Impacts of invading N2-fixing Acacia species on patterns of nutrient cycling in two Cape ecosystems: evidence from soil incubation studies and 15N natural abundance values.

abstract：:Dry lichen thalli were enclosed in gas exchange chambers and treated with an air stream of high relative humidity (96.5 to near 100%) until water potential equilibrium was reached with the surrounding air (i.e., no further increase of weight through water vapor uptake). They were then sprayed with liquid water. The tr...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Lange OL,Kilian E,Ziegler H

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that dispersal in a heterogeneous environment can be an important factor in population stability is examined. It is shown that dispersal may increase the persistence time of a population by several orders of magnitude. ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Roff DA

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental effects on parents can strongly affect the phenotype of their offspring, which alters the heritability of traits and the offspring's responses to the environment. We examined whether P limitation of the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna, alters the responses of its offspring to inadequate P nutrition. ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Frost PC,Ebert D,Larson JH,Marcus MA,Wagner ND,Zalewski A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study illustrates the ecological determinants and evolutionary consequences of dispersal in the pond-living water beetle Dineutus assimilis (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Over 2 years, local populatiopn dynamics were studied in 51 ponds within a 60-km2 study area. In most of the 31 occupied ponds, and even in large popu...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nürnberger B

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study we investigated the relationship between food availability, feeding ecology and territoriality in a population of Cactus Finches, Geospiza scandens, on Isla Daphne Major, Galápagos, between 1979 and 1981.We monitored the phenologies of the principal food types on the island and related them to changes in...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Millington SJ,Grant PR

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tendency of mammals to increase or decrease body size with respect to geography or time depends on the abundance, availability, and size of resources. This dependency accounts for a change in mass with respect to geography, including latitude (Bergmann's rule), a desert existence, and life on oceanic islands (the ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： McNab BK

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theory on intraguild (IG) predation predicts that coexistence of IG-predators and IG-prey is only possible for a limited set of parameter values, suggesting that IG-predation would not be common in nature. This is in conflict with the observation that IG-predation occurs in many natural systems. One possible explanati...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Choh Y,van der Hammen T,Sabelis MW,Janssen A

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Alaskan tussock tundra is a strongly nutrient-limited ecosystem, where almost all vascular plant species are mycorrhizal. We established a long-term removal experiment to document effects of arctic plant species on ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and to investigate whether species interactions and/or nutrient ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Urcelay C,Bret-Harte MS,Díaz S,Chapin FS 3rd

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification rates were 3-7 times greater in soil incubations from a girdled Liriodendron tulipifera (L.) stand than in a control stand. Neither litter nor root extracts had an inhibitory effect on nitrogen mineralization or nitrification rate. A lack of nitrification inhibitors also w...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Johnson DW,Edwards NT

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal diet theory often fails to predict a forager's diet choice when prey are mobile. Because they escape or defend themselves, mobile prey are likely to increase the forager's handling time, thereby decreasing its fitness gain rate. Many animals have been shown to select their prey so as to maximize either their f...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Barrette M,Wu GM,Brodeur J,Giraldeau LA,Boivin G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If the natural enemy component of biological control is functional in small mammals, then the introduciton of weasels should effectively reduce populations of deer mice and Oregon voles. Seven weasels introduced to an area of forest habitat in coastal British Columbia did not appreciably lower the abundance of mice or...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Sullivan TP,Sullivan DS

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key question in savanna ecology is how trees and grasses coexist under N limitation. We used N stable isotopes and N content to study N source partitioning across seasons from trees and associated grasses in a semi-arid savanna. We also used (15)N tracer additions to investigate possible redistribution of N by trees...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Priyadarshini KV,Prins HH,de Bie S,Heitkönig IM,Woodborne S,Gort G,Kirkman K,Fry B,de Kroon H

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of nitrogen (N) cycling have traditionally focused on N mineralization as the primary process limiting plant assimilation of N. Recent evidence has shown that plants may assimilate amino acids (AAs) directly, circumventing the mineralization pathway. However, the general abundance of soil AAs and their relativ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hofmockel KS,Fierer N,Colman BP,Jackson RB

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects on plant growth and stomatal physiology of alterations in light quantity and quality during development were investigated in the C3 monocot, Commelina communis. Reduction in light intensity resulted in decreased branching and stem elongation, with effects more severe under "neutral shade" (R:FR≥1.0) than u...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Assmann SM

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of a hard seed coat, entirely preventing absorption of water in desert species ofSida, germination is rendered impossible or difficult under laboratry conditions. This block was eliminated by high temperature pretreatments to ensure better germination. The seeds could tolerate extremely high temperatures for s...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Chawan DD

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The site of settlement of barnacles (Balanus improvisus) attached on shells of bluemussels (Mytilus edulis) was mapped from a sample of mussels collected in the Baltic Sea. Most barnacles had settled near the siphonal apertures of the mussel. An experiment was made to measure the disadvantages and advantages that livi...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Laihonen P,Furman ER

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for the ecological success of land plants, providing their hosts with nutrients in exchange for organic C. However, not all plants are mycorrhizal, especially ferns, of which about one-third of the species lack this symbiosis. Because the mycorrhizal status is evolutionarily ancestral, th...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kessler M,Güdel R,Salazar L,Homeier J,Kluge J

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change models predict that the range of the world's smallest tortoise, Homopus signatus signatus, will aridify and contract in the next decades. To evaluate the effects of annual variation in rainfall on the growth of H. s. signatus, we recorded annual growth rates of wild individuals from spring 2000 to sprin...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Loehr VJ,Hofmeyr MD,Henen BT

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On a shallow sand flat at Princess Royal Harbour near Albany, Western Australia, the brown macrophyte Hormosira banksii attaches to shells of infaunal bivalves. Hormosira occupies shells of Katelysia rhytiphora in preference to K. scalarina. We proposed and tested four hypotheses to explain this host occupation patter...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Black R,Peterson CH

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmentally controlled experiments on damping-off disease of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) caused by Pythium irregulare were used to study the effect of clumped planting patterns upon epidemic rates. In clumped stands of seedlings the rate of multiplication of disease was, in general, slower than in unclumped, e...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Burdon JJ,Chilvers GA

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among species, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) is usually related to leaf nitrogen content (N), but variation in the species-specific relationship is not well understood. To address this issue, we studied Amax-N relationships in 23 species in adjacent Amazonian communities differentially limited by nitrogen (N), phosph...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Reich PB,Walters MB,Ellsworth DS,Uhl C

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The random-mixing assumptions of many parasite-transmission models are challenged if healthy individuals can alter their behaviour to reduce their risk of infection. Some pathogens reduce the attractiveness of their hosts' excretions, for example, potentially altering contact rates and thus the predicted force of infe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hughes NK,Helsen S,Tersago K,Leirs H

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endozoochory plays a prominent role for the dispersal of seed plants, and dispersal vectors are well known. However, for taxa such as ferns and bryophytes, endozoochory has only been suggested anecdotally but never tested in controlled experiments. We fed fertile leaflets of three ferns and capsules of four bryophyte ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Boch S,Berlinger M,Fischer M,Knop E,Nentwig W,Türke M,Prati D

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the relative ability of multiple factors to explain variation in two interrelated life-history traits, interclutch interval and annual reproductive success, in feral pigeons. Seasonal influences, brood size, and female body mass and tarsus length explained significant amounts of variation in interclutch in...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Johnson SG,Johnston RF

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 9-year study of the structure of assemblages of fish on 20 coral patch reefs, based on 20 non-manipulative censuses, revealed a total of 141 species from 34 families, although 40 species accounted for over 95% of sightings of fish. The average patch reef was 8.5 m2 in surface area, and supported 125 fish of 20 speci...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Sale PF,Guy JA,Steel WJ

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：: Field phenologies of high- (ca. 1500 m) and low- (ca. 500 m) altitude populations of the two most common European species of dung flies, Scathophaga stercoraria and Sepsis cynipsea, differ quite markedly due to differences in climate. To differentiate genetic adaptation due to natural selection and phenotypic plastic...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Blanckenhorn WU

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical aspects of predation by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, on the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis, were examined. The shore crabs from the population studied utilized five distinct, largely size-related, mussel-opening techniques. Crushing the mussel umbone appeared the most successful opening method for medium...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Elner RW

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the demographic costs of Chaoborus-induced defensive spine structures in Daphnia pulex. Our aim was to assess the role of resource limitation and the interaction effects of limiting food level and antipredator structures on fitness of D. pulex and to pinpoint those life stages that are most sensitive to ch...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Walls M,Caswell H,Ketola M

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested, through field experiments and simulation models, the hypothesis that fruit-searching tephritid fruit flies adjust their within-tree search persistence according to the sequence and timing of encounters with parasitized (i.e. egg-infested) and unparasitized Crataegus sp. host fruit. In the field, we presente...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Roitberg BD,Prokopy RJ

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Alexander Archipelago wolf (Canis lupus ligoni) is unique to southeast Alaska, occurring on islands south of Frederick Sound and along the mainland between Dixon Entrance and Yakutat Bay. Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) are an important prey species for wolves across the southern part of th...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Szepanski MM,Ben-David M,Van Ballenberghe V

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00