Abstract:
:Current phytotoxicity plant test protocols for US pesticide registration require testing for effects on seedling emergence and early growth without regard to other important factors, such as plant reproduction. Yield and quality reduction can have significant economic and ecological effects. Therefore, field trials were conducted to determine if potato (Solanum tubersum L.) vegetative growth and tuber yield and quality were affected by herbicides at below recommended field rates. Potatoes were grown in fields at the Oregon State University Horticulture Farm with herbicides applied at below recommended field application rates 14 d after emergence (DAE) or at 28 DAE. Plant height was measured before and 14 d after application. Visual foliar injury was rated 14 d after application, and tuber yield and quality parameters were measured at harvest (120 DAE). Some tubers were grown in the greenhouse the following year to determine if there were carry-over effects. Potato vegetation and tuber yield quality were generally more affected by herbicides applied at 14 DAE than at 28 DAE. Tuber yield and quality parameters were more affected by lower herbicide rates than were plant height or injury. There were significant yield losses caused by low rates of sulfometuron methyl and imazapyr and, to a lesser extent, with glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl. Bromoxynil and MCPA ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic) acid had little effect on the plants. Vegetative responses did not accurately predict yield and quality responses of tubers; therefore, reproductive responses should be considered in phytotoxicity test protocols for pesticide registration in the USA.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Pfleeger T,Olszyk D,Plocher M,Yilma Sdoi
10.2134/jeq2007.0376subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-23 00:00:00pages
2070-82issue
6eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537pii
37/6/2070journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Phosphorus (P) budgets for large watersheds are often used to predict trends in riverine P export. To test such predictions, we calculated annual P budgets for 1975-1995 for soils of the Maumee and Sandusky watersheds of northwestern Ohio and compared them with riverine P export from these watersheds. Phosphorus input...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.9600
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of phosphorus (P) from land to water is detrimental to surface water quality in many parts of New Zealand and Australia. Farming, especially pasture-based dairying, can be a source of P loss, but preventing it requires a range of fully costed strategies because little or no subsidies are available and the eff...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0041
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Land treatment of municipal wastewater effluent is a proven method for augmenting freshwater resources and avoiding direct nutrient discharges to surface waters. We assessed changes in soil test phosphorus (P) of the Ap horizon of cropped fields continuously irrigated for 26 yr with secondary effluent from the Penn St...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0215
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with open (treeless) pasture systems, silvopastoral agroforestry systems that integrate trees into pasture production systems are likely to enhance soil carbon (C) sequestration in deeper soil layers. To test this hypothesis, total soil C contents at six soil depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-50, 50-75, and 75-125...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0509
更新日期:2008-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Animal manure contains partially digested feed fiber and grains where phosphorus (P) is bound in organic compounds that include myo-inositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytic acid (IP6). Information is needed on the effects of other (non-IP6) organic ligands (LIGND) on the enzymatic dephosphorylation o...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of sulfonamide antimicrobial agents with smectite clay minerals and humic acid (HA)-clay complexes was investigated in batch experiments to assess the influence of adsorbed humic acid on sulfonamide sorption. Soil HA-clay complexes were produced at HA:clay ratios of 1:5, 1:50, and 1:100 (w/w). Vibratio...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0274
更新日期:2009-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides are responsible for nearly 1900 water quality impairments in the United States. Impacts of pesticide runoff on aquatic ecosystems can be mitigated by implementing management practices such as constructed wetlands, grass buffers, and vegetated ditches. A new practice currently being examined is the use of ri...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2018.04.0154
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Riparian wetlands have been shown to be effective "sinks" for nitrate N (NO3-), minimizing the downstream export of N to streams and coastal water bodies. However, the vast majority of riparian denitrification research has been in agricultural and forested watersheds, with relatively little work on riparian wetland fu...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0335
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms,...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0145
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nitrates (NO(3)-N) lost through subsurface drainage in the Midwest often exceed concentrations that cause deleterious effects on the receiving streams and lead to hypoxic conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The use of drainage and water quality models along with observed data analysis may provide new insigh...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0466
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurately capturing dynamic soil response to disturbance effects in agroecosystem models remains elusive, thereby limiting projections of climate change mitigation potential. Perennial grasses cultivated in zero-tillage management systems hold promise as sustainable agroecosystems. High-yielding tropical C grasses of...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.07.0280
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although many studies have pointed out the various controlling factors of sediment and nutrient delivery on a plot or watershed scale, little is known on the spatial variability of sediment and nutrient delivery on a regional scale. This study was conducted to reveal regional variations in sediment-associated nutrient...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.8700
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Man has land-applied societal nonhazardous wastes for centuries as a means of disposal and to improve the soil via the recycling of nutrients and the addition of organic matter. Nonhazardous wastes include a vast array of materials, including manures, biosolids, composts, wastewater effluents, food-processing wastes, ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine whether tree rings can be used to detect or assess local historical 90Sr or 137Cs fallout, such as that resulting from the Hiroshima atomic bomb, radial distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in trees was examined. We studied a gymnosperm [Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don] and an angiosperm (Japa...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.2001
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing nitrogen (N) catch crops can reduce NO(3)-N leaching after cultivating cereals. The objective of this study was to relate NO(3)-N leaching to variation in the uptake of N and the size and distribution of the root systems of different catch crops species. In a 3-yr lysimeter experiment, phacelia (Phacelia tanac...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0306
更新日期:2010-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Decay rates are central parameters in modeling pesticide fate and transport in the environment. Pesticide decay is usually modeled as a first-order process, and variations in half-life can have significant impacts on model predictions. Decay rates for the foliage and thatch components of turf are scarce, and most simu...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0620
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Condensed tannins can be found in various parts of many plants. Unlike lignin there has been little study of their fate as they enter the soil organic matter pool and their influence on nutrient cycling, especially through their protein-binding properties. We extracted and characterized tannin-rich fractions from humu...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current vegetable production systems use polyethylene (plastic) mulch and require multiple applications of agrochemicals. During rain events, runoff from vegetable production is enhanced because 50 to 75% of the field is covered with an impervious surface. This study was conducted to quantify off-site movement of soil...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3051808x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compar...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0371
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Closed chambers used to measure soil-atmosphere exchange of trace gases including nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) generate errors due to suppression of the gas concentration gradient at the soil-atmosphere interface. A method is described here for estimating the magnitude of flux underestimation arisi...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0231
更新日期:2009-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The use of alternative N sources relative to conventional ones could mitigate soil-surface NO emissions. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of anhydrous ammonia (AA), urea, and polymer-coated urea (ESN) on NO emissions for continuous corn ( L.) production. Corn received 110 kg N ha in 2009 and 180 kg N ha in 201...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.12.0496
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) loading to surface water bodies from subsurface drainage is an environmental concern in the midwestern United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various land covers on NO₃-N loss through subsurface drainage. Land-cover treatments included (i) conventional corn...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0151
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A lysimeter trench was established at the Gardermoen delta (50 km north of Oslo, Norway) to study the flow of water and transport and degradation of aromatic jet fuel components (toluene and o-xylene) in the undisturbed unsaturated zone. Site investigations with ground-penetrating radar revealed the presence of dippin...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.1809
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) profoundly influence biophysical conditions and modify biogeochemical processes across many northern-hemisphere and alpine ecosystems. How FTCs will contribute to global processes in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems in the future is of particular importance as climate change progresses...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20053
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer is a shallow, predominantly unconfined aquifer that spans regions in southwestern British Columbia, Canada and northwestern Washington, USA. The aquifer is prone to nitrate contamination because of extensive regional agricultural practices. A 22-month ground water nitrate assessment was pe...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.7890
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur received extensive study as an input to terrestrial ecosystems from acidic deposition during the 1980s. With declining S deposition inputs across the eastern United States, there have been many studies evaluating ecosystem response, with the exception of agricultural watersheds. We used long-term (22 and 18 yr)...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.12.0613
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pollen released by urban flora-a major contributor to airborne allergen content during the pollen season-has a considerable adverse impact on human health. Using aerobiological techniques to sample and characterize airborne biological particulate matter (BPM), we can identify the main species contributing to the polle...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0075
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental assessments of golf courses and other turf systems must often rely on mathematical modeling. However, in the case of pesticide runoff, successful modeling applications are rare. Available models were developed for agricultural applications and have seen very limited testing for turf. TurfPQ is a pesticid...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3031033x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biosolids can be a source of metals and metal nanoparticles. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize the accumulation and transport of silver (Ag) in a natural soil that has received agronomically recommended rates of biosolids as fertilizer from 1994 to 2017. Total Ag concentrations were measured...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20156
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactions of heavy metals with soil are important in determining metal fates in the environment. Sorption characteristics of two heavy metals, Cd and Pb, in three tropical soils (Mollisol, Oxisol, and Ultisol) from Puerto Rico were assessed at varying metal concentrations (0 to 1.2 mM) and pH values (approximately 2 t...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00