Interferon-gamma, the activated macrophage, and host defense against microbial challenge.

abstract：:Deaths and injuries related to firearms constitute a major public health problem in the United States. In response to firearm violence and other firearm-related injuries and deaths, an interdisciplinary, interprofessional group of leaders of 8 national health professional organizations and the American Bar Association...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Weinberger SE,Hoyt DB,Lawrence HC 3rd,Levin S,Henley DE,Alden ER,Wilkerson D,Benjamin GC,Hubbard WC

更新日期：2015-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To review the current knowledge about breast cancer in black women--including epidemiology, risk factors, screening practices, pathology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome--with emphasis on issues that might explain why the survival rate in this population of women is lower than that in white wome...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Moormeier J

更新日期：1996-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Disseminated candidiasis has become an important infection, particularly in immunocompromised and postoperative patients. Although serologic tests may, in some settings, facilitate a premortem diagnosis, the disease is usually diagnosed by comprehensive clinical evaluation. Detection of the relatively newly recognized...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Edwards JE Jr,Lehrer RI,Stiehm ER,Fischer TJ,Young LS

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Advice and exercise are widely recommended for subacute low back pain, but the effectiveness of these interventions is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapist-prescribed exercise, advice, or both for subacute low back pain. DESIGN:Factorial randomized, placebo-controlled tria...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Pengel LH,Refshauge KM,Maher CG,Nicholas MK,Herbert RD,McNair P

更新日期：2007-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence, cause, and characteristics of pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN:Retrospective. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 222 patients with AIDS hospitalized between January 1986 and January 1992 at the Medical University of South ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Joseph J,Strange C,Sahn SA

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several trends in medical education affect our supply of future physicians. The number of new physicians has increased so that each year there is an excess of about 6000 over the number of physicians produced per year a decade ago. Increasing numbers of women and members of minority groups are entering the profession ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Cooper JA

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine in female tennis and squash players the effect of biological age (that is, the starting age of playing relative to the age at menarche) at which tennis or squash playing was started on the difference in bone mineral content between the playing and non-playing arms. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Kannus P,Haapasalo H,Sankelo M,Sievänen H,Pasanen M,Heinonen A,Oja P,Vuori I

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Screening can detect prostate cancer at earlier, asymptomatic stages, when treatments might be more effective. PURPOSE:To update the 2002 and 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence reviews on screening and treatments for prostate cancer. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (2002 to July 2011) and the Cochrane ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Chou R,Croswell JM,Dana T,Bougatsos C,Blazina I,Fu R,Gleitsmann K,Koenig HC,Lam C,Maltz A,Rugge JB,Lin K

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare single-dose and 10-day treatment regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in women with acute dysuria, urgency, or urinary frequency. DESIGN:Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:Student health center at a major university. PATIENTS:Consecutive sample of 255 young wo...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Fihn SD,Johnson C,Roberts PL,Running K,Stamm WE

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：Description:The purpose of this guidance statement is to guide clinicians on colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. Methods:This guidance statement is derived from a critical appraisal of guidelines on screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk adults and the evidence presented in these guidelines. N...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Qaseem A,Crandall CJ,Mustafa RA,Hicks LA,Wilt TJ,Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.

更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thymectomy is standard therapy fornonthymomatousmyasthenia gravis despite the absence of randomized clinical trials (1). Myasthenia gravis is uncommonly reported in monozygous twins; disease concordance occurs in approximately one third of such identical twin pairs; and treatment for myasthenia gravis, when ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Riggs KR,Gutmann L,Riggs JE

更新日期：2011-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Forceful new demands for accountability in medicine are arising from many interested parties. To maintain professional standards, physicians need to establish which demands are desirable and which are not. We adopt a model of stratified accountability that includes three major components: the accountable parties, the ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Emanuel LL

更新日期：1996-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the cholesterol-rich very low density (VLD) lipoproteins of subjects with type III hyperlipoproteinemia are distinctively enriched in apolipoprotein E, a radial immunodiffusion assay for apolipoprotein E in whole plasma was developed. Its diagnostic usefulness was tested in randomly selected (n = 174) and hype...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Kushwaha RS,Hazzard WR,Wahl PW,Hoover JJ

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aspirin breaks the gastric mucosal barrier. We studied the effect of aspirin on this barrier, correlating changes in potential difference and ultrastructure. Mean control potential difference for seven subjects was -48 +/- 1.0 mV. Oral aspirin, 600 mg in 100 ml of saline, reduced potential difference to -39 +/- 1.4 mV...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Baskin WN,Ivey KJ,Krause WJ,Jeffrey GE,Gemmell RT

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Many prognostic models for cardiovascular risk can be used to estimate aspirin's absolute benefits, but few bleeding risk models are available to estimate its likely harms. Objective:To develop prognostic bleeding risk models among persons in whom aspirin might be considered for the primary prevention of ca...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Selak V,Jackson R,Poppe K,Wu B,Harwood M,Grey C,Pylypchuk R,Mehta S,Kerr A,Wells S

更新日期：2019-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Warfarin reduces the risk for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but increases the risk for hemorrhage. Dabigatran is a fixed-dose, oral direct thrombin inhibitor with similar or reduced rates of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with AF compared with those of war...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Freeman JV,Zhu RP,Owens DK,Garber AM,Hutton DW,Go AS,Wang PJ,Turakhia MP

更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo virologic activity of five different combination regimens of zidovudine and didanosine compared with zidovudine alone in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. DESIGN:Open-label, partially randomized, dose-ranging study. SETTING:U...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Collier AC,Coombs RW,Fischl MA,Skolnik PR,Northfelt D,Boutin P,Hooper CJ,Kaplan LD,Volberding PA,Davis LG,Henrard DR,Weller S,Corey L

更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A controlled clinical trial compared three-drug and four-drug combination chemotherapy in 109 patients with advanced small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The combination of vincristine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was significantly superior to the com...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Hansen HH,Dombernowsky P,Hansen M,Hirsch F

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise rehabilitation programs increase treadmill walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication. However, it is unknown whether patients with PAD who walk for exercise regularly have less functional decline than those with less walking activity. OBJEC...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： McDermott MM,Liu K,Ferrucci L,Criqui MH,Greenland P,Guralnik JM,Tian L,Schneider JR,Pearce WH,Tan J,Martin GJ

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：Background:A 2007 American College of Physicians guideline addressed pharmacologic options for low back pain. New evidence and medications have now become available. Purpose:To review the current evidence on systemic pharmacologic therapies for acute or chronic nonradicular or radicular low back pain. Data Sources:Ov...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Chou R,Deyo R,Friedly J,Skelly A,Weimer M,Fu R,Dana T,Kraegel P,Griffin J,Grusing S

更新日期：2017-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the tolerance and safety of oral dextran sulfate (UA001), a potent in-vitro inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. DESIGN:Unblinded, dose-escalation 8-week trial. SETTING:An AIDS outpatient cl...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Abrams DI,Kuno S,Wong R,Jeffords K,Nash M,Molaghan JB,Gorter R,Ueno R

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：DESCRIPTION:Update of the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-related disease in adults, including pregnant women. METHODS:The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on interventions for tobacco smoking cessation that are relevant to...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Siu AL,U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

更新日期：2015-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical professional codes have long prohibited physician involvement in assisting a patient's suicide. However, despite ethical and legal prohibitions, calls for the liberalization of this ban have grown in recent years. The medical profession should articulate its views on the arguments for and against changes in pu...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Snyder L,Sulmasy DP,Ethics and Human Rights Committee, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine.

更新日期：2001-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Weight loss and increased physical exercise reduce the risk for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Randomized trial evidence on the effect of these interventions on people without impaired glucose tolerance is lacking. OBJECTIVE:To examine the influence of a comprehensive intervention progr...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Davey Smith G,Bracha Y,Svendsen KH,Neaton JD,Haffner SM,Kuller LH,Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group.

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Severe aplastic anemia is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder. High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures the disease. However, it requires a suitable donor and carries the risk for graft-versus-host disease. A small pilot study demonstrated that h...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Brodsky RA,Sensenbrenner LL,Smith BD,Dorr D,Seaman PJ,Lee SM,Karp JE,Brodsky I,Jones RJ

更新日期：2001-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:No regulations govern placebo composition. The composition of placebos can influence trial outcomes and merits reporting. PURPOSE:To assess how often investigators specify the composition of placebos in randomized, placebo-controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:4 English-language general and internal medicine jou...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Golomb BA,Erickson LC,Koperski S,Sack D,Enkin M,Howick J

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：Background:High-sensitivity assays for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) are sometimes used to rapidly rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Purpose:To estimate the ability of a single hs-cTnT concentration below the limit of detection (<0.005 µg/L) and a nonischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out AMI in adults ...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Pickering JW,Than MP,Cullen L,Aldous S,Ter Avest E,Body R,Carlton EW,Collinson P,Dupuy AM,Ekelund U,Eggers KM,Florkowski CM,Freund Y,George P,Goodacre S,Greenslade JH,Jaffe AS,Lord SJ,Mokhtari A,Mueller C,Munro A

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Concierge medical practices, which advertise expanded access to care and individualized attention, collect charges both from insurance companies and directly from their patients. Some bill hundreds of dollars for one-time "executive" physicals, whereas others have patients pay annual retainer fees. Yet, virtually no d...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Stillman M

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Kidney transplantation is safe, cost-effective, and beneficial for patients with end-stage renal disease. The number of patients who can receive transplants is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Because most patients do not have a suitable living, related donor, transplant programs now rely on the u...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Waltzer WC

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with reduced left ventricular function and ventricular enlargement after myocardial infarction are at significantly greater risk for congestive heart failure and death. Nevertheless, recovery of ventricular function occurs in a significant proportion of patients after myocardial infarction, and mode...

journal_title：Annals of internal medicine

authors： Solomon SD,Glynn RJ,Greaves S,Ajani U,Rouleau JL,Menapace F,Arnold JM,Hennekens C,Pfeffer MA

更新日期：2001-03-20 00:00:00