Abstract:
:Serious hepatotoxicity is uncommon with the proper therapeutic use of non-narcotic analgesics but experience with new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is limited. Drugs such as ibufenac, fenclofenac and benoxaprofen were withdrawn from the market because of hepatotoxicity, and liver damage has been reported on occasion with virtually all non-narcotic analgesics. However, a clear pattern of toxicity with characteristic clinical, biochemical and histopathological abnormalities has emerged with relatively few. With the exception of acute hepatic necrosis following overdosage of paracetamol, little is known of the mechanisms of liver injury induced by non-narcotic analgesics. Involvement of the liver in a generalised drug reaction does not imply specific hepatotoxicity. About 50% of patients given aspirin regularly in anti-inflammatory doses develop mild, dose-dependent reversible liver damage as shown by elevation of the plasma aminotransferase activity. Liver damage is more severe in a small minority and it may rarely be complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and encephalopathy with a fatal outcome. There have also been isolated reports of chronic active hepatitis associated with the use of salicylates. Salicylate hepatitis has been reported most often in young females with connective tissue diseases. Many patients with Reye's syndrome have been given aspirin during the prodromal phase, and this serious condition closely resembles subacute salicylate intoxication in children. Salicylate probably has a causal or contributory role in Reye's syndrome, but many refuse to accept this and the issue is the subject of heated debate. Paracetamol in overdosage causes acute hepatic necrosis, and liver damage has been attributed to its therapeutic use. However, most reports have involved chronic alcoholics who took excessive doses and in these patients the clinical, biochemical and pathological findings were typical of paracetamol overdosage. Many authors have failed to make the distinction between therapeutic use and a therapeutic dose. In other cases liver damage could have been caused by exposure to other agents, viral infection or naturally occurring liver disease. If these cases are excluded, there are very few reports of liver damage associated with the proper therapeutic use of paracetamol. In some cases, the picture resembled chronic active hepatitis but no causal relationship has been established between this condition and paracetamol use. Paracetamol does not cause deterioration in liver function in patients with chronic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Prescott LFdoi
10.2165/00003495-198600324-00010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
129-47eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950journal_volume
32 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::The successful identification of a range of leukaemia-specific and lymphoma-specific antigens in recent years has stimulated efforts to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies. A number of clinical trials have established the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination against tumour antigens, although there are limit...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11593270-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::For many years now a treatment mitigating the debilitating effects of jet lag has been sought. Rapid travel across time zones leads, in most people, to temporary symptoms, in particular poor sleep, daytime alertness and poor performance. Mis-timed circadian rhythms are considered to be the main factor underlying jet-l...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Candesartan cilexetil is converted to the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The selective and competitive binding of candesartan to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor prevents binding of angiotensin II, a key mediator in the renin-angiot...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262080-00016
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 2 decades, progressive improvements in the results of organ transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with end-stage organ disease have been achieved due to greater insight into the immunobiology of graft rejection and better measures for surgical and medical management. It is now known that T...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199754040-00003
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hirsuties and androgenic alopecia are the patterns of hair growth in women which develop in a similar manner to that normally seen in men. This process is mediated by androgens. It may be due to increased hormone production or increased target organ sensitivity. The majority of patients with hirsuties may be adequatel...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198835010-00005
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of medications that target specific proinflammatory cytokines has revolutionized the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The agents that antagonize the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -- infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab -- have consistently shown very good efficacy for...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868050-00003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flecainide is a Class I antiarrhythmic drug of the local anaesthetic type. It can be given either intravenously or orally and its pharmacokinetic properties allow relatively long (12 hours) dosing intervals with oral administration. In several open and a few controlled therapeutic trials, orally administered flecainid...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198529010-00001
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most important aspect of modern management of acute diarrhoeal illness in children is that of oral rehydration therapy, and drug therapy is very rarely indicated. Despite the dramatic decline in mortality and morbidity in recent years, there is still the need for continuing education in the appropriate use of oral...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199244010-00005
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of estrogen in depression. Estrogen can modulate neurotransmitter turnover, enhancing the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and it is involved in the regulation of serotonin receptor number and function. Across the female reproductive life, fluctuati...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11635960-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::For patients with superficial bladder tumours intravesical treatment or prophylaxis with thiotepa, doxorubicin, mitomycin C or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin has added a useful dimension to management, although the precise indications for each regimen remain to be better defined. For patients with metastatic bladder cancer ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198938020-00009
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is higher in pregnant patients than in non-pregnant patients. The incidence of thrombosis in all pregnancies is reported to be between 0.05 and 1%, and an incidence as high as 3% may be present in women after caesarean section. Anticoagulant med...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262030-00004
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clascoterone (Winlevi®) is an androgen receptor inhibitor being developed as a topical cream and solution by Cassiopea (a spin-out company of Cosmo Pharmaceuticals) for the treatment of androgen-dependent skin disorders, including androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris. Although the exact mechanism of action of clasc...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01417-6
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increases in cancer diagnosis have tremendous negative impacts on patients and their families, and major societal and economic costs. The beneficial effect of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor suppression comes with major unwanted side effects such as weight and hair loss, nausea and vomiting, and neuropathic pain. Che...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01132-x
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combines an angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker with a thiazide diuretic to produce additive blood pressure reductions without major effects on heart rate. HCTZ did not significantly alter valsartan pharmacokinetics; during combination therapy, HCTZ pharmacokinetics differed from t...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199957050-00008
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients frequently come to the emergency department for pain. For decades, ketamine has been used in the emergency department for procedural sedation but is now receiving attention as a potential alternative to opioids because of its unique analgesic effects. Additionally, ketamine's dissociative properties have made...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0904-8
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabeprazole is an inhibitor of the gastric proton pump. It causes dose-dependent inhibition of acid secretion and has a more rapid onset of action than omeprazole. Duodenal ulcers healed faster after treatment with rabeprazole 20 or 40 mg/day than placebo or ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily and at a generally similar r...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199958040-00014
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeted against the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα). It was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. (previously ImClone Systems) after PDGFRα was identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. Olaratumab act...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0680-2
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 15% of patients with ulcerative colitis will experience a severe episode requiring hospitalization. Although intravenous corticosteroids are the current first-line therapy for these patients, about 30% of patients do not respond to corticosteroids and require either an alternative anti-inflammatory agent...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868090-00001
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the intervening years since metoprolol was first reviewed in the Journal (1977), it has become widely used in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and angina pectoris. Although much data have accumulated, its precise mechanisms of action in these diseases remain largely uncertain. Optimum treatment of...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198631050-00002
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Almotriptan is a selective serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist ('triptan'). Its efficacy and tolerability have been assessed in a number of randomised, controlled trials in over 4800 adults with moderate or severe attacks of migraine. Oral almotriptan has a rapid onset of action (significant headache reli...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262020-00010
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ROS1 gene rearrangements exist in 1-2% of non-small cell lung cancers, typically occurring in younger, never or light smokers with adenocarcinoma. ROS1 gene fusions are potent oncogenic drivers, the presence of which results in the susceptibility of tumours to ROS1-targeted therapy. Crizotinib was the first tyrosine k...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01164-3
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza vaccines form the mainstay of public health and personal protection against infection with seasonal influenza viruses. These vaccines are designed to protect people against infection with the currently circulating influenza viruses. Since the late 1970s, this has required the use of a trivalent vaccine consi...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11641110-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::The original article has been corrected. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01280-5
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulbactam is a semisynthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor which when combined with certain beta-lactam antibacterials extends their activity against bacteria that are normally resistant to the antibiotic due to production of beta-lactamases. In combination with ampicillin it extends the antibacterial activity of ampicilli...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198733060-00003
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune checkpoint inhibition of programmed-death receptor 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) has become a standard in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, either as monotherapy or in combination. Recently, it could be shown that immunotherapy works as consolidation after chemoradiotherapy in locally adv...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01222-w
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy has made considerable progress during the last decade, due to improved knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of individual drugs, acquisition of new information on the factors affecting response and need for drug treatment, and development of promising new agents. Once a clin...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00004
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lipid-modifying profile of bezafibrate is characterised by marked decreases in elevated triglyceride levels, increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decreases in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Bezafibrate also reduces elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199652050-00008
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. The drug has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than the older fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin) and shows good activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, atypical organisms and some anaerobes. Notably, gati...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262010-00007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances over the past 2 decades in our understanding of the biology of panic disorder have paralleled a remarkable increase in the development of new pharmacological agents with antipanic effects. Although we can not presently use biological tests to help with our choice of therapeutic agent for individual patients, ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549030-00002
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administration of unopposed postmenopausal estrogen therapy protects against coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. This is mediated, in part, through beneficial effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Fewer data are available with regard to CHD risk reduction when a progesterone is required in addition to estrog...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199400472-00005
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00