Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to determine the relation between ALP and specific antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS:A total of 2990 patients were included in this study. Data were collected from a major academic institution's HIV clinic using the most recent searchable values from patients' medical records. Included patients were 18 to 89 years old, had HIV, and their ALP results were available. Elevated ALP was defined as ALP >120 IU/L. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predictors of elevated ALP level. RESULTS:In our total population of 2990, 15.4% (n = 459) had elevated ALP. In the bivariate analyses, older age (≥60 years; OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.6-6.4), female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9), Other race (not African American) vs white (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.8-3.3), elevated creatinine (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.1-4.1), laboratory evidence of liver disease (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.6), CD4 count <200 cells per cubic millimeter (OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.0-3.2), hepatitis C infection (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.5), laboratory markers of bone turnover (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1), and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors use (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.15) were significantly associated with elevated ALP. Only the association with laboratory markers of bone turnover remained significant in the multivariate analysis, however. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that comorbidities and demographic variables have stronger associations with elevated ALP than specific antiretroviral therapy. Future research should be conducted to define the clinical significance of elevated ALP among patients infected with HIV.
journal_name
South Med Jjournal_title
Southern medical journalauthors
Alemu BT,Troy SB,Beydoun HA,Akpinar-Elci M,Cunningham TDdoi
10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000500subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
487-91issue
8eissn
0038-4348issn
1541-8243pii
SMJ50228journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The incidence of cocaine-induced psychosis has increased with the rise in popularity of cocaine as the recreational drug of choice. Neuroleptic agents have been used to control the hallucinations, paranoia, and hyperactivity of the acute psychotic episodes. Lithium has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agen...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198112000-00015
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::While opioids are regarded as the mainstay of chronic pain management, their use is controversial in the minds of many primary care physicians due to clinical concerns about dependence, abuse, and addiction and medicolegal concerns regarding state and federal regulatory authorities. For patients with moderate to moder...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3180f626ff
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hallmark of the clinical syndrome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The presence of schistocytes on the peripheral blood smear, elevated plasma lactic dehydrogenase, and decreased haptoglobin concentration are used as evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000136231.83564.F6
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Program directors have noted that first-year residents struggle with many of the patient care responsibilities they assume as they enter the US graduate medical education system. A national description of medical students' patient care experience in advance of graduation has not been published. We sought to ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000738
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a patient with left ventricular failure complicated by shock and impairment of right ventricular function caused by an infarct, right atrial pacing improved cardiac output. We believe right atrial pacing offers an alternative to plasma volume expansion, afterload reducing agents, and inotropic drugs. ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198103000-00030
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Any terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction will result in substantial psychological trauma and stress. Primary care and emergency clinics will likely see patients who have stress-related emotional or physical symptoms, or exacerbations of preexisting health concerns. Significant psychological and behaviora...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000054783.69453.79
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of concussions occur every year in the United States. The public interest in concussion has increased after a number of high-profile deaths in high school athletes from sports-related head trauma and in some professional athletes from chronic traumatic encephalopathy. One of the most active areas of research ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000064
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-six cases of serologically documented Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) from North Carolina are reviewed. Gastrointestinal manifestations were present in 80% of these patients. Because other common expressions of RMSF occasionally do not accompany severe gastrointestinal dysfunction, improper diagnosis and the...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-197806000-00007
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "wink" sign of nerve root cut-off seen on metrizamide-enhanced computerized tomography correlates well with compression of a lumbar nerve by a herniated disk. Seven of 46 patients had normal or equivocal myelograms, but had definite nerve root cut-off on metrizamide-enhanced CT scan. All seven patients were found ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198605000-00009
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weber-Christian disease is an uncommon disorder of unclear etiology whose unifying feature is fatty tissue inflammation. Its association with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency produces severe clinical manifestations. Although many agents have been used to treat Weber-Christian disease, current therapy is based on the poo...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198611000-00024
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of drugs can induce pulmonary disease. We report the case of a female patient who was receiving cyproterone acetate for severe hirsutism. After 4 months of cyproterone therapy, she had dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, and a restrictive ventilatory defect. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed CD8+ lymphocytosis ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199710000-00016
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient ingested a massive amount of an oral theophylline preparation and recovered. The paucity of central nervous system manifestations may have been related to the presence of fulminant diarrhea with expulsion of the tablets per rectum. ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-197808000-00027
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 54-year-old man deliberately drank a potassium-gold cyanide solution that contained approximately 1,650 mg of potassium cyanide. He survived after treatment with the Lilly antidote kit and hyperbaric oxygen. ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199408000-00010
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continent reconstruction of the lower urinary tract using the appendicovesicostomy (Mitrofanoff principle) is an excellent means of managing many patients with altered bladder function, especially those with good bladder volume and low pressure. Motivated patients unable to perform urethral catheterization because of ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199410000-00009
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a common pruritic disorder resulting from repeated rubbing and scratching. Nighttime pruritus is a common feature in LSC and may disrupt the sleep pattern. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are sleep abnormalities in patients with LSC. PATIENTS AND METHODS...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000215640.97668.3f
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) represents a clinicopathologic entity with a dismal prognosis. The associated mortality rate has been reported as high as 80%; the morbidity is also quite high. The use of various fibrinolytic agents (streptokinase, urokinase, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000170732.24324.ea
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two premature infants were infected with HIV via blood transfusions during the neonatal period. Although neither patient had serum antibody to HIV owing to severe hypogammaglobulinemia, HIV infection was confirmed by finding HIV antigen in the sera of both patients. These cases show that HIV infection can produce seve...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198904000-00005
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of unilateral primary adrenal hyperplasia, without concomitant hypokalemia, is presented. After surgical removal of the gland, a complete remission occurred. This rare condition may, in fact, be more frequent than thought as it can coexist with normokalemia. We postulate that it is probably a new phase of the t...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199406000-00017
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::All cases of surgically proven and cured primary hyperparathyroidism, over a five-year period, were reviewed for the presence of hypertension, renal and/or prerenal azotemia, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and patient symptom status. In this group of 23 patients, the prevalence of hypertension was greater than 78%...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198211000-00018
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Studies have found that some health lines and physician's offices have provided treatment advice other than "call 9-1-1 for an ambulance" to patients who present with a stroke scenario. We assessed the treatment advice given by selected pharmacies in the United States regarding stroke. METHODS:The investiga...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000262
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perinephric and prostatic abscesses may present with protean symptoms and often arise from ascending urinary tract infections. Both abscesses are often caused by uropathogens, and only on rare occasions is the etiology due to methacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Perinephric and prostatic abscesses have ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31802fff6e
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) provides an objective way for both the residency program and the resident to monitor progress. METHODS:This longitudinal descriptive study tracks the OITE performance of 16 residents from one orthopaedic surgery residency program over nine years (1997-2005). Do...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31817c0ba6
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore breast cancer beliefs among a cohort of low-income, urban, English-speaking women in Miami, Florida, who had undergone screening mammography. METHODS:Four focus groups of 34 women were conducted. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and transcripts were analyzed separately by two investigators u...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000022
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported a case of a large paraesophageal herniation with a small sliding component. Abnormal positioning of the esophagogastric junction or the necessity for mobilizing it during repair requires the addition of an antireflux procedure to the standard reduction and repair. Elective repair of a paraesophageal h...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198809000-00027
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the records of patients with cecal volvulus at three affiliated hospitals of Eastern Virginia Medical School to elucidate its incidence, patterns of presentation, and current methods of surgical management. We identified 109 patients in whom a discharge diagnosis of intestinal obstruction due to volvulus w...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cephalosporin antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for surgical prophylaxis. Within this class are considerable pharmacokinetic variations that could have significant implications. We used a computer simulation of cephalosporin serum levels to describe concentrations achieved and maintained intraoperatively...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198508000-00018
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female patient with a variety of genital tract symptoms offers a distinct challenge to the gynecologist. We report a case that on initial examination was thought to be pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). After further evaluation, our patient was found to be suffering from toxic shock syndrome, which in many ways ma...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199312000-00027
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries from sea urchins result from penetration of the calcareous spines into the skin. Local pain of several days' duration is the most common symptom, but systemic reaction from toxins found in certain species can occur. There is no uniformly accepted successful treatment other than cleansing the wound. Attempts t...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-197704000-00029
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have presented a case of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst involvement of the spleen complicated by splenic rupture. This complication is uncommon, only 19 cases having been reported. As illustrated by our case, there is a high risk of hemorrhage from a pseudocyst involving the spleen and pancreas. Immediate sur...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198807000-00025
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive bleeding from a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum is a rarely reported condition, with only two reported cases in the literature. This report describes a patient who had massive bleeding due to ulceration in the base of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, presumed to have been caused by chronic aspirin ingestion....
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199003000-00033
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00