An evaluation of the potential use of Cryptosporidium species as agents for deliberate release.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:We evaluated the potential of Cryptosporidium spp. for intentional transmission as a terrorist tactic in asymmetric conflicts in terms of the recognised optimum conditions for biological warfare. METHODS:Published and widely accepted criteria regarding the optimum conditions for the success of biological warfare based on experience from passive biological warfare research were applied to hypothetical intentional Cryptosporidium spp. transmission. RESULT:The feasibility of the use of Cryptosporidium spp. transmission for terrorist purposes was established. Particularly on tropical deployments with poor hygiene conditions, such attacks might have a good chance of remaining undetected as a deliberate terrorist attack. CONCLUSIONS:Intentional transmission should be suspected in cases of sudden outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, particularly where adequate food and drinking water hygiene precautions are being enforced. Appropriate diagnostic procedures should be available so that the diagnosis is not missed.

journal_name

J R Army Med Corps

authors

Hagen RM,Loderstaedt U,Frickmann H

doi

10.1136/jramc-2013-000186

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-12-01 00:00:00

pages

289-94

issue

4

eissn

0035-8665

issn

2052-0468

pii

jramc-2013-000186

journal_volume

160

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Can adventurous training have a role in improving clinical outcomes?

    abstract::The aim of military adventurous training (AT) is "to develop, through authorised challenging pursuits and within an outdoor environment, leadership and the qualities necessary to enhance the performance of military personnel during peace and war". An increasing amount of effort is being applied by all three services t...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-158-02-08

    authors: Mellor A,Jackson S,Hardern R

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Limb complications following pre-hospital tourniquet use.

    abstract::It has been stated that the application of a pre-hospital tourniquet could prevent 7% of combat deaths, however their widespread use has been questioned due to the potential risk from prolonged ischaemia. We reviewed members of the UK Armed Forces who sustained severe limb-threatening injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan,...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-155-03-06

    authors: Clasper JC,Brown KV,Hill P

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Lessons learned from early rehabilitation of complex trauma at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine.

    abstract::During the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, substantial numbers of service personnel survived devastating injuries, presenting significant challenges for early rehabilitation at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. Royal Centre for Defence Medicine personnel augmented NHS therapy provision, gaining significan...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000648

    authors: Pope S,Vickerstaff AL,Wareham AP

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • UK Role 4 military infectious diseases and tropical medicine cases in 2005-2013.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Infectious diseases are a frequent cause of morbidity among British troops. The aim of this paper is to describe the spectrum of infectious diseases seen when UK service personnel are evacuated for definitive care to the Role 4 Medical Treatment Facility based at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital. METHOD:A r...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2017-000815

    authors: Burns DS,Riley MR,Mason A,Bailey MS

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Phytophotodermatitis after gardening.

    abstract::Phytophotodermatitis, otherwise known as 'Strimmer's Rash' is an unusual cause of a widespread rash. We present a case of phytophotodermatitis, which was initially misdiagnosed as chickenpox; the correct diagnosis was made after further careful history taking and illustrates the importance of taking a thorough history...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-154-04-08

    authors: Wild G

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship between 1.5-mile run time, injury risk and training outcome in British Army recruits.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:1.5-mile run time, as a surrogate measure of aerobic fitness, is associated with musculoskeletal injury (MSI) risk in military recruits. This study aimed to determine if 1.5-mile run times can predict injury risk and attrition rates from phase 1 (initial) training and determine if a link exists between phase...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000756

    authors: Hall LJ

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • The development and introduction of ballistic protection of the external genitalia and perineum.

    abstract::In response to an Urgent Operational Requirement, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) investigated, designed, developed, trialled and subsequently fielded a Tiered Pelvic Protection System to service personnel deployed on Operation HERRICK in Afghanistan. An Urgent Statement of User Requirement (USUR) was drafted in orde...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2013-000026

    authors: Lewis EA,Pigott MA,Randall A,Hepper AE

    更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00

  • Orchidopexy in a military hospital.

    abstract::A retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive cases of orchidopexy performed at the British Military Hospital Munster between 1984 and 1988 showed that the average of referral for orchidopexy was 4 years 7 months and that the average age at surgery for mal/un-descended testes was 5 years exactly. Sixty-four percent of al...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-136-01-08

    authors: Corner NB,Bissett RJ,Hull JB,Roberts P

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • Bioterrorism: preparing for the unthinkable.

    abstract::Terrorism is not a new concept but our need to prepare for the effects of bioterrorism has achieved a particular urgency. The use of biological agents provides a new set of challenges to professional caregivers, emergency personnel and Governments. These agents are generally not readily identified through the senses, ...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/jramc-149-02-05

    authors: Alexander DA

    更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00

  • Injury severity at presentation is not associated with long-term vocational outcome in British Military brain injury.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Injury Severity Score (ISS) and GCS can be retrospective markers of injury severity, but if used by clinicians to decide on the treatment of acutely brain-injured casualties at the point of injury may potentially limit interventions on people who may ultimately survive with good functional outcomes. METHO...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2014-000393

    authors: Bahadur S,McGilloway E,Etherington J

    更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00

  • Combat "Category A" calls: evaluating the prehospital timelines in a military trauma system.

    abstract:AIM:To establish the pre-hospital timelines for seriously injured UK military casualties on OP HERRICK. POPULATION:All consecutive MERT and MERT-E mobilizations from Camp Bastion, Helmand Province, between 04 May 06 and 18 Jun 07. METHODS:Interrogation of MS Access database compiled from paper patient report forms fo...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-153-04-09

    authors: McLeod J,Hodgetts T,Mahoney P

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • General surgical training for Operation Trenton.

    abstract::The UK military commitment to United Nations operations has led to a new challenge in identifying and developing skill sets required for humanitarian operations. The last two decades have concentrated on kinetic operations, with haemorrhage control being the main driver. The austere location and prolonged evacuation t...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001142

    authors: Khan M

    更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00

  • Tourniquet use in combat trauma: UK military experience.

    abstract:AIM:To determine the prevalence of tourniquet use in combat trauma, the contribution to lives saved and the complications of their use in this environment. POPULATION:All casualties treated at UK field hospital facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan and meeting criteria for entry into UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTT...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-153-04-19

    authors: Brodie S,Hodgetts TJ,Ollerton J,McLeod J,Lambert P,Mahoney P

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological briefing, prevention or priming? or, How many psychiatrists does it take to change a mind?

    abstract::This paper is a corollary of the recent Class Action against the MoD 2003 and should be read in conjunction with Palmer 2003. As fear is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) it was examined in some detail during this case. This paper serves to amplify those deliberations. ...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/jramc-150-02-03

    authors: Palmer I

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Biophysics of impact injury to the chest and abdomen.

    abstract::The physical mechanism of blunt impact injuries to thoracic and abdominal viscera is often conveniently described simply in terms of "crush"--this is an over-simplification. Any impact to the torso does result in the rapid displacement of the body wall which may lacerate and contuse underlying viscera, but this simple...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-135-02-04

    authors: Cooper GJ,Taylor DE

    更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00

  • An inexpensive method of quality assessment in anastomosis workshops.

    abstract::A method of comparing the quality of intestinal anastomoses performed in craft workshops is described. The equipment is readily available in any hospital, inexpensive and requires no technical construction. The apparatus accurately measures the intraluminal pressure at the first sign of anastomotic leak and a method o...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-139-03-06

    authors: Royle CA,Phillips RK

    更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00

  • Sandhurst: preparation for life as a GDMO.

    abstract::The ten-week Professionally Qualified Officers (PQO) course has been running successfully for a number of years and focuses on the values of officership, leadership and command. This article compares the principals embodied in the "Sandhurst Ethos" and the General Medical Council's "Duties of a Doctor" and examines ho...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-158-04-21

    authors: Moss AS

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • A study into loss of consciousness.

    abstract::The case notes of patients admitted with loss of consciousness (LOC) to BMH Rinteln over 18 months were retrospectively studied. Forty percent of those diagnosed as epileptic were heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers. This paper audits the criteria for diagnosis and discusses its implications on the soldier's career. ...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-137-03-05

    authors: Abdul-Aziz LA,Whiteoak R

    更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00

  • Japanese encephalitis in southeastern Nepal: clinical aspects in the 1986 epidemic.

    abstract::A multi disciplinary team furthered the collaborative study of acute encephalitis in southeastern Nepal during a major epidemic which occurred in the monsoon period of 1986. Viral studies of serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) confirmed Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) as the causative agent. Analysis of epidemiolog...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-137-01-03

    authors: McCallum JD

    更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00

  • Operation GRITROCK: the Defence Medical Services' story and emerging lessons from supporting the UK response to the Ebola crisis.

    abstract::This paper is a record of the UK Defence Medical Services (DMS) contribution to the UK response to the Ebola crisis in West Africa from the start of planning in July 2014 to the closure of the Ministry of Defence Ebola Virus Disease Treatment Unit at the end of June 2015. The context and wider UK government decisions ...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000512

    authors: Bricknell M,Hodgetts T,Beaton K,McCourt A

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Forward trauma surgery in Afghanistan: lessons learnt on the modern asymmetric battlefield.

    abstract::The deployment of 16 Air Assault Brigade to Helmand Province, Afghanistan in April-October 2006 was supported by a two -surgeon Field Surgical Team (FST) embedded within a 25 bed medical facility. We report the summative operative experience of the FST in order to analyse workload, case-mix and outline future training...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-154-01-05

    authors: Tai N,Hill P,Kay A,Parker P

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Ovarian pregnancy in association with a Copper 7 intrauterine contraceptive device.

    abstract::A case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy is described which satisfies all of Spiegelberg's criteria and in the discussion the reasons for the apparent association with an intrauterine contraceptive device are examined. :A case is reported of ovarian pregnancy in a woman wearing a Copper 7 IUD for 2 years. She has 2 weeks...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-133-02-09

    authors: Johnston B

    更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00

  • The Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Course (PHEC). A TA initiative.

    abstract::The Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (PHEC) course is a 3 day course run by BASICS Education for the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Royal College of Nursing and the NHS Ambulance Service. PHEC teaches and examines the care of medical, trauma, paediatric and obstetric patients in the pre-hospital environment. 243 (...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-143-03-03

    authors: Greaves I

    更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00

  • A systematic review of performance-enhancing pharmacologicals and biotechnologies in the Army.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 2015, the Australian Army commissioned a systematic review to assess the evidence on effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and biotechnological products for cognitive enhancement specifically in Army personnel. METHODS:Searches for studies examining biotechnological and pharmacological products i...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000752

    authors: Ko H,Hunter KE,Scott AM,Ayson M,Willson ML

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00

  • Night vision goggles, human factors aspects--a questionnaire survey of helicopter aircrew.

    abstract::Night vision goggles have become an essential component of military aviation. They provide superior visual capability over unaided night vision, but there are several inherent limitations associated with human factors and systems limitations. This study used a questionnaire survey of Army helicopter aircrew to investi...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-146-01-05

    authors: Manton AG

    更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00

  • Assessing airway patency and breathing in NBC category 4R--the RG method.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Confirming airway patency and the presence of breathing has significant limitations when both the casualty and medical personnel are in NBC category 4R. In casualties with limited signs of breathing, IPE may adversely affect the efficiency of clinical assessment, and when the triage sieve is used this coul...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-152-03-05

    authors: Tong JL,Taylor A,House J,Smith JE

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Paediatric traumatic cardiac arrest: data from the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) in children is associated with a low probability of survival and poor neurological outcome in survivors. Since 2003, over 600 seriously injured local national children have been treated at deployed UK military medical treatment facilities during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflic...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000464

    authors: Hillman CM,Rickard A,Rawlins M,Smith JE

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Management of intestinal injury in deployed UK hospitals.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Definitive laparotomy (DL), with completion of all surgical tasks at first laparotomy has traditionally been the basis of surgical care of severe abdominal trauma. Damage control surgery (DCS) with a goal of physiological normalisation achieved with termination of operation before completion of anatomical ...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-157-04-04

    authors: Fries CA,Penn-Barwell J,Tai NR,Hodgetts TJ,Midwinter MJ,Bowley DM

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • An unusual case of sinusitis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is the commonest form of severe antibody deficiency. It is characterized by reduced levels of IgG (<400 mg/dL) and low IgA and/or IgM levels, recurrent bacterial infections, impaired antibody responses despite the presence of B Cells and normal or near normal T immunit...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-154-01-15

    authors: Lamb L,Richards P,Edgar JD

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Surgical management of hydatid disease of the liver: a military experience.

    abstract::Hydatid disease of the liver is highly prevalent in oriental countries including Turkey, in which their population live mostly in rural areas. The outcome of surgical methods used in the management of a cystic cavity in patients with hepatic hydatid disease was evaluated. Three hundred and forty consecutive patients w...

    journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jramc-144-03-04

    authors: Akin ML,Erenoglu C,Uncu EU,Basekim C,Batkin A

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00