Abstract:
:The effects of an oral dose of atropine (0.03 mg/kg body weight) and an IM (0.02 mg/kg) dose on the heart rate and salivary flow in seven healthy adult volunteers were compared to see whether the oral dose was sufficient to inhibit vagal reflexes of the heart. Atropine concentrations in plasma were determined by an M2-selective radioreceptor assay, and the in vitro occupancy of porcine cardiac M2-cholinoceptors was measured in parallel. In ligand-binding studies, atropine has been shown to have a comparable affinity for human and porcine cardiac M2-cholinoceptors (Ki 4.0 and 5.9, respectively). Slight changes in heart rate after oral administration were not significant. After IM administration, however, the heart rate increased significantly, by a maximum of 22 beats.min-1 after 45 min. The slight increase in heart rate after the oral dose corresponded to a receptor occupancy in vitro near the lower limit of detection, whereas the significant increase in heart rate after the IM dose corresponded to a receptor occupancy of up to 47%. The maximum reduction in salivary flow was similar after the oral and IM doses (84.3 and 87.5%, respectively). The almost complete inhibition of salivary flow could be explained by the lower vagal tone in the salivary glands compared with to the heart. The difference in the effect on heart rate was probably due to lower absorption of the oral dose. Thus, an oral dose greater than 0.03 mg atropine/kilogram body weight is required to compensate for low gastrointestinal absorption and to overcome the high vagal tone of the heart.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Volz-Zang C,Waldhäuser T,Schulte B,Palm Ddoi
10.1007/BF00192357subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
45-49issue
1-2eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
49pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:OBJECTIVES:Iatrogenesis is common in elderly patients. This phenomenon could be reduced by improving awareness of general practitioners (GPs). We studied GPs' prescribing behavior to elderly patients, to identify GP and patient characteristics related to cautious prescribing behaviors. METHODS:The observational study ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0125-z
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether the CYP3A4*1G genetic polymorphism contributes to the variability in CYP3A activity and response to fentanyl. METHODS:One hundred and forty-three gynecologic patients who were scheduled to undergo abdominal total hysterectomy or myomectomy with general anesthesia were enrolled in this st...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-009-0726-4
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Perhexiline is a prophylactic anti-ischaemic agent with weak calcium antagonist effect which has been increasingly utilised in the management of refractory angina. The metabolic clearance of perhexiline is modulated by CYP2D6 metaboliser status and stereoselectivity. The current study sought to (1) determine wh...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1934-8
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most important exogenous risk factor for cutaneous malignancies. It is possible that phototoxic drugs promote the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM) by intensifying the effect of ultraviolet light on the skin. We investigated the association between the use of common sy...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1476-x
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Panobinostat, a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor, improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma when combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone in a phase 3 trial, PANORAMA-1. This study aims to explore exposure-response relationship for panobinostat in this ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1967-z
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expert meeting to discuss population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic software was held in Brussels in November 1993 under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. Recently developed statistical methods offer the possibility of gaining integrated informatio...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/BF00191898
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atropine-induced bradycardia is traditionally ascribed to central vagal stimulation, although bradycardia has also been observed after administration of quarternary amines. Pirezepine, a selective M1-antagonist, causes bradycardia in therapeutic doses for which a peripheral mechanism is postulated. This hypothesis has...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00558245
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical and genetic factors on warfarin dose requirements in the Japanese population. METHODS:We enrolled 125 patients on stable warfarin anticoagulant therapy with an international normalized ratio maintained between 1.5 and 3.0. PCR-based methods w...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-009-0685-9
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Higher drug concentrations in complex clinical scenarios in which multiple factors such as drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and comorbidities are simultaneously present are not necessarily rationalized in prospective clinical studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation of the anti...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02861-9
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a multicentre, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, the antihypertensive effect of labetalol 100 mg and chlorthalidone 10 mg, given alone or in combination, has been assessed in 32 hypertensive patients. The combination had a greater effect in reducing blood pressure than did its separate components. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00548395
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate adherence to prescription in a female population aged 35-65 years. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire study of 2991 randomly sampled 35- to 64-year-old women in seven provinces of central Sweden. METHODS:The study was performed in 1995 as a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study in seven countie...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0246-4
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the distribution of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype among azathioprine (Aza)-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders, and to investigate a possible relationship with the Aza metabolite levels. METHODS:Forty-six Aza-tolerant and six Aza-intolerant patients had the TP...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0698-8
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between isofezolac and probenecid has been studied with the aid of a specific HPLC assay for isofezolac in plasma and urine. 8 healthy adult volunteers received a single 40 mg oral dose of isofezolac before and after 3 days of loading with 0.5 probenecid t.i.d. There was an increase in the maximum plas...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00544363
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prazosin is a post synaptic alpha adrenergic blocker effective in hypertension, whose hypotensive effect is unaccompanied by reflex tachycardia or hyperreninemia, nor by other evidence of increased sympathetic activity. We studied the baroreceptor reflex arc as a potential mediator of these effects. Twenty-two essenti...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00606418
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of inappropriate medication use among hospitalized older adults and to identify predictors of this use. METHODS:A total of 5734 patients (mean age 79 years) admitted to geriatric and internal medicine wards participating in the study in 1995 and 1997 were included in this analysis...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0600-8
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) were studied in 6 elderly men after oral administration of a single 400 mg dose. Peak PEMA serum levels were obtained within 4 h of intake, half-life values ranged from 30.7-57.9 h in these elderly men. The elimination half-life was twice as long when compared to a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637644
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1988, the German Embryotox institute combines individual counselling of pregnant women and their health care providers (HCP) with research on drug safety in pregnancy. In addition, Embryotox offers web-based information which covers the most important and most frequently requested pharmaceutical substances. In c...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-017-2351-y
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We recently reported a highly stereoselective increase in plasma concentrations of (S)-atenolol during exercise which is most likely due to a release of the drug from adrenergic cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise on plasma concentrations of the (R)-...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050119
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the contribution of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to hospital readmissions. METHODS:This was a case-control study in which unscheduled admissions of patients who had been admitted to the hospital during the two previous months were assessed during a 21-month period. The patient was considered a cas...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0473-y
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Visual hallucinations (VHs) are frequent non-motor complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), associated to a negative prognosis. Previous studies showed an association between dopamine receptor (DR) gene (DR) variants and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease, addictions, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Howe...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2111-4
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations were undertaken to evaluate which uraemic solutes decrease drug protein binding. This was done by performing HPLC-fractionation of uraemic biological fluids and studying the effect of addition of a lyophilisate of each fraction to normal plasma containing standard quantities of radiolabelled drugs. From...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01428386
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education is being increasingly integrated in medical curricula, which might lead to a specific loss of knowledge in these subjects. This, in turn, could lead to harmful prescribing errors, especially in vulnerable older patients. METHODS:Teachers who coordinated education in D...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1830-2
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of hydralazine in a group of slow acetylator patients with the drug-induced lupus syndrome was compared with the metabolism in asymptomatic control subjects. There were no toxicologically significant difference in metabolite excretion between the groups which reached statistical significance, although t...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00556891
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milrinone, a new, nonglycosidic inotropic agent with peripheral vasodilating properties, was given as a single oral 5 mg dose to 7 healthy subjects, 7 patients with moderate renal impairment (CRI I, creatinine clearance 30-63 ml/min) and 7 patients with severe renal impairment had hypertension. The mean urinary recove...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00635891
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are uncommonly used due to their high frequency of adverse effects, including tachycardia and hypertension. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the role of this class of drugs in treating a variety of psychiatric disorders. The clinical features of MAOI overdose ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0360-y
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the ingestion of food and digoxin on the cardiovascular system alone and in combination have been observed in eight healthy subjects. A positive inotropic response was seen following food (2.5 MJ) and intravenous digoxin (0.01 mg/kg) with significant decreases in QS2Index (QS2I) pre-ejection period (PEP...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615959
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal and umbilical serum concentrations of atenolol, a hydrophilic, cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, were studied at delivery in seven cases of pregnancy hypertension. The drug had been administered to each patient for at least one week. Atenolol was detected in both maternal and umbilical serum in si...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00607437
更新日期:1978-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Inconsistent results of lipid-lowering medications (LLMs) on improved cancer survival need more investigations. We tested the hypothesis that adherence to the drug would be associated with a lower cancer-specific mortality in a homogeneous population who has ever used the drug. METHODS:Utilising data from the ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-03009-5
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cigarette smoking and gender on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. Eighteen volunteers with no evidence of clinical disease each randomly received the following doses of metoprolol tartrate: 100 mg orally, 200 mg orally and 20 mg as a constant-rate intravenous...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00637630
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of doxycycline in serum, bile and the gallbladder wall were determined in 25 patients during cholecystectomy, by means of bioassay after previous intravenous administration of doxycycline. The mean biliary level exceeded 20 microgram/ml, and the mean level in the gallbladder wall was greater than 2 microgra...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00554664
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00