Abstract:
:Ten years' experience with a system of modifying the scoring of examinations in pharmacology based on feedback comments from students on individual questions are analyzed. Each examination (3 per year for 10 years), approximately 100 items in length, was subjected to rigorous editing by a faculty committee and an independent reviewer. Putatively correct answers were posted after the examination, and students submitted comments anonymously on questions they thought justified alternative answers. Those comments accepted as valid by faculty were used to modify final scoring. A mean of 7.17 +/- 0.85 questions per examination (+/-SE) had valid alternative answers (range, 2-17 questions; median, 6-7 questions; n = 30 examinations). No examination escaped with fewer than two items that had alternative answers accepted in response to students' comments. The mean number of deleted items was 1.63 +/- 0.34 (range, 0-6). This feedback comments system has received consistently high praise from students who say that it improves fairness and validity in examinations. It was now been adopted for use in objective examinations in the major courses in this school of medicine.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Smith CMdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04315.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-05-01 00:00:00pages
379-87issue
5eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Essential oil compounds such as found in thyme extract are established for the therapy of chronic and acute bronchitis. Various pharmacodynamic activities for thyme extract and the essential thyme oil, respectively, have been demonstrated in vitro, but availability of these compounds in the respective target organs ha...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/009127002401102678
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg doxylamine succinate. Doxylamine concentrations in plasma were measured by a newly developed gas chromatographic methodology, utilizing direct alkaline extraction into hexane:isoamyl alcohol followed by concentration and autoinjection. Doxylamine kin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02875.x
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clinical study was performed on 41 asthmatic patients. After complete physical and spirometric examinations, they received capsules containing 200 mg anhydrous theophylline per capsule t.i.d. for three weeks. All other antiasthmatic medications were omitted during this study. The results showed that these capsules (...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1976.tb01535.x
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The half life (t1/2 ) of teneligliptin is 24.2 hours. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the administration of teneligliptin every other day might improve glycemic control. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the administration of teneligliptin every other day in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Fif...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine, its active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite (5-HM), and exposure to the active moiety (sum of unbound tolterodine + 5-HM) in healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of tolterodine and 5-HM were measured for up to 12...
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-blind controlled trial was carried out to compare the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and placebo on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemias. The dose of both bile acids was four 150-mg capsules day. Total serum cholesterol le...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb01746.x
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guidelines have been developed by the Bureau of Drugs, FDA, for antinflammatory drug development. They address the problem of efficacy and safety testing but leave the definition of qualified investigators and appropriate subjects unstated. The natural history of rheumatoid arthritis, the most-studied chronic inflamma...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1977.tb01544.x
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has become standard clinical practice for gentamicin, amikacin, and vancomycin to optimize efficacy and reduce toxicity. TDM after the first dose of antibiotic was adopted in our institution. This study aims to evaluate if target therapeutic drug concentrations could be achieved more ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1509
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of the 3 phase I studies described herein were (1) to compare the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin delivered from a novel gastric-retentive dosage form vs an immediate-release formulation, (2) to assess the dose proportionality of the gastric-retentive extended-release formulation, and (3) to determine th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270010368411
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abetimus sodium is an oligonucleotide-based investigational drug designed to treat patients with lupus nephritis by specifically reducing anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels. The safety and pharmacokinetics of abetimus were evaluated in 24 healthy volunteers at intravenous doses of 600 mg, 1200 mg, and 2400 mg. T...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270008319465
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analgesic activity of buprenorphine was monitored versus that of morphine in a double-blind, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel-design study involving 97 postsurgical patients. Patients could receive intramuscular injections of either buprenorphine (0.3, o.45, or 0.6 mg) or morphine (10, 15, or 20 mg) every 3 or ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02158.x
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb04640.x
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::BIA 10-2474 (a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor) was evaluated in a first-in-human phase 1 study in normal volunteers to assess safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and food effect. The dose-escalation process consisted of a single-ascending-dose phase (SAD) and multiple-ascending-dose phase (M...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.889
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esmolol is an intravenous beta blocker with a short duration of action. The pharmacokinetics of esmolol and its acid metabolite, ASL-8123, were studied in nine patients who had stable, biopsy-proved Laennec's cirrhosis and in three normal volunteer controls. Kinetics were determined after a four-hour continuous infusi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb05583.x
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02589.x
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microgravity is produced for 20 to 30 seconds in NASA's KC-135 aircraft at the end of a 2 G pullup for each of 40 parabolas per flight. Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound, arterial blood pressure, and acceleration levels were recorded for 12 male and 8 female healthy subjects without known cardiovascular or ce...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1991.tb03648.x
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether methyldopa alters digoxin disposition, eight healthy subjects received methyldopa titrated to 250 mg t.i.d. or placebo in a double-blind, cross-over manner for 16 consecutive days, with 0.25 mg intravenous digoxin coadministered on day 5 and 0.25 mg oral digoxin on days 9 to 16. Digoxin concentr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02791.x
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb05771.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1177/0091270005283284
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb05728.x
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varenicline is a novel selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine partial agonist developed for smoking cessation. Single- and multiple dose studies were conducted to investigate pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of varenicline in healthy male Japanese smokers. The single-dose study was conducted as a double-blin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that improves glycemic control by enhancing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose. Two open-label, single-dose, randomized, crossover studies in healthy subjects (ages 18-45 years) inve...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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abstract::Propiverine extended release is expected to be better tolerated compared to immediate release tablets because of slower drug release and reduced formation of active metabolites in the colon. CYP3A4 and ABCC2, the major variables in pharmacokinetics of propiverine, are less expressed in the colon. Therefore, dispositio...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few treatments for human diseases have received as much investigation in the past 20 years as probiotics. In 2017, English-language meta-analyses totaling 52 studies determined the effect of probiotics on conditions ranging from necrotizing enterocolitis and colic in infants to constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::GS-9667, a new selective, partial agonist of the A(1) adenosine receptor (AR), may represent an effective therapy for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia via lowering of free fatty acids (FFA). The objectives of the studies were to evaluate the effects of single and multiple doses of GS-9667 on plasma FFA concentr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
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更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this pharmacokinetic analysis was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for R- and S-ibuprofen from samples obtained after 3 successive administrations of ibuprofen (10-5-5 mg/kg) at 24-hour intervals to preterm newborn infants aged from <6 hours to 8 days of life. A model including uni...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00