Abstract：
:We have reviewed carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle with an emphasis on recent information. In this review a significant number of points have been made. These are summarized below. 1. CP and glycogen are concomitantly metabolized during short-term (less than or equal to 10 s) intense exercise. 2. Both epinephrine and contractile activity regulate glycogen use in muscle. 3. Glycogen sparing during exercise is promoted by fatty acids and probably glucose. 4. Glycogenesis increases during exercise in exercising muscle. 5. Ingested glucose is easily metabolized during exercise. 6. The heterogeneity in glucose uptake among muscles at rest and during exercise is likely not caused by blood flow differences per se. 7. Insulin binding, glucose transporters, glucose uptake, and glycogenesis are greater in ST than in FT muscles. 8. Acute changes in glucose metabolism are not always attributable to concomitant changes in insulin binding to its receptor. 9. Contractile activity alone will increase glucose uptake in muscle, and insulin is not required. 10. Insulin and contractile effects on glucose uptake are additive, suggesting that these stimuli mobilize different pools of glucose transporters. 11. Glycogen loss occurs in exercising and non-exercising muscle; therefore this substrate is not an appropriate index of muscle contractile activity. 12. Carbohydrate mobilization does not appear to be strictly determined by need for this substrate nor by the rate of muscle metabolism. 13. Glyconeogenesis from lactate occurs in ST and FT muscles and is regulated by pH.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Bonen A,McDermott JC,Hutber CAdoi
10.1055/s-2007-1024932subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-12-01 00:00:00pages
385-401issue
6eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Earlier studies of endurance athletes have shown decreased levels of secretory IgA and an increased frequency of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections after periods of hard training. In this study, 14 world-class canoeists were studied during very hard physical training, after lower-intensity training combined with...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972838
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Climbing Mount Everest needs an acclimatization period of 3 to 4 weeks between 3000 and 6000 m. In order to reduce this period of time spent in dangerous conditions, an experience of pre-acclimatization was performed with 5 elite alpinists (4 male, 1 female), aged 30 +/- 4 yrs (mean +/- SD), before their attempt to cl...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024644
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhinitis has been demonstrated to impose a significant disease burden upon the general population. We sought to determine the prevalence of rhinitis in athletes; to investigate its relationship with co-existing allergic symptoms; and to quantify the impact of rhinitis on quality of life in the athlete.3 subgroups were...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-108200
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present trial focused on the exact role of colour and power Doppler sonography in Achilles tendinopathy and correlated these techniques with the clinical severity of the disease and with findings on grey-scale sonography. Twenty patients with in total 28 symptomatic Achilles tendons were included in this prospecti...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-815828
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the possible influence of an exhaustive physical exercise on mental stress biomarkers (serotonin, tryptophan, and beta-endorphin) along with dopamine, noradrenaline and free fatty acids in an ultramarathon race in which 45 km was run on the first day and 90 km on the second. We obtained serum samples a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1038490
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to identify physiological predictors of maximum treadmill walking performance (MWD) in patients with intermittent claudication. Forty-five claudicants performed a graded treadmill test to determine MWD, peak oxygen uptake, and gas exchange threshold. Calf muscle oxygenation (StO (...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0028-1111110
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether a post-exercise cryotherapy protocol could facilitate recovery of elbow flexor strength and reduce the severity of delayed onset muscle soreness following eccentric exercise. Eight resistance-trained males (23 +/- 3 yr) performed 64 eccentric elbow flexions with each ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972686
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to investigate the changes in the mechanical properties of quadriceps muscle following a sub-maximal concentric-eccentric stepping exercise protocol. Twenty-four untrained healthy subjects aged 21.9 +/- 0.55 years were asked to perform a 10-minute stepping exercise where the dominant leg worked eccentr...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-965337
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and three women who were habitual distance runners and 74 age-matched physically inactive women provided three-day diet records. Intergroup differences in intakes of energy nutrients, micronutrients, cholesterol and fiber were evaluated via analysis of variance and, to assess qualitative differences, via a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024838
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This prospective experimental study aimed to compare effects of 3 different home-based postoperative respiratory muscle training protocols - inspiratory, expiratory and combined, in the patients' postoperative recovery, regarding safety and respiratory muscle function, pulmonary function, physical fitness, physical ac...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1096-0913
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate recovery of dynamic muscle function following muscle fatigue produced by isokinetic testing. Sixteen physically active males (age = 29.2) performed fatigue and recovery tests on an isokinetic dynamometer (KIN-COM 500H). The fatigue test involved concentric contractions of the quadri...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972989
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate why blood lactate after prolonged quadriceps contraction during hiking is only marginally increased. Eight sailors performed five 3-min hiking bouts interspersed with 5-s recovery periods. Whole body oxygen uptake, heart rate and lactate were recorded, along with continu...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-964993
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this article is to present how predictive machine learning methods can be utilized for detecting sport injury risk factors in a data-driven manner. The approach can be used for finding new hypotheses for risk factors and confirming the predictive power of previously recognized ones. We used three-dimens...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1231-5304
更新日期：2020-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The present study investigated the specific atmospheric conditions expected in Athens during the summer of 2004 in relation to the performance of elite athletes. DESIGN:Atmospheric pollution and weather data for the period April 16th to September 30th covering the entire greater Athens area and collected fr...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2005-837660
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The alterations in thigh muscle properties of chondromalacia patellae patients during isometric and dynamic endurance tests were studied using a variokinetic knee testing system linked to surface EMG. A total of 41 patients (chondromalacia group) with arthroscopically certified chondromalacia of the patella were studi...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972962
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimal exercise modality for the improvement of health-related parameters and microvascular function in obese adolescents is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) compare the microvascular phenotype of obese and normal-weight adolescents; and 2) to determine the effects of a lifestyle interv...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0577-4280
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As people age, they experience a decline in immune responses. Unusually heavy acute or chronic exercise could increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) whereas regular moderate physical activity may reduce URTI symptomatology. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an aerobic exe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0029-1237389
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to analyze the influence of oral contraceptive use on body composition and strength levels in trained women. Twenty-three resistance-trained women participated in this study (age=27.4±3.4 years; fat mass=28.0±5.0%; BMI=22.9±2.7 kg∙m-2). Subjects performed an 8-week non-linear resistance-training progra...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0985-4373
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the vigorous nature of rock/pop drumming, there are no precise data on the energy expenditure of this activity. The aim of this study was to quantify the energy cost of rock/pop drumming. Fourteen male drummers (mean±SD; age 27±8 yrs.) completed an incremental drumming test to establish the relationship betwee...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1337905
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims were both to determine lactate and ventilatory threshold during incremental resistance training and to analyze the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during constant-load resistance exercise at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Ten healthy men performed 2 protocols on leg press machine. The incre...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1286315
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fitness, and specifically body composition of football referees requires attention in order to achieve the highest possible standards. The aim of the present study was to describe body composition of elite Spanish football referees over 11 years. Data from 2001 to 2012 pre-seasons were analyzed from a total of 470 ref...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1398582
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of parental influence on children's physical activity have had different results. Parental effect on physical activity during adolescence is less studied, and three generation studies have not been carried out. The purpose of our study was to examine intra- and intergenerational associations of leisure time ph...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972680
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male (n = 9) and female (n = 8) collegiate cross-country runners were studied during a training session to determine the amount of iron lost in the sweat. Sweat samples were collected from the arm using polyethylene bags. Total sweat loss was determined by weighing subjects before and after the runs. Average time of s...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024978
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a vibration training protocol and a conventional strength training program consisting of similar exercises on knee extensors and flexors strength and postural sway in middle-aged women. 38 women were randomly assigned into a Vibration Group (n=12, static and ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1249618
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been asserted that the consumption of oxygenated water can support physical working capacity. As this has not been accurately investigated yet we analyzed effects of a two-week period of daily O2-water ingestion on spiroergometric parameters and lactate metabolism in healthy adults. Twenty men (24 +/- 2.5 years...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2005-865633
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During an overhead throw, the gluteal muscle group stabilizes the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC), leading to efficient energy transfer from the lower to upper extremity. It has been shown that LPHC instability can lead to throwing pathomechanics. The single leg squat has become a common assessment for LPHC stability, ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0577-3722
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormonal and metabolic parameters were studied for two teams after a football match. Blood samples were collected before the start, at half-time, at the end, and 45 and 90 min after the end of the game. In the first team, ACTH, cortisol, and lactate levels increased significantly during the whole match to resume basal...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025732
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the intensity ranges, number of actions and changes of direction measured by a commercial inertial measurement unit. Eleven elite youth futsal players performed a circuit with different type of displacements as sprinting, running at low-mediu...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1244-9985
更新日期：2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In major track and field competitions, the most risky discipline is the combined event. Therefore, we aimed to record and analyze the incidence and characteristics of sports injuries incurred during the Youth and National Combined Events Championships. During the French Athletics Combined Events Championships in 2010,...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1301332
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the time course and magnitude of learning effects associated with repeated maximum cycling power tests and to determine if cycle-trained men exhibit different learning effects than active men who are not cycle-trained. Cycle-trained (N = 13) and active men (N = 35) pe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2000-7415
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
