Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:In 2015, the Australian Army commissioned a systematic review to assess the evidence on effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and biotechnological products for cognitive enhancement specifically in Army personnel. METHODS:Searches for studies examining biotechnological and pharmacological products in Army populations were conducted in December 2015. Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched without date or language restrictions. WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify ongoing trials. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for risk of bias using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool. Due to heterogeneity of findings, meta-analysis could not be conducted. Findings were synthesised narratively and by vote-counting method. RESULTS:Sixteen pharmacological enhancement products were evaluated in 22 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), involving 1284 personnel. Only three of the studies were published since 2010. The interventions evaluated were varied, including supplements (eg, carbohydrate), stimulants (eg, caffeine) and hormones (eg, melatonin). Generally, caffeine provided an improvement in performance compared with placebo on 5/7 reported cognitive outcomes, followed by levothyroxine (four cognitive outcomes) and prazosin (three cognitive outcomes). Performance results were mixed (finding an improvement and no effect in comparison to placebo) for caffeine and melatonin on two outcomes. No evidence was found pertaining to biotechnological products. Studies rarely reported safety outcomes (eg, adverse events and addiction). CONCLUSION:Findings from this review need to be interpreted with considerable caution. Future studies should include outcomes such as acute and long-term adverse events, and should evaluate cognitive performance using cognitive tests that are specific to the Army population.
journal_name
J R Army Med Corpsjournal_title
Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corpsauthors
Ko H,Hunter KE,Scott AM,Ayson M,Willson MLdoi
10.1136/jramc-2016-000752subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
197-206issue
3eissn
0035-8665issn
2052-0468pii
jramc-2016-000752journal_volume
164pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:2-Chloroacetophenone (CN), o-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) and oleoresin capsicum (OC) are common riot control agents. While serious systemic effects are uncommon, exposure to high concentrations may lead to severe complications and even death. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise all main...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jramc-2013-000165
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Triservice Anaesthetic Apparatus was designed around 30 years ago as a robust and highly portable anaesthesia delivery system for medical support to airborne operations and it has been the core anaesthesia system for the Defence Medical Services since then. Over this period there have been a number of equipment ch...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The deployment of 16 Air Assault Brigade to Helmand Province, Afghanistan in April-October 2006 was supported by a two -surgeon Field Surgical Team (FST) embedded within a 25 bed medical facility. We report the summative operative experience of the FST in order to analyse workload, case-mix and outline future training...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tattoo removal from the forearm often requires excision and split skin grafting. The authors propose the use of a bloodless field to facilitate accurate dermal peeling, to ensure complete removal of the pigment, and to reduce operative time. ...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::General Duty Medical Officers (GDMOs) may deploy within days of completing their Entry Officers Course thereby missing the pre-deployment training undertaken by the Regiment that they join. They can be attached to a unit that they have never worked with and it is often the first time that they have worked in isolation...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-156-01-14
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of British Military Hospitals was established between 1915 and 1918 along the estuary of the River Canche on the northern French coast. Their positions, now obliterated, can be identified from a plan of the time. With the growing realisation of the importance of bacteriology in the treatment of wound infection...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anecdotal reports of mechanical failure of morphine autojets have triggered a review of possible alternatives. Methoxyflurane is one such alternative already widely used by the Australian and New Zealand Defence Forces. The potential benefits and likely significant drawbacks of methoxyflurane are reviewed with the aim...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Using a major ethics crisis as a methodological approach to study secret science environments, part II examines the origins and organisation of the Applied Biology Committee (ABC), the first independent research ethics committee (REC) at Porton Down, Britain's biological and chemical warfare establishment since the Fi...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocarditis, simply defined as inflammation of the heart muscle, is a commonly encountered cardiac disease in primary and secondary care, both in the UK and on Operational deployments. In the UK Armed Forces, myocarditis results in deaths as well as the premature termination of military careers on medical grounds. The...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000500
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical experience of an army surgeon in a military hospital in East Nepal is discussed. The truly general nature of the work load is highlighted and the need for a broad based general training in surgery for such a task is well illustrated. A high degree of interdisciplinary cooperation was experienced and was i...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the laws of armed conflict military medics are deemed non-combatants, and as such are subject to certain protections and limitations. The non-combatant status is defined in the famous Geneva Conventions, which form the basis of the international law of armed conflict. The protections afforded to medical personne...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000732
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:1.5-mile run time, as a surrogate measure of aerobic fitness, is associated with musculoskeletal injury (MSI) risk in military recruits. This study aimed to determine if 1.5-mile run times can predict injury risk and attrition rates from phase 1 (initial) training and determine if a link exists between phase...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2016-000756
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a study to assess the effectiveness of a fluid infusion strategy currently used in the military pre-hospital environment using the patient's own body weight as an infusion device. Thirteen healthy volunteers were cannulated and 0.9% sodium chloride infused over a period of ten minutes. The volumes infused...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-153-03-06
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vast majority of casualties will only require a common sense approach to their preparation for evacuation, by asking simple questions, most problems can be identified and resolved prior to the evacuation. Ask? Are aeromed teams available to undertake this task? (Contact them). If aeromed teams are unavailable but ...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-150-01-07
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The UK military commitment to United Nations operations has led to a new challenge in identifying and developing skill sets required for humanitarian operations. The last two decades have concentrated on kinetic operations, with haemorrhage control being the main driver. The austere location and prolonged evacuation t...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001142
更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::We present a 26-year-old male British military nurse, deployed to Sierra Leone to treat patients with Ebola virus disease at the military-run Kerry Town Ebola Treatment Unit. Following exposure to chlorine gas during routine maintenance procedures, the patient had an episode of respiratory distress and briefly lost co...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2015-000501
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To determine the prevalence of tourniquet use in combat trauma, the contribution to lives saved and the complications of their use in this environment. POPULATION:All casualties treated at UK field hospital facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan and meeting criteria for entry into UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTT...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-153-04-19
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method of comparing the quality of intestinal anastomoses performed in craft workshops is described. The equipment is readily available in any hospital, inexpensive and requires no technical construction. The apparatus accurately measures the intraluminal pressure at the first sign of anastomotic leak and a method o...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-139-03-06
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy is described which satisfies all of Spiegelberg's criteria and in the discussion the reasons for the apparent association with an intrauterine contraceptive device are examined. :A case is reported of ovarian pregnancy in a woman wearing a Copper 7 IUD for 2 years. She has 2 weeks...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, many UK military personnel were killed or injured by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Insurgents sought to develop new ways of concealing and detonating IEDs, and UK forces invested significantly in finding increasingly effective methods of detecting and avoiding them....
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-156-01-04
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-151-03-07
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Night vision goggles (NVGs) are becoming an increasingly important tool in military aviation. They provide superior visual capability over unaided night vision, but any reduction in goggle performance can have a serious effect on flight safety and operational effectiveness. This study shows that the use of the ANV 20/...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-142-03-06
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified version of the J95 morbidity reporting system, called J95a, was used in the Multinational Division South West (MND SW) during Operation Resolute 2. The broad scope of the 'Other Diseases' and 'Other Injuries' event codes were reduced, with codes being added for specific areas of interest which were 'ENT Pro...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-144-01-04
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Morphine auto-injectors are issued to all British soldiers on operations in Afghanistan who deploy forward of Camp Bastion, the main British base. Previous studies have reviewed the effectiveness of various pre-hospital analgesics, but there is no record of the knowledge and confidence of the relatively me...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jramc-2013-000203
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the first period of sick leave in military patients following a traumatic battle injury, and the role of primary care. To identify if and where patients perceived difficulties. METHOD:Participants were recruited from The Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Headley Court on their second a...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews changes in the ethical challenges that have arisen in military medicine over the past four decades. This includes the degree, if any, to which providers during the Vietnam conflict have carried out what we now refer to as harsh interrogation measures in an attempt to extract information from capture...
journal_title:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001036
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00