Tropical marine herbivore assimilation of phenolic-rich plants.

abstract：:Ecologists have long debated the role of predation in mediating the coexistence of prey species. Theory has mainly taken a bitrophic perspective that excludes the effects of inducible defenses at different trophic levels. However, inducible defenses could either limit or enhance the effects of predation on coexistence...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： van der Stap I,Vos M,Tollrian R,Mooij WM

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most models of parental investment in offspring assume a trade-off between propagule size and number, and an increasing "concave down" function relating offspring fitness to propagule size. In this study, we test these two fundamental assumptions, using three closely related species of crickets, Gryllus firmus, G. vel...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Carrière Y,Roff DA

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ground-nesting North American landbirds have declined in the longterm, including species with a variety of migratory strategies. The mesopredator release hypothesis explains declines by suggesting that the virtual elimination of top carnivores (large-bodied canids and felids) from much of North America has "released" ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rogers CM,Caro MJ

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the water-soluble thiol (SH) content and the osmolality of the cell sap in spruce trees of both low- and high-altitude origin that were transplanted to two test areas at different altitudes (400 m and 1700 m). There was little or no significant difference in SH content and osmotic value between trees of ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grill D,Pfeifhofer H,Tschulik A,Hellig K,Holzer K

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecological stoichiometry has advanced food web ecology by emphasising the importance of food quality over food quantity for herbivores. Here, we focus on the effects of abiotic factors such as nutrients and light (known to influence food quality) on grazer growth rates. As model organism we used the mudsnail Potamopyr...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Liess A,Lange K

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Otolith microchemistry studies indicate that growth-phase (yellow stage) anguillid eels commonly shift at irregular intervals between fresh and saline waters, but this technique has not detected regular seasonal migrations across salinity zones. We tested the ability of otolith microchemistry and stable isotope analys...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Clément M,Chiasson AG,Veinott G,Cairns DK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After a period of food deprivation, animals often respond with a period of faster than normal growth. Such responses have been suggested to result in decreased chromosomal maintenance, which in turn may affect the future fitness of an individual. Here, we present a field experiment in which a food deprivation period o...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Näslund J,Pauliny A,Blomqvist D,Johnsson JI

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few studies have evaluated elevated CO2 responses of trees in variable light despite its prevalence in forest understories and its potential importance for sapling survival. We studied two shade-tolerant species (Acer rubrum, Cornus florida) and two shade-intolerant species (Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulip...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Naumburg E,Ellsworth DS

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small changes in environmental conditions can unexpectedly tip an ecosystem from one community type to another, and these often irreversible shifts have been observed in semi-arid grasslands, freshwater lakes and ponds, coral reefs, and kelp forests. A commonly accepted explanation is that these ecosystems contain mul...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Petraitis PS,Methratta ET,Rhile EC,Vidargas NA,Dudgeon SR

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The daily course of net photosynthesis and transpiration was measured with temperature and humidity controlled cuvettes at the end of the dry summer season in the Negev Desert. Species studied included: dominant species of the natural vegetation, cultivated plants in the run-off farm Avdat and permanently irrigated pl...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Schulze ED,Lange OL,Koch W

更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) were initiated and grown either in a simulated shadelight (80 μmol m-2 s-1, R/FR ratio 0.28)/dark photoenvironment or a white light (250 μmol m-2 s-1, R/FR>1)/dark photoenvironment. Until the leaves were more than 50% expanded, growth rates (m...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Taylor G,Davies WJ

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The factors that promote ecological separation among closely related sympatric carnivores in tropical forests are poorly understood due to a paucity of field studies. Here, we report on community-wide food resource utilization patterns among eight co-existing carnivores in the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Re...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Ray J,Sunquist M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rarity of long-range seed dispersal (telechory) and commonness of antitelechory in desert plants are examined in light of contemporary mathematical theories of the evolution of dispersal and germination behaviors. Analysis of dispersal 3-habitat relationships in the flora of Israel supports the general trend towar...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Fllner S,Shmida A

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sources of variation in floral nectar production were investigated in a natural population of Epilobium canum (Onagraceae), a hummingbird-pollinated herbaceous shrub. Field measurements showed significant phenotypic variation among plants in floral nectar production rates. Average variance among flowers within plants ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Boose DL

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The photosynthetic responses of a range of trebouxioid lichens were investigated to determine whether variations in net assimilation rates shown by populations of the same species collected from different habitats could be correlated with adjustments in carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) activity. The activity of a ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Smith EC,Griffiths H

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In tropical rain forests of Central America, the canopy tree Dipteryx panamensis (Papilionaceae) fruits when overall fruit biomass is low for mammals. Flying and arboreal consumers feed on D. panamensis and drop seeds under the parent or disperse them farther away. Seeds on the ground attract many vertebrate seed-eate...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Forget PM

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Folivory results in both leaf damage and the loss of photosynthetic capacity. Leaf damage activates the production of induced defenses, but diminished photosynthetic capacity resulting from lost leaf area may impair a plant's ability to respond defensively. Because damage-induced nicotine production in Nicotiana sylve...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Baldwin IT,Schmelz EA

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Populations ofDipodomys microps andD. merriami in eastern California (37°11'N. Lat.) are active on the surface throughout the night and during the whole year. These two species, and the males and females within each species, show no significant differences in times of beginning or end of activity. Beginning and end of...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kenagy GJ

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of forest size on avian diversity was studied in oak forest patches in rural New Jersey. Number of bird species continued to increase significantly in old oak woods up through 40 ha. This was due to the progressive addition of carnivorous species with increasing minimum forest size requirements. One large w...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Forman RT,Galli AE,Leck CF

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that resource limits constrain the growth of mobile epifaunal populations associated withSargassum patens plants was investigated by placing plants and associated animals into field microcosms which excluded fish predators, and then comparing faunal abundance and size-structure changes in different mic...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Edgar GJ,Aoki M

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation may have multiple effects on both plants and animals and affect plant-herbivore interactions directly and indirectly by inducing changes in host plant quality. In this study, we examined combined effects of UV-B and herbivory on the defence of the mountain birch (Betula pubescen...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Anttila U,Julkunen-Tiitto R,Rousi M,Yang S,Rantala MJ,Ruuhola T

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on iron reduction and the mechanism of gley formation by nitrogen-fixing clostridia are reported. Up to 106 cells/g soil of anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing clostridia, capable of reducing iron (III)-oxide, were counted in samples taken from various top soils. In a gleyed subsoil as many as 105 bacteria per g soil, ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Ottow JC

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon dioxide efflux and soil microenvironmental factors were measured diurnally in Carex aquatilus-and Eriophorum angustifolium-dominated riparian tundra communities to determine the relative importance of soil environmental factors controlling ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange with the atmosphere. Measurements were...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Oberbauer SF,Gillespie CT,Cheng W,Gebauer R,Serra AS,Tenhunen JD

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of the community composition of soil microbes on ecosystem processes has received relatively little attention. Here we examined the variation in soil microbial composition in a Yellowstone National Park grassland and the effect of that variation on the growth, in a greenhouse, of the dominant grass in the c...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Frank DA,Gehring CA,Machut L,Phillips M

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Host use by herbivores is largely determined by host properties such as nutrient content and chemical defence against foragers. The impacts of these attributes on a herbivore may largely depend on its life cycle stage. Lichen species are known to differ in nutritional quality and level of chemical defence and, consequ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pöykkö H,Backor M,Bencúrová E,Molcanová V,Backorová M,Hyvärinen M

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct and interactive effects of daylength and temperature preconditioning of above- and below-ground parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Astrid' are examined in relation to net photosynthesis. Most previous work on thermal preconditioning has concentrated on the effects of a given thermal regime on entire plan...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Adams MS,Fayyaz MM

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local adaptation and population differentiation of plants are well documented, but studies on interactions with natural enemies are rare. In particular, evidence for plant adaptation to the local biotic environment, such as herbivores remains poor. We used the black mustard Brassica nigra, an annual species of river v...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bischoff A,Trémulot S

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The duration and amount of water captured on leaves and its functional significance is highly varied. Leaf surface wettability influences water absorption, gas exchange, pathogen infection, nutrient leaching, contamination by pollutants, self-cleaning properties and in freezing environments the probability of extrinsi...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Aryal B,Neuner G

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory responses of parasitoids can be variable. This was shown by olfactometer experiments with females of two sibling Asobara species, larval endoparasitoids of Drosophilidae. Oviposition experiences of adult female parasitoids significantly altered their behavioural responses in microhabitat and host location. F...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Vet LE,van Opzeeland K

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The demographic and ecological characteristics of island populations of small mammals have received increasing attention in recent years, but few studies have compared the behavioral characteristics of island populations with those of mainland populations. Behavior is considered an important variable because it is bel...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Halpin ZT

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00