic expression.
journal_name
Hum Mol Genetjournal_title
Human molecular geneticsauthors
Hansen RS,Canfield TK,Gartler SMdoi
10.1093/hmg/4.5.813subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
813-20issue
5eissn
0964-6906issn
1460-2083journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are among the most common motor neuron diseases to afflict the human population. A deficiency of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein causes SMA and is also reported to be an exacerbating factor in the development of ALS. However, pathways lin...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/dds174
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington disease is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat encoding an extended glutamine tract in a protein called huntingtin. Here, we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that somatic increases of mutation length play a role in the progressive nature and cell-selective aspects of HD pathogenesis. Results f...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm054
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Andersen's syndrome (AS) is a rare and dominantly inherited pathology, linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir2.1. AS patients exhibit a triad of symptoms that include periodic paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmia and bone malformations. Some progress has been made in understanding the contribution of the Ki...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu462
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder with impaired very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism. The disease-associated ABCD1 (ALD) gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein, which belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Several treatment regimes have...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/11.22.2701
更新日期:2002-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several human inherited diseases have been localized to the Xq13.3 region of the human X chromosome (X-linked dystonia with Parkinsonism, sideroblastic anemia, SCID, Menkes disease and X-linked mental retardation loci). Genes involved in the phenotypes have been isolated for only two of them (Menkes and SCIDX). It was...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/3.1.39
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss-of-function mutations in RET cause abnormal development of the enteric nervous system, a congenital condition known as Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung mutations in the extracellular domain of RET (RETECD) affect processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and prevent RET expression at the cell surface. We hav...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg227
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aiming to identify novel genetic variants and to confirm previously identified genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD), we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis in 27 061 study subjects. Stage 1 meta-analyzed seven GWA samples and 11 140 subjects for BMDs at the lumbar...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt575
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic differences are a common feature of many diseases, including cancer, and disease-associated changes have even been detected in bodily fluids. DNA modification studies in circulating DNA (cirDNA) may lead to the development of specific non-invasive biomarkers. To test this hypothesis, we investigated cirDNA ...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/dds192
更新日期:2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The FMR1 gene, associated with fragile X syndrome, has recently been cloned and the sequence of partial cDNA clones is known. We have determined additional cDNA sequences both at the 5' and 3' end. We have characterized the expressed gene by means of RT-PCR in various tissues and have found that alternative splicing t...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/2.4.399
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although considered the most common heritable cause of neurodevelopmental disability, precise prevalence figures for the FMR1 mutation in the general population are lacking. Since no fragile X premutation alleles have yet been observed to originate from FMR1 alleles within the normal size range, there is also little i...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/3.3.393
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galphaq, encoded by the human GNAQ gene, is an effector subunit of the Gq heterotrimeric G-protein and the convergence point for signaling of multiple Gq-coupled neurohormonal receptors. To identify naturally occurring mutations that could modify GNAQ transcription, we examined genomic DNA isolated from 355 normal sub...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm229
更新日期:2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), caused by mutational inactivation of the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), is a lysosomal storage disorder primarily affecting the skeleton. We have previously reported that Arsb-deficient mice display high trabecular bone mass and impaired skeletal grow...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa006
更新日期:2020-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid pRSVL persisted and expressed luciferase for at least 19 months in mouse skeletal muscle after intramuscular injection. Other injected plasmids also stably expressed long-term suggesting that any plasmid DNA could stably persist and express in muscle. Plasmid DNA was demonstrated by quantitative PCR in some of...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/1.6.363
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minibrain (mnb) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a serine-threonine protein kinase with an essential role in postembryonic neurogenesis. A corresponding human gene with similar function to mnb could provide important insights into both normal brain development and the abnormal brain development and mental r...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/5.9.1305
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poikiloderma, small stature, sparse hair, skeletal abnormalities, increased risk of osteosarcoma, and decreased bone mass. To date, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence and extent of metabolic bone diseas...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddx178
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in PKD1 cause dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD), characterized by large fluid-filled kidney cysts in adult life, but the molecular mechanism of cystogenesis remains obscure. Ostrom et al. [Dev. Biol., 219, 250-258 (2000)] showed that reduced dosage of Pax2 caused increased apoptosis, and ameliorated c...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl428
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method for rapid identification of chromosomes at metaphase, and quantification of chromosomes in interphase, by annealing oligonucleotide primers, derived from chromosome-specific subsets of repeated DNA families, to the DNA of cytological preparations, and enzymatic extension with the incorporation of ...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/3.6.931
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meiotic recombination is of fundamental importance in creating haplotype diversity in the human genome and has the potential to cause genomic rearrangements by ectopic recombination between repeat sequences and through other changes triggered by recombination-initiating events. However, the relationship between alleli...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl025
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with olfactory defects in addition to dopaminergic degeneration. Dopaminergic signalling is necessary for subventricular zone (SVZ) proliferation and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn or Snca) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission, and SNCA mutations cau...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz057
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases that lead to muscle wasting and, in most cases, premature death. Cytokines and inflammatory factors are released during the disease process where they promote deleterious signaling events that directly participate in myofiber death. Here, we show that p38α, a kinase...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu270
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Saposin B derives from the multi-functional precursor, prosaposin, and functions as an activity enhancer for several glycosphingolipid (GSL) hydrolases. Mutations in saposin B present in humans with phenotypes resembling metachromatic leukodystrophy. To gain insight into saposin B's physiological functions, a specific...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn135
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bitter taste perception is initiated by TAS2R receptors, which respond to agonists by triggering depolarization of taste bud cells. Mutations in TAS2Rs are known to affect taste phenotypes by altering receptor function. Evidence that TAS2Rs overlap in ligand specificity suggests that they may also contribute joint eff...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr252
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inherited defects in the X-chromosomal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD; ABCD1) gene are the genetic cause of the severe neurodegenerative disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). Biochemically the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids, caused by impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation, is the pathognomonic characte...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/9.18.2609
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Previous data have shown that MECP2 RNA is present in all mouse and human tissues tested, but the timing of expression and regional distribution have not been explored. We investigated the spatial...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/11.2.115
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The zebrafish has been the model of choice amongst developmental biologists for many years. This small freshwater species offers many advantages to the study of organ and tissue development that are not provided by other model systems. Against this background, modern molecular genetic approaches are being applied to e...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/hmg/9.16.2443
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common pediatric neuromuscular disorder caused by insufficient levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. Studies involving SMA patients and animal models expressing the human SMN2 gene have yielded relatively little information about the earliest cellular consequences of ...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn156
更新日期:2008-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::alpha2-Macroglobulin (A2M) is a proteinase inhibitor found in association with senile plaques (SP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A2M has been implicated biochemically in binding and degradation of the amyloid beta (Abeta) protein which accumulates in SP. We studied the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and a com...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/7.12.1953
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) is a rare form of type 2 diabetes, mostly observed in subjects of west African origin (west Africans and African-Americans), characterized by fulminant and phasic insulin dependence, but lacking markers of autoimmunity observed in type 1 diabetes. PAX4 is a transcription factor essential f...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh341
更新日期:2004-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in MECP2 cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT OMIM 312750). Alternative inclusion of MECP2/Mecp2 exon 1 with exons 3 and 4 encodes MeCP2-e1 or MeCP2-e2 protein isoforms with unique amino termini. While most MECP2 mutations are located in exons 3 and 4 thus affecting both isoforms, MECP2 e...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt640
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::PLEKHA7, a gene recently associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), encodes an apical junctional protein expressed in components of the blood aqueous barrier (BAB). We found that PLEKHA7 is down-regulated in lens epithelial cells and in iris tissue of PACG patients. PLEKHA7 expression also correlated with ...
journal_title:Human molecular genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/hmg/ddx292
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00