Abstract:
:Transdermal drug delivery of ionized drugs can be enhanced by iontophoresis. Drug in the ionic form, contained in some reservoir, can be "phoresed" through the skin with a small current across two electrodes, one above the reservoir and one at a distal skin location. Positive ions can be introduced from the positive pole, or negative ions from the negative pole. The design and development of iontophoretic devices are rather simple. Some of the principles of operation and the advantages/disadvantages and clinical implications associated with these devices are outlined in this review.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Tyle Pdoi
10.1023/A:1016327822325subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-12-01 00:00:00pages
318-26issue
6eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To elucidate the apical and basolateral components of the total unstirred water layer in regular permeability experiment. METHODS:A novel stirring apparatus was constructed to remove the basolateral unstirred water layer. Caco-2 cells were used as the permeability barrier both in Transwell-type and side-by-sid...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9573-8
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was aimed at developing a new active loading method to stably encapsulate staurosporine (STS), a water insoluble drug, into lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) for drug targeting to tumors. METHODS:A limited amount of DMSO was included during the active loading process to prevent precipitation and faci...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1854-4
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify and quantify, in vitro and in vivo (in humans), the charge-carrying species during transdermal iontophoresis of lidocaine hydrochloride as a function of the concentration of drug relative to that of sodium chloride in the anodal solution. METHODS:In vitro experiments in standard diffusion cells qua...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1013370529366
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Critical steps in the subcellular processing of poly(ethylene imine)/nucleic acid complexes, especially endosomal/lysosomal escape, were visualized by using living cell confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) to obtain an insight into their mechanism. METHODS:Living cell confocal microscopy was used to exami...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1014212630566
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the delivery of itraconazole (ITZ) particles to a murine lung model by nebulization. METHODS:Three ITZ formulations were prepared and characterized in the dry state using contact angle, dissolution, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunaue...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9904-6
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penetration of various compounds through shed snake skin was measured in vitro to examine the effect of lipophilicity and molecular size of a compound on permeability through this model membrane. The permeabilities were found to be controlled by the lipophilicity and the molecular size of the permeant. The smaller and...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015902308676
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that modification of release pattern of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) formulations shifts gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity of the drugs from the upper GI region to the distal intestine. METHODS:We assessed tiaprofenic acid (TA)-induced upper and lower increased GI permeabil...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018887216098
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The use of "Trojan Horse" nanocarriers for antibiotics to enhance the activity of antibiotics against susceptible and resistant bacteria is investigated. METHODS:Antibiotic carriers (CD-MAN and CD-GLU) are prepared from β-cyclodextrin grafted with sugar molecules (D-mannose and D-glucose, respectively) via azi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-016-1861-0
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There is evidence that cholesterol affects the ATPase and transport functions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To study the influence of cholesterol on P-gp in a well defined lipid environment, we reconstituted P-gp in egg phosphatidylcholine (PhC) and PhC/cholesterol proteoliposomes with negligible residual amounts o...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-007-9326-0
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To measure aggregate and particle formation in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors etanercept, adalimumab and certolizumab pegol product samples after exposure to freezing temperature conditions similar to storage conditions previously observed in patients' homes. METHODS:TNF-α inhibitors in their o...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2341-x
更新日期:2018-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The absorption of insulin across the vaginal mucosa into the systemic circulation was studied in ovariectomized rats given subsequent estrogen treatment. Blood glucose levels were determined as an indirect measure of insulin absorption, and the effect of various enhancers on the hypoglycemic response was investigated....
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015892630637
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the potential of ascorbate as a novel ligand in the preparation of pharmaceutical nanocarriers with enhanced tumor-cell specific binding and cytotoxicity. METHODS:Palmitoyl ascorbate was incorporated into liposomes at varying concentrations. A stable formulation was selected based on size and zeta ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9674-4
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study compared gene expression profiles in mouse lungs after administration of the cationic polymers polyethyleneimine (PEI) or chitosan alone or formulated with a luciferase reporter plasmid (PEI-pLuc, chitosan-pLuc). METHODS:The polymers and formulations were administered intratracheally to Balb/c mice ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9563-7
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this work was to determine whether a new modeling methodology using fuzzy logic c an predict skin permeability coefficients that are given compound descriptors that have been proven to affect percutaneous penetration. METHOD:Three fuzzy inference models were developed using subtractive clusterin...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1022273115847
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Since the absorption of ceftriaxone (CTO) in the intestine is restricted by its natural physiological characteristics, we developed a series of small synthetic compounds derived from bile acids to promote the absorption of CTO in the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS:Several bile acid derivatives were screened b...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0932-0
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Evaluate the ability of (-)-6-aminocarbovir ((-)-6AC) to improve the CNS exposure to (-)-carbovir ((-)-CBV). METHODS:Activation of (-)-6AC in vitro was assessed by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. The in vivo brain exposure to (-)-CBV was then examined in rats after iv infusions of either (-)-CBV (...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1016229624703
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to use a replicate designed trial to assess the overall, intra- and inter-subject variabilities in pharmacokinetic parameters of CGP 33101 after oral administration of tablets relative to that of powder suspended in water, and to determine the relative proportion of the intra-subje...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1023/a:1016275402723
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the different conformations of the acyloxyalkoxy-linked cyclic prodrug 1 of the model hexapeptide 2 in solution and to investigate the relationship between these solution conformations and the cellular permeability characteristics of this prodrug. METHODS:Two-dimensional Homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1016484522113
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the destruction of clinically-relevant bacteria within biofilms via the sustained release of the antibiotic tetracycline from zein-based electrospun polymeric fibrous matrices and to demonstrate the compatibility of such wound dressing matrices with human skin cells. METHODS:Zein/PCL triple laye...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1782-3
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The combination of morphine and gabapentin seems promising for the treatment of postoperative and neuropathic pain. Despite the well characterised pharmacodynamic interaction, little is known about possible pharmacokinetic interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether co-administration of the two ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-016-1988-z
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This paper aims to investigate the immunoinhibitory properties of a lymph nodes-targeting suppressive oligonucleotide (ODN) for the potential treatment of autoimmune diseases or chronic inflammation. METHODS:Synthetic suppressive ODN engineered with an albumin-binding diacyl lipid at the 5'-terminal (lipo-ODN)...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-018-2344-2
更新日期:2018-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was conducted to investigate in vivo the impact of interferon-alpha (IFN)-alpha on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in rats by studying how its administration modifies the bioavailability of digoxin, a fairly pure P-gp substrate. METHODS:Human recombinant IFN-alpha was given to rats (n = 5-7 per group...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-005-7415-5
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of the study was to evaluate organogel nanoparticles as a lipophilic vehicle to increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. Efavirenz (EFV), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II, was used as drug model. METHODS:Organogel nanoparticles loaded with EFV were formulat...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02808-w
更新日期:2020-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:SN-38, a potent chemotherapeutic drug, has not been used clinically because of its severe side effects and poor solubility. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dose and multiple injections of SN-38-loaded polymeric depots on antitumor efficacy and toxicity in vivo. METHODS:Preparation and characte...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-016-2011-4
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various carboxylic acid esters of the N-hydroxymethyl derivative of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine benzylamide, used as a peptide-like model, were prepared and their decomposition kinetics studied in aqueous solution and in human plasma solutions. These N-acyloxymethylamide derivatives were found to undergo a facile decom...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015839426229
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cisplatin, is recognized as a first line therapeutic for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cisplatin resistance is identified as the most detrimental complication during treatment and has been associated with upregulation of several genes, such as the anti-apoptotic gene survivin. In this stu...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-016-2016-z
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indomethacin microspheres based on a combination of ethylcellulose and polyethyleneglycol were prepared using the solvent evaporation process. Release profiles of ensemble and individual microspheres were measured. Both were found to follow first-order kinetics, in contrast to what was expected. This was attributed to...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015917023949
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A novel photo-activated targeted chemotherapy was developed by photochemical internalization (PCI) of glutathione-sensitive polymeric micelles incorporating camptothecin (CPT) prepared from thiolated CPT (CPT-DP) and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid) (PEG-b-P(Glu-DP)) METHODS: PEG-b-P(Glu-DP...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9712-2
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the iontophoretic delivery of ALA as a function of pH and to determine the principal mechanisms responsible for its electrotransport. METHODS:Anodal iontophoretic transport of ALA was measured as a function of its concentration and pH of the donor solution. Experiments were performed in vitro using ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011050829531
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prinomide tromethamine, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was orally administered at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg every 12 hr for 28 days to healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetic behavior of prinomide and its primary plasma metabolite displayed nonlinear characteristics, while those of free prinomide and ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018916811904
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00