Abstract:
PURPOSE:An ex vivo intact toe model was developed to assess two different applicator designs for iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine into the nail only or the nail and surrounding skin. METHODS:Iontophoretic permeation studies were carried out on intact cadaver toes using nail-only and nail/skin applicators with a current dose of 10 mA*min (0.5 mA for 20 min). RESULTS:Iontophoresis enhanced drug permeation and tissue loading with both applicators tested. Greater drug delivery was observed with the nail/skin applicator due to the additional terbinafine being delivered directly through the lower impedance skin area surrounding the nail. The concentration of drug loaded into the contact area of the nail with the nail-only and nail/skin applicator was ~13 and ~7 fold higher than their respective passive delivery levels but equivalent from each other in total drug mass delivered over the whole nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretically loaded nails into agar suggests that a single treatment could have a prolonged effect (>50 days). CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the ex vivo toe model was useful in assessing the functionality of the different applicator designs. These results suggest that iontophoresis can significantly enhance the delivery of drugs to both the hard and soft tissues of the toe for the treatment of onychomycosis and other nail disorders.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Nair AB,Kim HD,Davis SP,Etheredge R,Barsness M,Friden PM,Murthy SNdoi
10.1007/s11095-009-9934-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-09-01 00:00:00pages
2194-201issue
9eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
26pub_type
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1016081618149
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-01-06 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cationic liposomes are expected to be useful as nonviral vectors for gene delivery. Cationic liposomes showed cytotoxicity, and we proposed that the cytotoxicity is through apoptosis. In this study, we examined the effects of liposomal properties, such as liposomal charge, size, membrane fluidity, and PEG coati...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determination of methadone (MET) in biological fluids can serve to adjust dosages in patients suffering from cancer pain or participating in methadone maintenance programs. We developed a gas chromatographic assay using nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The method involves a single-step extraction from alkalized plasma, ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018904825958
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate influence of inflammation on metabolism and pharmacokinetics (PK) of midazolam (MDZ) and construct a semi-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict PK in mice with inflammatory disease. METHODS:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-mediated inflammation was used as a preclinica...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-06-21 00:00:00