Abstract:
:Millions of concussions occur every year in the United States. The public interest in concussion has increased after a number of high-profile deaths in high school athletes from sports-related head trauma and in some professional athletes from chronic traumatic encephalopathy. One of the most active areas of research in sports medicine during the last decade has been the evaluation and management of concussion. In this second article of a two-part series, we provide an overview of the latest scientific advances in concussion research. This overview includes an update on the pathobiological changes that occur during concussion and the results of biomechanical studies. In addition, to aid the practicing clinician, we review the literature on proven and currently studied concussion risk factors, including a history of concussion, fatigue, and age. Genetic polymorphisms and biomarkers may provide risk-prediction capability, but at present the research remains inconclusive. Diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging are promising technologies that reveal more sophisticated data about the impact of concussion on the brain. We review the existing literature on the application of these neuroimaging modalities to sports concussion. An update from the Fourth International Conference on Concussion in Sport, with highlights of new recommendations, and the presentation of the third edition of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool to evaluate acute concussion, concludes our review.
journal_name
South Med Jjournal_title
Southern medical journalauthors
Terrell TR,Cox CB,Bielak K,Casmus R,Laskowitz D,Nichols Gdoi
10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000064subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-01 00:00:00pages
126-35issue
2eissn
0038-4348issn
1541-8243pii
SMJ13211journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Malignant catatonia is a severe form of catatonia which is acute in onset, and is systemically devastating, as it is associated with fever and autonomic instability. Although rarely described in children and adolescents, malignant catatonia should feature prominently in the differential diagnosis of acute pediatric en...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b9e39c
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the results of lymphocyte karyotypes from 232 couples who had had two or more pregnancy losses (spontaneous abortions or stillbirths). Despite the use of strict criteria to correct for possible bias of ascertainment, 8% of these couples (19 of 232) had a chromosome abnormality. Six of these abnormalities w...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198812000-00014
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent pharmacologic advances in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, the disease remains incurable. Effective disease management ultimately lies in the hands of the individual patient, who must take responsibility for key health behaviors related to bone health. One behavior modification strategy tha...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-200406000-00007
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with retained laparotomy pads after laparotomy had pain, abscess formation, and bleeding, with erosion of the pad into the small bowel and colon. ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198604000-00026
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the case of an 11-year-old Bolivian boy with parotitis and aseptic meningitis to demonstrate that parainfluenza virus type 2 can cause disseminated infection in a normal child. Parainfluenza virus type 2 was isolated from nasopharyngeal and CSF specimens from the patient and was confirmed to be parainfluen...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199502000-00014
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-year prospective study during the entire course of preventive therapy with isoniazid (INH) for recently infected hospital employees was undertaken to evaluate the risk of developing INH-related hepatic injury. Results of clinical and laboratory tests at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months were correlated to ascertain the s...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-197702000-00009
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported the case of a 30-year-old woman with Cushing's disease who died of massive pulmonary thromboembolism 5 weeks after successful transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Glucocorticoid excess appears to cause a hypercoagulable state, and consideration of this thromboembolic propensity and its potential duration a...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199008000-00026
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of acute appendicitis with perforation associated with retained appendiceal barium. Abnormally retained barium may lead to appendicitis and this should be kept in mind when a barium-filled appendix is seen in an asymptomatic patient. Routine follow-up films on all patients whose appendix fills with ba...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198204000-00037
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who was thought to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for more than 13 years before Crohn's colitis was correctly diagnosed. The differentiation of Crohn's disease from SLE may be difficult, as illustrated by our case. Gastrointestinal symptoms, laboratory studies, and ra...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199510000-00018
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient presented with scrotal cellulitis as a complication of infusing 900 ml saline into his scrotum. He had obtained a kit along with explicit instructions for performing the infusion through the Internet. This practice may be more widespread than expected. An Internet search revealed many references to this proc...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000078368.00806.A7
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our objective was to assess the educational benefits of a formal pathology rotation during an obstetrics and gynecology residency program and to determine the utility of this information in clinical practice. METHODS:In this descriptive study, the benefits of a 2-month rotation in pathology for obstetrics a...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199803000-00003
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the apparent indefinite postponement of the release of chymopapain for lumbar disk disorders, it seems appropriate to review critically the proliferation of proposed methods of management of this common complaint, particularly the numerous exercise regimens which have been set forth as helpful. A critical review ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007611-197603000-00027
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is best established when there is evidence of granulomatous involvement in two or more organs. Three patients with unusual cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis, including palmar and follicular lesions, nonscarring alopecia, and widespread plaque or erythrodermic sarcoidosis, are reporte...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-197706000-00009
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug with a unique chemical configuration which enhances serotoninergic transmission by inhibiting serotonin uptake. The chronic presence of serotonin in the synaptic cleft reduces postsynaptic receptors, a postulated explanation for its antidepressant efficacy. Comparative studies show...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Documented fetal inactivity is strongly suggestive of fetal jeopardy, but the significance of excessive activity over a prolonged period has not been reported. Using data gathered from fetal movement charts recorded by 931 patients, fetal hyperactivity was defined statistically as 40 or more movements perceived per ho...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198302000-00005
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oropharyngeal function study is a videotaped radiographic examination of the oropharynx and cervical esophagus used in patients who are at major risk for aspiration because of swallowing difficulty. Preceding the radiographic evaluation, the patient is assessed clinically by a swallowing therapist who attends the ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199002000-00013
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A significant percentage of high school students participate in athletics, and of those participating, at least one third will experience a sport-related injury. Despite the high risk of injury, there are few guidelines on what type of medical coverage should be provided for high school athletics. Although v...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000199749.22741.5e
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 67 patients who had operation for perforated peptic ulcer. Operative treatment included plication with omentum (Graham closure) in 27 patients, vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 32 patients, or vagotomy and antrectomy in eight patients, depending on antecedent ulcer history, degree of contamination, and general ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198310000-00006
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on two healthy white men who sustained high-voltage electrical burns and were transferred to our regional burn center for specialized care. Within 24 hours of admission, both patients developed clinical signs and laboratory evidence of diabetes insipidus. With appropriate treatment, no sequelae occurred and ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199403000-00025
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, screening has largely failed to fulfill the hope that early detection would lead to more effective early treatment and to improved health status in the population served. The future role of screening can be much more positive but only if (1) screening is directed only at diseases and conditions for which earl...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have described the clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic features of torn aortic cusps with mitral valve fenestration in a patient with infective endocarditis. Hemodynamic studies showed left atrial pressure intermittently exceeding left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. This phenomenon corresponded with i...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198411000-00022
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this series, thorough evaluation of 250 mediastinal lesions by various diagnostic methods showed that contrast enhanced CT scans of the mediastinum were superior to other modalities in differentiation and precise localization of the various types of lesions. Such superior evaluation may have a profound effect on th...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198504000-00009
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was done to ascertain whether there was an increased incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in west Alabama, similar to that reported elsewhere within the United States. Hospital records for the previous 10 years were reviewed and 5-year intervals were compared (1980 through 1984 vs 1985 through 1989). A ...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199203000-00007
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is a tick-borne disease transmitted during the summer months in the mid-Atlantic, southeastern and south-central United States. A large proportion of patients presenting with ehrlichiosis must be hospitalized because of the severity of their presenting signs, symptoms and lab abnorma...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31804aa1ad
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been increasingly reported all over the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial CRKP infections. METHODS:We conducted a case-control study with data collected from thirty-nine patients with nosocom...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318206063d
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female patient with a variety of genital tract symptoms offers a distinct challenge to the gynecologist. We report a case that on initial examination was thought to be pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). After further evaluation, our patient was found to be suffering from toxic shock syndrome, which in many ways ma...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-199312000-00027
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initial concern about the possible effects of global warming on infections has declined with the realization that the spread of tropical diseases is likely to be limited and controllable. However, the direct effects of heat already cause substantial numbers of deaths among vulnerable people in the summer. Action to pr...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000144635.07975.66
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared personal and sexual behavior of a group of 32 young adult women who had a culture proven urinary tract infection (UTI) and a group of 28 women who had no urinary symptoms. All women were sexually active, and the two groups were similar for age, race, marital status, history of previous pregnancy, and use o...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198106000-00018
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our study aimed to investigate the association between maternal-perceived psychological stress and fetal telomere length. METHODS:We recruited women in labor upon hospital delivery admission. Based on responses to the Perceived Stress Scale, we categorized participants as having "high," "normal," or "low" pe...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000567
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal antimicrobial therapy for viridans streptococcal endocarditis remains controversial. Rifampin was bactericidal at less than 0.2 micrograms/ml for ten strains of viridans streptococci isolated from patients with endocarditis. Administration of rifampin to one endocarditis patient already receiving penicillin an...
journal_title:Southern medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007611-198308000-00005
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00