Abstract:
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Variation in demographic parameters reflects the life-history strategies of plants in response to specific environments. We aimed to investigate the intraspecific variation in life-history traits of a clonal alpine herb, Gentiana nipponica, in various snowmelt conditions. METHODS:Individual ramets within genets accumulate leaves for 7-9 yr without shedding, and die after reproduction. We tested the physiological function of accumulated leaves for reproduction and monitored the ramet demography in early, intermediate, and late snowmelt populations over 3 yr. Then, we simulated ramet dynamics using the demographic parameters. KEY RESULTS:Old leaves had a carbon storage function, and the initiation of reproduction depended on the amount of ramet leaves. Growth and reproductive performance were highest in the population with an intermediate snowmelt period. The early snowmelt population showed short persistence periods due to restricted growth and high mortality of the ramets. The late snowmelt populations showed slow growth, but high survival rate of the ramets, in which the ramet size at reproduction was smallest and fruit formation was often suppressed by the short growing period. CONCLUSIONS:Limiting factors dictating the distribution of G. nipponica differed between the early and late snowmelt habitats. High mortality and restricted growth, because of the harsh environment, determine the distribution limit toward earlier snowmelt locations. By contrast, late snowmelt strongly limited fecundity because of the short period for fruit maturation. The difference in snowmelt time provides a clear gradient of selective forces that may promote local adaptation among neighboring populations.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Kawai Y,Kudo Gdoi
10.1002/ajb2.1186subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
1813-1823issue
11eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PREMISE OF STUDY:Sequence analyses for Pinaceae have suggested that extant genera diverged in the late Mesozoic. While the fossil record indicates that Pinaceae was highly diverse during the Cretaceous, there are few records of living genera. This description of an anatomically preserved seed cone extends the fossil re...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100568
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Climate change models for California predict a warmer, drier future, potentially resulting in shorter growing seasons. If phenotypic differences between closely related species currently distributed across a moisture and temperature gradient represent adaptations to their abiotic environment, then ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1500108
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Despite the strong influence of the frequency and distribution of vessel endings on both hydraulic safety and efficiency, detailed anatomical descriptions or measurements of these structures are generally lacking. METHODS:Here we used high-resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) to ide...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1700199
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marchantia inflexa, a dioecious thallose liverwort, is sexually dimorphic in clonal expansion traits. We used selection analyses to measure the magnitude and direction of selection on clonal fitness to uncover possible mechanisms for the maintenance of preadult sexually dimorphic characters. We planted replicates of g...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.89.4.592
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Welwitschiaceae, a family in the Gnetales, is known today from only one extant species, Welwitschia mirabilis. This species is distributed in the Namibian desert, along the western coast of southern Africa, about 10 km inland from the coast. Very little is known about the fossil record of this family. Lower Cretaceous...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.8.1294
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedling establishment is central to population maintenance for nonclonal plant species. Plants with low recruitment rates are expected to have high survival rates, and life history theory indicates there should be a single curve for the trade-off between recruitment and mortality that applies to most or all plant spe...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1147
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biogeography of plant-animal interactions is a novel topic on which many disciplines converge (e.g., reproductive biology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology). Narrative reviews have indicated that tropical columnar cacti and agaves have highly specialized pollination systems, while extratropical species have ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800392
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent discoveries of fossil reproductive structures from deposits of the Raritan Formation in New Jersey (Turonian, Upper Cretaceous, ~90 million years BP) include a previously undescribed representative of the Order Capparales. The fossils are usually charcoalified with three-dimensional structure and excellent anat...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivore damage is known to cause the premature loss of mature leaves. However, the effects of herbivory on abscission during the early stages of leaf development remain unexplored, even though herbivores frequently prefer unlignified, immature leaves. In a field experiment, we removed 50% of the tissue from leaves a...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.89.8.1197
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microscopic structures (petrofilaments) may develop during palynological laboratory processing procedures that are superficially similar to secondary wall thickenings and elaters. These filaments form from angular bodies that resemble fungal spores and resin bodies. The angular bodies are a type of hydrocarbon called ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents the first broad overview of three main features of microsporogenesis (male meiosis) in angiosperms: cytokinesis (cell division), intersporal wall formation, and tetrad form. A phylogenetic comparative approach was used to test for correlated evolution among these characters and to make hypotheses a...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800110
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wood, or secondary xylem, is composed mostly of three components-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Yet this apparent simplicity is deceiving because the sophisticated arrangement of the components on various structural levels, ranging from intricate molecular architecture to defined cellular arrangements to tissu...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.10.1433
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The utility of regression and correspondence models for deducing climate from leaf physiognomy was evaluated by the comparative application of different predictive models to the same three leaf assemblages. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and growing season precipitation (GSP) were esti...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the effects of density, genotype, and their interaction on individual seed mass in Raphanus sativus L., we replicated maternal and paternal families of seed across two planting densities in an experimental garden. Seeds were produced by a nested breeding design performed in the greenhouse. Among garden-ra...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13715.x
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terrestrial plant leaves are complex structures of composite materials. Resistance to fracture is achieved by a number of mechanisms, which operate at the molecular, cell, tissue, and structural levels. Leaves of dicots have different venation patterns and cell wall volume fractions from those of grasses, and conseque...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.10.1531
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Spiny pollen has evolved independently in multiple entomophilous lineages. Sexual selection may act on exine traits that facilitate male mating success by influencing the transfer of pollen from the anther to the body of the pollinator, while natural selection acts to increase pollen survival. We postulated tha...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1428
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were developed for the dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Cornaceae), a Tertiary relict currently endemic to China, to investigate its population genetics and phylogeography. METHODS AND RESULTS:Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol,...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100414
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The boreotropical flora concept suggests that relictual tropical disjunctions between Asia and the Americas are a result of the expansion of the circumboreal tropical flora from the middle to the close of the Eocene. Subsequently, temperate species diverged at high latitudes and migrated to other continents. To test t...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the genus Cerastium were studied using sequences of three noncoding plastid DNA regions (trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer, and psbA-trnH spacer). A total of 57 Cerastium taxa was analyzed using two species of the putative sister genus Stellaria as outgroups. Maximum parsimon...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.6.943
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent surveys of seed coat morphology in Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) have demonstrated the systematic utility of such data in the subfamily and led to a revision of the supraspecific classification of Lobelia. Expanding upon these studies, we examined via scanning electron microscopy 41 seed accessions, emphasizing ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural recruitment of oaks appears to be declining throughout the northern hemisphere. Summer drought poses a potentially important barrier to oak recruitment in southern California. To evaluate this barrier, we grew evergreen Quercus agrifolia and deciduous Q. lobata from seeds near parental trees. We measured water...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800247
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Seed cone scales assigned to the genus Schizolepidopsis are widespread in Late Triassic to Cretaceous Eurasian deposits. They have been linked to the conifer family Pinaceae based on associated vegetative remains, but their exact affinities are uncertain. Recently discovered material from the Early...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1300173
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the "law of the minimum" (LM) states that plant growth is limited by a single resource at any one time, the "multiple limitation hypothesis" (MLH) proposes that optimum plant behavior results from balancing resource costs and benefits so that all resources limit plant growth simultaneously. We tested the hypot...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.90.1.143
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the hypothesis that dandelion clones (Taraxacum officinale Weber, sensu lato; Asteraceae) differ in their floral stage timing characteristics under a constant set of environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, plants representing nine different dandelion clones (identified by DNA fingerprinting)...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1828
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The classification of the genus Salix has historically been intrinsically difficult due to its propensity toward plasticity and high variation in diagnostic morphological characters. We investigated leaf epidermal characteristics, focusing on the stomatal apparatus because it may provide critical i...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100019
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pitchers of the tropical carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata are highly specialized organs for the attraction and capture of insects and absorption of nutrients from them. This study examined the structure and development of these pitchers, with particular focus on the nectaries and digestive glands. Immature pitche...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Vestigialization of traits that no longer enhance fitness is a common theme in evolution. Plants often use colorful, scented flowers to attract pollinators that mediate outcross pollination. After an evolutionary shift from outcrossing to self-fertilization, where cross-pollination is no longer nec...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1300159
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:The ecological implications of hyperaccumulation have been investigated at the organismal level, but are poorly understood at the plant community level. Questions addressed here were: Does the presence of selenium (Se) hyperaccumulators affect Se distribution and concentration in their native soil, and do hyper...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1500
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five plant communities in Western Australia, as well as selected desert and Rocky Mountain species of the western USA, were surveyed to evaluate associations among leaf structure, orientational properties, and the sunlight exposure and precipitation characteristic of each community. Selected leaf structural features h...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00