Abstract:
:Seasonal changes in the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) activity and growth characteristics of Opuntia humifusa Raf. were examined under midwest climatic conditions. Twenty-four hour studies were done at monthly intervals for two years, with diurnal changes in transpiration, gas exchange, and titratable acidity monitored under natural conditions. CAM activity was observed only from April to September, but occurred regardless of changes in temperature or precipitation. The maximum rate of dark CO2 uptake occurred in May, while greatest acid fluctuations coincided with flowering, new growth, and high tissue water content in June. In spite of conditions favorable for CAM, acidification and rate of dark CO2 assimilation decreased progressively through September as stem water content dropped and shoot production ceased. No CAM was evident during sub-zero winter months and tissue water content decreased to only 65% (Ψ<-20 bars). Winter survival of plants in test plots was found to be affected by the amount of water received the preceding growing season; the driest group showing the lowest mortality rate.Although spring and autumn were considered periods likely to exhibit CAM, it was not observed during those months just prior to or immediately following winter (Oct. and March). Acid fluctuations were minimal with CO2 being taken up during the day and released at night, indicating some degree of flexibility in the CAM activity of Opuntia humifusa.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Koch KE,Kennedy RAdoi
10.1007/BF00540212subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-01-01 00:00:00pages
390-395issue
3eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00540212journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::The responses to drought of the solar tracking winter annualLupinus arizonicus (Wats.) were examined under field and laboratory growth regimes. Under drought conditions tracking movements were maintained until the plant reached the wilting point. The leaves and leaflets were observed to cup in response to decreases in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00572673
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing leaves that are soft, with high concentrations of resources, can be particularly vulnerable to herbivore damage. Since a developing leaf cannot be very tough, given the constraints of cell expansion, the major form of protection is likely to be chemical defence. We investigated changes in concentration of h...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0369-4
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both spatial processes and environmental control may structure metacommunities, but their relative importance may be contingent on the dispersal ability of organisms. I examined the roles of spatial and environmental factors for the structuring of littoral macroinvertebrate communities across a set of lakes in a borea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2451-4
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1997 to 1999, we monitored the reproductive success of individual rufous-crowned sparrows (Aimophila ruficeps) in coastal sage scrub habitat of southern California, USA. Annual reproductive output of this ground-nesting species varied strongly with annual variation in rainfall, attributed to the El Niño-Southern ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1040-3
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test whether the range of montane Compositae species may be restricted to higher sites because of greater herbivory levels in the lowlands, we transplanted six species, combining them in three species pairs each consisting of a rare montane and a widespread species. Individuals of all species were planted at four s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100695
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant-soil feedbacks have been widely implicated as a driver of plant community diversity, and the coexistence prediction generated by a negative plant-soil feedback can be tested using the mutual invasibility criterion: if two populations are able to invade one another, this result is consistent with stable coexisten...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3828-1
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plagiotropic plants, axillary buds on the stolon can be exposed to low red:far-red (R:FR) ratios, while the leaves may be positioned in the uppermost layer of the sward where they are exposed to a high R:FR ratio. We tested whether the light environment of unfolded leaves influences outgrowth of the axillary buds a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050263
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We document activity field temperatures, daily activity patterns, and extent of thermoregulation in four species of Liolaemus lizards inhabiting at high altitude (above 3500 m) in the Andes of northern Chile. These four species have similar activity field temperature (Tb near 29°C) despite their being distributed at d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377003
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species-habitat relationships are an important aspect of fish life history, particularly in early ontogeny. To address the lack of information on the microhabitat use/requirements of European coarse fishes, particularly 0-group fishes in riverine systems, an empirical model was generated from data collected in the Riv...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317621
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber) (Chrysomelidae), a univoltine, monophagous beetle is the dominant herbivore on Baccharis halimifolia (Compositae), a woody, perennial shrub that leafs out in early spring and retains its leaves into November. Available plant biomass increases during the season but T. bacharidis feeds only ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363829
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current theory predicts that in low-density, seed-limited plant populations, seed predation will be more important than competition in determining the number of individuals that reach maturity. However, when plant density is high, competition for microsites suitable for establishment and growth is expected to have a r...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1350-0
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among species, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) is usually related to leaf nitrogen content (N), but variation in the species-specific relationship is not well understood. To address this issue, we studied Amax-N relationships in 23 species in adjacent Amazonian communities differentially limited by nitrogen (N), phosph...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317909
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of ectoparasitic water mite larvae (Arrenurus) on the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of forewing length and cell number in the foreweings of the damselfly Coenagrion puella has been investigated. We show a significant correlation between the FA of forewing length and the mite load. Most explanations for incr...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00329031
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change has been shown to affect the timing of reproduction, with earlier reproduction being associated with an increase in temperature. Changes in the timing of reproduction arise from changes in food availability as well as other factors, and differences in the timing of reproduction among sites may cause sit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0944-3
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The food selection of the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps Krøyer, was studied in the field and in laboratory experiments on the Swedish west coast. The three most important prey organisms for P. microps in the study area were Corophium volutator, chironomid larvae and Nereis spp. Corophium was consumed more than a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376917
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Quantifying pathways of energy transfer between plants, pests, and beneficial insects is a necessary step toward maintaining pest stable agroecosystems in the absence of chemical subsidies. A diet switching experiment utilizing a predatory ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), evaluated the use of naturally ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050064
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::CO2 assimilation rate (A) and leaf conductance (g) were measured in the field on intact branches of 35-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees, in five plots each in a healthy and a declining stand. The declining site included trees with yellow needles. In order to separate atmospheric effects on gas exchange from effe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00397862
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carotenoid composition of 33 species of green algal lichens and 5 species of blue-green algal lichens was examined and compared with that of the leaves of higher plants. As in higher plants, green algal lichen species which were found in both shade and full sunlight exhibited higher levels of the carotenoids invol...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00566975
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of β-diversity can provide insight into forces shaping community assembly. We analyzed species-rich insect assemblages in two reserve fragments that had once been part of one contiguous Mediterranean coastal pine forest. Local environments are still similar across both fragments, but their landscape context d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-021-04861-7
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissolved O(2) is an important aquatic ecosystem health indicator. Metabolic and gas exchange (G) rates, which control O(2) concentration, are affected by nutrient loading and other environmental factors. Traditionally, aquatic metabolism has been reported as primary production:community respiration (P:R) ratios using...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0744-9
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insect fauna of 80 day-old plots of corn and sweet potato monocultures and dicultures in Costa Rica were compared using sweep sampling. Six hundred sweeps were taken in each of the three habitats. There were 15% more total species in the diculture than either monoculture but approximately the same total number of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344857
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arafura filesnakes (Acrochordus arafurae) are large (up to 2.5 m, 5 kg) aquatic nonvenomous snakes that feed entirely on fishes. A 10-year field study in the Australian wet-dry tropics revealed strong correlations between rainfall patterns, fish abundance, and snake population dynamics. All of these characteristics sh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050008
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the effect of nutrient enrichment on organic matter breakdown in an alpine springbrook, using alder leaf packs to which phosphorus and nitrogen were added in the form of slow-release fertilizer briquettes. The breakdown of leaf packs with nutrients added (k=0.0284 day-1) was significantly faster th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00008854
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. There is a well-defined time sequence in the oxygen consumption of Porcellio scaber. A maximal rate (the 'active rate') is obtained in woodlice subjected to the maximal disturbance of food presentation, handling and light. After initial exploratory activity has ceased, the oxygen consumption declines through a seri...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345086
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some perennial fugitive plants that colonize badger disturbances in xeric prairies have a limited dispersal capacity, and consequently propagules are dispersed over a small area. I hypothesized that high density-dependent mortality might occur early in the life history of such species, and thus increased survival migh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345316
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is important to understand the role that different predators can have to be able to predict how changes in the predator assemblage may affect the prey community and ecosystem attributes. We tested the effects of different stream predators on macroinvertebrates and ecosystem attributes, in terms of benthic algal bio...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1097-8
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridisation is common in plants and can affect the genetic diversity and ecology of sympatric parental populations. Hybrids may resemble the parental species in their ecology, leading to competition and/or gene introgression; alternatively, they may diverge from the parental phenotypes, possibly leading to the colon...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3498-9
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predators can alter the outcome of ecological interactions among other members of the food web through their effects on prey behavior. While it is well known that animals often alter their behavior with the imposition of predation risk, we know less about how other features of predators may affect prey behavior. For e...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050724
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain broad scale spatial patterns in species richness. In this paper, we evaluate five explanations for geographic gradients in species richness, using South American owls as a model. We compared the explanatory power of contemporary climate, landcover diversity, spatial climat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1577-4
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indications of global climate change and associated unusual temperature fluctuations have become increasingly obvious over the past few decades. Consequently, the relevance of temperature increases for ecological communities and for whole ecosystems is one of the major challenges of current ecological research. One ap...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0545-6
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00