Abstract:
:To make optimal predictions in a dynamic environment, the impact of new observations on existing beliefs-that is, the learning rate-should be guided by ongoing estimates of change and uncertainty. Theoretical work has proposed specific computational roles for various neuromodulatory systems in the control of learning rate, but empirical evidence is still sparse. The aim of the current research was to examine the role of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in learning rate regulation. First, we replicated our recent findings that the centroparietal P3 component of the EEG-an index of phasic catecholamine release in the cortex-predicts trial-to-trial variability in learning rate and mediates the effects of surprise and belief uncertainty on learning rate (Study 1, n = 17). Second, we found that pharmacological suppression of either norepinephrine or acetylcholine activity produced baseline-dependent effects on learning rate following nonobvious changes in an outcome-generating process (Study 1). Third, we identified two genes, coding for α2A receptor sensitivity (ADRA2A) and norepinephrine reuptake (NET), as promising targets for future research on the genetic basis of individual differences in learning rate (Study 2, n = 137). Our findings suggest a role for the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in belief updating and underline the importance of studying interactions between different neuromodulatory systems.
journal_name
J Cogn Neuroscijournal_title
Journal of cognitive neuroscienceauthors
Jepma M,Brown SBRE,Murphy PR,Koelewijn SC,de Vries B,van den Maagdenberg AM,Nieuwenhuis Sdoi
10.1162/jocn_a_01317subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
1803-1820issue
12eissn
0898-929Xissn
1530-8898journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::We address the connection between conceptual knowledge and cognitive control using a neural network model. This model extends a widely held theory of cognitive control [Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing model of the Stroop effect. Psy...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892906775250012
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21348
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abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to improve working memory (WM) performance in healthy individuals, suggesting its value as a means of cognitive enhancement. However, recent meta-analyses concluded that tDCS has little or no effect on WM in healthy participants. In this article, we revi...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00956
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abstract::Humans with seven or more repeats in exon III of the DRD4 gene (long DRD4 carriers) sometimes demonstrate impaired attention, as seen in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and at other times demonstrate heightened attention, as seen in addictive behavior. Although the clinical effects of DRD4 are the focus of m...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00724
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of neural activity relevant to language processing in 20-month-old infants, and to determine whether or not changes in cerebral organization occur as a function of specific changes in language development. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded a...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1993.5.3.317
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Patients with frontal lobe lesions were adminstered tests of paired-associate learning in which cue and response words are manipulated to increase interference across two study lists. In one test of paired-associate learning (AB-AC test), cue words used in one list are repeated in a second list but are associ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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doi:10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.144
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abstract::The cognitive processing of concepts, that is, abstract general ideas, has been mostly studied with language. However, other domains, such as music, can also convey concepts. Koelsch et al. [Koelsch, S., Kasper, E., Sammler, D., Schulze, K., Gunter, T., & Friederici, A. D. Music, language and meaning: Brain signatures...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21113
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892900564091
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numbers are known to be processed along the left and right intraparietal sulcus. The present study investigated hemispheric differences between the magnitude representation of small and large symbolic numbers. To this purpose, an fMRI adaptation paradigm was used, where the continuous presentation of a habituation num...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21445
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive neuroscience exploring the architecture of semantics has shown that coherent supramodal concepts are computed in the anterior temporal lobes (ATL), but it is unknown how/where modular information implemented by posterior cortices (word/object/face forms) is conveyed to the ATL hub. We investigated the semant...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01549
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological studies consistently find N400 effects of semantic incongruity in nonnative (L2) language comprehension. These N400 effects are often delayed compared with native (L1) comprehension, suggesting that semantic integration in one's second language occurs later than in one's first language. In this st...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21301
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01586
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21530
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abstract::A stimulus that suddenly appears in the corner of the eye inevitably captures our attention, and this in turn leads to faster detection of a second stimulus presented at the same position shortly thereafter. After about 250 msec, however, this effect reverses and the second stimulus is detected faster when it appears ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.4.587
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both local discourse and world knowledge are known to influence sentence processing. We investigated how these two sources of information conspire in language comprehension. Two types of critical sentences, correct and world knowledge anomalies, were preceded by either a neutral or a local context. The latter made the...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.21163
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1162/0898929054021157
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to control how we process information by remembering that which is important and forgetting that which is irrelevant is essential to maintain accurate, up-to-date memories. As such, memory success is predicated on both successful intentional encoding and successful intentional forgetting. The current study...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00310
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.25
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.441
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00058
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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abstract::Abstract Alfonso Caramazza is the David T. McLaughlin Distinguished Professor at Dartmouth College. He received the B.A. degree in psychology from McGill University in 1970 and the Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1974. He joined the Hopkins faculty in 1974 and taught there first in the Psychology Department and...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
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journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is not clear how salient distractors affect visual processing. The debate concerning the issue of whether irrelevant salient items capture spatial attention [e.g., Theeuwes, J., Atchley, P., & Kramer, A. F. On the time course of top-down and bottom-up control of visual attention. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), A...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21390
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Speech sounds are not always perceived in accordance with their acoustic-phonetic content. For example, an early and automatic process of perceptual repair, which ensures conformity of speech inputs to the listener's native language phonology, applies to individual input segments that do not exist in the native invent...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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