Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:We evaluated the potential of Cryptosporidium spp. for intentional transmission as a terrorist tactic in asymmetric conflicts in terms of the recognised optimum conditions for biological warfare. METHODS:Published and widely accepted criteria regarding the optimum conditions for the success of biological warfare based on experience from passive biological warfare research were applied to hypothetical intentional Cryptosporidium spp. transmission. RESULT:The feasibility of the use of Cryptosporidium spp. transmission for terrorist purposes was established. Particularly on tropical deployments with poor hygiene conditions, such attacks might have a good chance of remaining undetected as a deliberate terrorist attack. CONCLUSIONS:Intentional transmission should be suspected in cases of sudden outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, particularly where adequate food and drinking water hygiene precautions are being enforced. Appropriate diagnostic procedures should be available so that the diagnosis is not missed.
journal_name
J R Army Med Corpsjournal_title
Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corpsauthors
Hagen RM,Loderstaedt U,Frickmann Hdoi
10.1136/jramc-2013-000186subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
289-94issue
4eissn
0035-8665issn
2052-0468pii
jramc-2013-000186journal_volume
160pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of military adventurous training (AT) is "to develop, through authorised challenging pursuits and within an outdoor environment, leadership and the qualities necessary to enhance the performance of military personnel during peace and war". An increasing amount of effort is being applied by all three services t...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-158-02-08
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been stated that the application of a pre-hospital tourniquet could prevent 7% of combat deaths, however their widespread use has been questioned due to the potential risk from prolonged ischaemia. We reviewed members of the UK Armed Forces who sustained severe limb-threatening injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan,...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000648
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Infectious diseases are a frequent cause of morbidity among British troops. The aim of this paper is to describe the spectrum of infectious diseases seen when UK service personnel are evacuated for definitive care to the Role 4 Medical Treatment Facility based at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital. METHOD:A r...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2017-000815
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-154-04-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000756
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2013-000026
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive cases of orchidopexy performed at the British Military Hospital Munster between 1984 and 1988 showed that the average of referral for orchidopexy was 4 years 7 months and that the average age at surgery for mal/un-descended testes was 5 years exactly. Sixty-four percent of al...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-136-01-08
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-135-02-04
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-139-03-06
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-158-04-21
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-137-03-05
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multi disciplinary team furthered the collaborative study of acute encephalitis in southeastern Nepal during a major epidemic which occurred in the monsoon period of 1986. Viral studies of serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) confirmed Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) as the causative agent. Analysis of epidemiolog...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-137-01-03
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is a record of the UK Defence Medical Services (DMS) contribution to the UK response to the Ebola crisis in West Africa from the start of planning in July 2014 to the closure of the Ministry of Defence Ebola Virus Disease Treatment Unit at the end of June 2015. The context and wider UK government decisions ...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-154-01-05
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-143-03-03
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 2015, the Australian Army commissioned a systematic review to assess the evidence on effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and biotechnological products for cognitive enhancement specifically in Army personnel. METHODS:Searches for studies examining biotechnological and pharmacological products i...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000752
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-146-01-05
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-152-03-05
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000464
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-154-01-15
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydatid disease of the liver is highly prevalent in oriental countries including Turkey, in which their population live mostly in rural areas. The outcome of surgical methods used in the management of a cystic cavity in patients with hepatic hydatid disease was evaluated. Three hundred and forty consecutive patients w...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-144-03-04
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00