Abstract：
:The occurrence of free and conjugated estrogens was examined in a survey of eleven sewage treatment plants (STPs) and their discharge water in the United Kingdom using grab sampling. The STPs included trickling filter with and without tertiary treatment, and activated sludge with tertiary treatment. For three activated sludge plants both influent and effluent samples were compared. For a further 8STPs only the effluent was examined. The estrone-3-sulphate, estradiol-3-sulphate and estriol-3-sulphate concentrations (up to 20 ng L(-1)) were typically 5-fold that of the respective free estrogen concentration in the effluents. This represents a substantial additional 'potential' estrogen load arriving in the receiving waters. Estrone-3-glucuronide was found at 9 ng L(-1), estradiol-3-glucuronide at 7 ng L(-1), and estriol-3-glucuronide at 32 ng L(-1) in sewage influent. Except on one occasion, no glucuronide conjugates could be found in the effluent. The results suggest in most cases glucuronide conjugates will be completely transformed in sewage treatment whilst sulphate conjugates will only be partially removed.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Kumar V,Nakada N,Yasojima M,Yamashita N,Johnson AC,Tanaka Hdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.040subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
1124-8issue
8eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(10)01347-0journal_volume
82pub_type
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