Abstract:
:Using an ion-exchange-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method, the freely dissolved concentrations of C12-benzalkonium were measured in different toxicity assays, including 1) immobilization of Daphnia magna in the presence or absence of dissolved humic acid; 2) mortality of Lumbriculus variegatus in the presence or absence of a suspension of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) sediment; 3) photosystem II inhibition of green algae Chlorella vulgaris; and 4) viability of in vitro rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) in the presence or absence of serum proteins. Furthermore, the loss from chemical adsorption to the different test vessels used in these tests was also determined. The C12-benzalkonium sorption isotherms to the different sorbent phases were established as well. Our results show that the freely dissolved concentration is a better indicator of the actual exposure concentration than the nominal or total concentration in most test assays. Daphnia was the most sensitive species to C12-benzalkonium. The acute Daphnia and Lumbriculus tests both showed no enhanced toxicity from possible ingestion of sorbed C12-benzalkonium in comparison with water-only exposure, which is in accordance with the equilibrium partitioning theory. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that commonly used sorbent phases can strongly affect bioavailability and observed effect concentrations for C12-benzalkonium. Even stronger effects of decreased actual exposure concentrations resulting from sorption to test vessels, cells, and sorbent phases can be expected for more hydrophobic cationic surfactants.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Chen Y,Geurts M,Sjollema SB,Kramer NI,Hermens JL,Droge STdoi
10.1002/etc.2465subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
606-15issue
3eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Amphibian population declines have been documented worldwide and environmental contaminants are believed to contribute to some declines. Maternal transfer of bioaccumulated contaminants to offspring may be an important and overlooked mechanism of impaired reproductive success that affects amphibian populations. Mercur...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.125
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During laboratory and field studies, a fraction of contaminants in soils or sediments often is observed to be highly resistant to desorption. This desorption-resistant fraction may have significant effects on long-term fate and exposure of soil/ sediment-bound contaminants in particular, causing much reduced availabil...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-170.1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposures to either zinc or lead in contaminated sediments have been shown to induce characteristic deformities in larval chironomids. This study examined the effects of exposure to lead and zinc in combination on Chironomus tentans larvae. Proportions of mouthpart deformities in populations of larvae reared in sedime...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-512
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subject of the present study was the piscivorous common mergansers (Mergus merganser). The total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), selenium (Se) inorganic mercury (InHg; THg - MeHg), percentage of THg that is MeHg (%MeHg), molar ratios (THg:Se, MeHg:Se, InHg:Se), and their mutual relations in livers and kidneys...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2448
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbicides are commonly used in agriculture and silviculture to reduce interspecific competition among plants and thereby enhance crop growth, quality, and volume. Internationally, glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used herbicides in both of these sectors. Laboratory and mesocosm studies have demonstrate...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1956
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sublethal effects of lead (Pb) on the earthworm Eisenia fetida were evaluated in the laboratory using freshly spiked soil and soil collected from Canadian prairie skeet ranges. After a four-week exposure to soil spiked with lead acetate, earthworm neutral red retention time (NRRT). soil Pb concentrations, and eart...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-582
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present work was to study the effect of Cd2+ exposure on metallothionein (MT) induction and on the distribution of metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the terrestrial pulmonate Helix aspersa. In particular, the soluble and nonsoluble pools of the accumulated metals and their tissue distribution in uncontaminated...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-232.1
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environment Canada has developed a new 42-d sediment toxicity test method that includes a reproduction test endpoint with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Because of concerns that existing standard methodologies, whereby adults are transferred to a water-only exposure before release of their first brood at day...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3453
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One target of development and application of TiO(2) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2) ) is photochemical degradation of contaminants and photo-killing of microbes and fouling organisms. However, few ecotoxicological studies have focused on this aspect of nano-TiO(2) , specifically whether this photoreactivity might significa...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1858
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction and simultaneous dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up method was developed for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in sediment samples. Hydration with a phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and salting out with NaCl and MgSO4 facilitat...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4450
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical substances other than pesticides, drugs, and food additives are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), but the United States does not require that new substances be tested automatically for such critical properties as biodegradability. T...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contaminants have been associated with population declines of several amphibian species in California (USA). Pesticides from the Central Valley of California are transported by winds into the Sierra Nevada Mountains and precipitate into wet meadows where amphibians breed. The present study examined the chronic toxicit...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-336.1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and herbicides are important contaminants of world water systems with effects on aquatic organisms. The uptake of naphthalene, anthracene, and chrysene by gills of the bivalve mollusk Elliptio complanata was determined. Additionally, the effects of paraquat, atrazine, alachlor, ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in Bayou Bartholomew, Arkansas, USA, indicated significant relationships between the individual health of fish sampled from 13 sites and specific biochemical responses. Evaluation of several biochemical endpoints in 1994 indicated the bioavailable occurrence of either polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) co...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study assessed the effects of maternal copper or cadmium exposure in a live-bearing fish. After a 10-d exposure to background levels (control) or 0.15 μM copper or cadmium, gravid females were transferred to clean water. Once a female gave birth, the authors analyzed her newborn offspring for lipid peroxid...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2919
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Luminescent bacterium Shk1 was created for the purpose of testing and screening the toxicity of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant influent to avoid toxic shock to the wastewater treatment plant microorganisms. The toxicity of a number of organic compounds was tested using an assay employing Shk1. Because the...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonality in biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs; polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated pesticides, and brominated flame retardants) in Arctic marine pelagic food webs was investigated in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs; average factor change in concentration ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.488
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New techniques and software have enabled ubiquitous use of structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the pharmaceutical industry and toxicological sciences. We review the status of SAR technology by using examples to underscore the advances as well as the unique technical challenges. Applying SAR involves two steps: ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1897/01-198
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment, organic enrichment, and oxygen depletion) is one of the most common sources of impairment in Clean Water Act 303(d)-listed waters in the United States. Although eutrophication can eventually cause adverse effects to the benthos, it may be difficult to diagnose. Sediment organ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.414
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive studies of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in birds, molecular effects on birds are poorly characterized. To improve our understanding of toxicity pathways and identify novel indicators of avian exposure to Hg, the authors investigated genomic changes, glutathione status, and oxidative status indicator...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1985
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cucurbita pepo spp pepo (zucchini) is known as an exceptional weathered dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) accumulator, whereas Cucurbita pepo ssp ovifera (squash) is termed a nonaccumulator. Experiments were conducted with hybridized zucchini and squash to assess the inheritance pattern of DDX (the sum of p,p'-di...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1887
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freshwater organisms are increasingly exposed to combinations of stressors. However, because it is time-consuming and costly, research on the interaction of stressors, such as compound toxicity and global warming on vertebrates, is scarce. Studies on multigenerational effects of these combined stressors are almost non...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4182
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of intersex fish in a number of European rivers has been attributed to exposure to estrogenic chemicals present in sewage treatment work (STW) effluents. To further understand the environmental fate of these contaminants, the estrogenic activity of effluents, water, and sediments were investigated both ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-41
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Chemical Industry's aquatic research program for endocrine disrupters includes the development of an in vivo juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) screening assay. Working within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD, Paris, France) tiered approach to endocrine disrupte...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. The solid vapor pressures of BDE 15 and BDE 209 were determined by using the Knudsen effusion method, and the values measured extrapolated to 298.15 K are 3.12 × 10(-3) and 9.02 × 10(-13) Pa, respectively. The enthalpie...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.621
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of exposure-water pH on chemical uptake at rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills were investigated for nine weakly acidic, chlorinated phenols with different ionization constants and hydrophobicities and for a moderately hydrophobic, nonionizable reference chemical (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene). Uptake rates fo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-359r.1
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of sensitive, biologically based indicators of contaminant exposure (i.e., biomarkers) is an ongoing topic of research. These indicators have been proposed as a first-tier method of identifying contaminant exposure. The primary objective of this research was to implement a biomarker-based method of exp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-137r.1
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic bioassays were used to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of copper chloride and tributyltin chloride on mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos, a pelagic life stage often found in the surface microlayer where anthropogenic contaminants can accumulate. Acute bioassay testing determined the me...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-369.1
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large areas and can collect contaminants from the environment. The primary obje...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3273
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amphipod Hyalella azteca is commonly used as a model for determining safe concentrations of contaminants in freshwaters. The authors sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for representatives of 38 populations of this species complex from US and Canadian toxicology research laborator...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2355
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00