Abstract:
:Individuals with gender dysphoria often seek medical interventions, such as hormone treatment and surgery, to live as their identified gender. Cross-sex hormone therapy typically consists of various estrogen formulations which confer varying risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Currently, there is no standard practice by surgeons regarding the preoperative gender-affirming surgery (GAS) hormone regimen of male-to-female (MTF) patients to minimize thromboembolic postoperative complications. The aim of this review is to examine the current literature on VTE occurring in MTF transgender patients on cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) when undergoing various gender-affirming surgeries-facial feminization surgery (FFS), top surgery (TS), and bottom surgery (BS)-to understand how evidence-based recommendations regarding perioperative hormone regimens can be established to improve clinical outcomes. Within the past 25 years, 7 published studies have examined the incidence of VTE in MTF patients undergoing GAS procedures. Two of these articles examined MTF patients undergoing FFS, 1 article reported a patient who had undergone BS and FFS during the same hospitalization, and the remaining 4 articles investigated VTE risk in BS. Our review supports that plastic surgeons who perform GAS are divided on their preferred CSHT protocols, with some requiring patients to suspend their CSHT weeks before surgery and others allowing patients to continue CSHT through the day of surgery. Three of the 7 studies detailed a CSHT perioperative regimen which instructed patients to suspend CSHT sometime before surgery; 1 study tapered CSHT to lower levels before surgery; the remaining 3 studies did not specify a CSHT perioperative regimen. This review highlights the paucity of data failing to support that continuing CSHT through GAS elevates VTE risk. We conclude that in the absence of definitive VTE risk factors (e.g., smoking, clotting disorders, or malignancy), surgeons may engage MTF patients in joint decision-making process to determine the most optimal perioperative CSHT management plan on a case-by-case basis. Future studies are warranted to evaluate VTE risk based on patient age, type of surgery, operating time, prophylactic measures, follow-up time, and CSHT perioperative regimens.
journal_name
Ann Plast Surgjournal_title
Annals of plastic surgeryauthors
Haveles CS,Wang MM,Arjun A,Zaila KE,Lee JCdoi
10.1097/SAP.0000000000002300subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
109-114issue
1eissn
0148-7043issn
1536-3708journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human placental membranes (hPMs) have a long history in treating burns and wounds. The composition of hPMs includes structural matrix, growth factors, and neonatal cells, all of which contribute to their regenerative potential. However, most hPM products are devitalized after dehydration and irradiation. W...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001101
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular anatomy of the dorsalis pedis-first dorsal metatarsal artery was investigated with regard to its general distribution and variation. We especially focused on the status of the dorsalis pedis-first dorsal metatarsal-first plantar metatarsal arterial interconnection and the sagittal course of the first dors...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199701000-00010
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors demonstrate successful cases of stepladder dorsal metacarpal V-Y advancement and rotation-advancement flaps for reconstructing defects on the dorsum of the finger and hand. One side of the flap is designed in a multilobed shape, and each lobed flap is designed on the dorsum of adjacent fingers. These flaps...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-200201000-00007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Transverse rectus abdominus muscle flaps (TRAM) can result in significant abdominal wall donor-site morbidity. We present our experience with bilateral pedicle TRAM breast reconstruction using a double-layered polypropylene mesh fold over technique to repair the rectus fascia. METHODS:A retrospective stud...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31828569c0
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Only 38 cases of blunt traumatic rupture of the anterior abdominal wall musculature have been described in the literature to date. We describe a patient who sustained a complete transection of the right and a partial disruption of the left rectus abdominis muscle as well as multiple associated injuries secondary to bl...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198407000-00012
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Madelung disease is an uncommon disease characterized by large subcutaneous adipose masses. Mediterranean countries show higher disease incidence. We review the current concepts concerning this pathology, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Madelung disease usually affects the upper half of the body, but we ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000714
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Volume measurement is one of the most commonly used methods for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) evaluation because of its objectivity. However, volume comparison between different patients with different body types may be inappropriate because body-type difference seems to significantly affect leg volume (L...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000362
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting the apocrine glands of the axillary, groin, and mammary regions with significant physical and psychosocial sequelae. Surgical excision of the affected tissue is the criterion standard treatment. Advanced cases of axillary HS are assoc...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001658
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 30 years has seen a shift in surgical treatment of breast diseases to less invasive, more conservative treatment options. The mammotome equipment was originally introduced as a diagnostic tool, but advances in technology have extended its role to therapeutic procedures. The mammotome device (8-gauge) is inser...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000095441.40759.1f
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several techniques for vaginal reconstruction after pelvic exenteration such as myocutaneous and myoperitoneal flaps are available. However, the use of a myofascial flap has not been previously described. Thus, the objective of this article is to present our experience of vaginal reconstruction with rectus a...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001578
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perforator flaps are characterized by their thinness and the adjustable length of their vascular pedicle. The purpose of this investigation is to refine the anatomy of the perforators in the middorsoradial forearm and present our clinical experience using this free perforator flap in the reconstruction of finger d...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181d3772e
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onlay fascia-cartilage graft technique for malar or maxillary projections can be used for recontouring the middle third of the face. Covering onlay grafts with fascia achieves a smoother contour, concealing the edges in addition to obtaining a more natural anatomical look for the face. The technique has provided a...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198705000-00006
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing use of distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the mandible, the molecular mechanisms regulating new bone formation during DO remain poorly understood. The purposes of this study were (1) to establish a unique rodent model of DO capable of outlining parameters for new bone formation at the distraction ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-200211000-00012
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is an uncommon entity important in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses, particularly a unilateral mass located in the cheek. Ten cases of benign masseteric hypertrophy are reviewed, current surgical treatment is described, and the pertinent literature is summari...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198406000-00007
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current approaches for the treatment of gingival exposure are often time- and cost-consuming and/or rather invasive. We previously observed a strong correlation between the presence of gingival excess and midfacial depression and here propose an easy 1-step correction technique as a new strategy to improve g...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000735
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Island flaps supplied by the intermuscular cutaneous perforator (IMCP) from a deep vessel, such as the peroneal flap pedicled by IMCP from the peroneal vessel or the anterior tibial flap supplied by IMCP from the anterior tibial vessel, are reported to be useful in reconstructive procedures for soft-tissue defects of ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199004000-00004
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many techniques for cleft lip repair have been reported, but these techniques do not consider the contour lines of the upper lip and, in fact, destroy them. The upper lip has complicated contour lines including the vermilion free margin, vermilion border, upper lip horizontal groove (upper lip groove), philtrum (dimpl...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199109000-00008
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin E1 has been proven to be useful in the treatment of vascular diseases of the lower leg. Plastic surgeons have been aware of its usefulness in augmenting flap survival and have used it intraarterially or intravenously. We attempted to enhance the effect of prostaglandin E1 with heparin by local continuous...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199302000-00010
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Historically, dissection of the temporoparietal fascia immediately above the zygomatic arch has been avoided due to the risk of transection of the temporofrontal rami of the facial nerve. METHODS:A total of 8 fresh cadaveric hemi-faces have been dissected to investigate the relationship of the temporofronta...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318221b563
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduction gonioplasty is very popular in East Asia. However, there has been little quantitative criteria for mandibular angle classification or aesthetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative differences of mandibular angle types and determine the morphologic features of mandibular angl...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001463
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with metopic synostosis have a well-described clinical picture of trigonocephaly, often with hypotelorbitism. The craniofacial disorder itself is well recognized; however, objective prognostic factors for predicting the risk of reoperation are not well known. In 39 children with metopic synostosis, measuremen...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.SAP.0000058498.64113.11
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate of the Zyderm II, Zyplast, Vicryl, and chromic gut was histologically examined up to 1 year following subcutaneous implantation into rats. Our data demonstrated both Zyderm II and Zyplast to be inert materials without inflammatory response; there was no difference in long-term persistence between these two co...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199408000-00009
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aims to understand the degree to which ptosis is recognizable to a layperson. METHODS:Fifteen color drawings of a gender-neutral human face were created. Six faces exhibited right-sided ptosis (decreased margin reflex distance 1 and lengthened tarsal platform show) of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001524
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen patients with erythematous and/or hypertrophic scars resulting from remote surgical excision or trauma were evaluated and subsequently treated with one to two flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye (585 nm) laser treatments over a 2-month period. Clinical assessments were performed before commencement and at the end of ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199402000-00015
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Patients with necrotizing fasciitis are managed with multiple prompt, radical surgical debridements and critical care support. Debridement and reconstruction are often provided by different surgical teams. Anecdotally, single-specialty management seemed to be a more efficient management strategy. This study aim...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000173
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thickness of the upper eyelid is a bothersome condition that can be alleviated by blepharoplasty in Asians. Preseptal fat lies widely deep to the orbicularis oculi in the lower part of the upper eyelid, and the retro-orbicularis oculus fat (ROOF) pad lies in the lateral supraorbital area. We demonstrate the effect...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000263094.74682.5f
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perforator flaps are widely used in reconstructive surgery, but little is known about the hemodynamic changes within these flaps. Recently, the blood velocity in the perforator artery was shown to be higher than that at the source vessel. This study was carried out to demonstrate the effect of this increased velocity ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318145be31
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Common upper body findings after massive weight loss (MWL) include breast ptosis, projection loss, flattening, inframammary fold descent, and back rolls. Although implants address volume loss, manifestations of circumferential excess (ie, back rolls) are ignored. We review our experience with extended late...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000413
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term affects of primary breast augmentation is a topic of controversy. This case report will highlight the long-term outcome in a woman with Ivalon sponge breast implants and the reasons for explantation. The focus of the manuscript will include mammography, capsular contracture, and late hematoma. ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000227520.00124.51
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipodystrophy is a rare disease characterized by progressive disappearance of the subcutaneous fat of the upper part of the body. Accompanying abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, diabetes, nephritis, and low levels of complement are frequent. The most striking clinical features are the extremely hollow...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198203000-00018
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00