Abstract:
:Psychoactive drugs are often widely used before tolerance and dependence is fully appreciated. Tolerance to cannabis-induced cardiovascular and autonomic changes, decreased intraocular pressure, sleep and sleep EEG, mood and behavioral changes is acquired and, to a great degree, lost rapidly with optimal conditions. Mechanisms appear more functional than metabolic. Acquisition rate depends on dose and dose schedule. Dependence, manifested by withdrawal symptoms after as little as 7 days of THC administration, is characterized by irritability, restlessness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sweating, salivation, increased body temperature, altered sleep and waking EEG, tremor, and weight loss. Mild and transient in the 120 subjects studied, the syndrome was similar to sedative drug withdrawal. Tolerance to drug side effects can be useful. Tolerance to therapeutic effects or target symptoms poses problems. Clinical significance of dependence is difficult to assess since drug-seeking behavior has many determinants. Cannabis-induced super sensitivity should be considered wherever chronic drug administration is anticipated in conditions like epilepsy, glaucoma or chronic pain. Cannabis pharmacology suggests ways of minimizing tolerance and dependence problems.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Jones RT,Benowitz NL,Herning RIdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02589.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-08-01 00:00:00pages
143S-152Sissue
S1eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Quinaprilat is the active metabolite of quinapril, an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The dose-response and duration-of-effect after single intravenous doses of quinaprilat and placebo (part A) and after administration of oral quinapril solution and intravenous quinaprilat (part B) were as...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1996.tb05028.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lomitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor approved as an adjunctive treatment for adult patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Lomitapide is extensively metabolized via cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. Two phase 1 open-label, randomized (1:1), 2-arm dr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.581
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical pharmacist is an integral member of the Docent team at the University of Missouri--Kansas City School of Medicine with duties in both teaching and patient care. These doctoral-level clinical pharmacists have sole responsibility for providing instruction in basic pharmacology and pharmacokinetics and for t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05700.x
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor, has undergone clinical investigation for the treatment of solid tumors and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib (Vargatef® ) plus docetaxel is approved in the EU for the treatment of patients with adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first-line chemot...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.752
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limited data characterize pharmacokinetic interactions between cephalexin and ranitidine, and no data exist for an interaction with proton pump inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ranitidine or omeprazole administration on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cephalexin. A r...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270004269558
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is routinely used as a surrogate endpoint for the development of investigational drugs in clinical trials. GFR and staging of chronic kidney disease are typically assessed by measuring the concentration of endogenous serum biomarkers such as albumin and creatinine. However, creatinine ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.1132
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most commonly used Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the replacement of dopamine by its levodopa precursor (l-dopa). Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) are enzymes involved in the metabolism and regulation of dopamine availability. In our study we investigated the possible rel...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1096
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclosporin G (CSG) has produced less nephrotoxicity than cyclosporin A (CSA) at equivalent doses in animal models. Conflicting results have been reported concerning differences in the pharmacokinetics of CSA and CSG in preclinical studies, and no data exist regarding the effect of steady-state oral administration of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04339.x
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanfacine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, was compared with prazosin hydrochloride for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel evaluation to determine efficacy and safety. The study consisted of a 2-week screening/weaning period (phase ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb01849.x
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the pharmacokinetics of single increasing intravenous doses (40-160 mg) and repeated doses (80 mg for 7 days) of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in Japanese volunteers and to compare the pharmacokinetics of PC-SOD between Caucasians and Japanese. The Japanese study consisted of 2 parts: a single-do...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270007309705
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective and practical preventive procedures for postflight orthostatic intolerance are highly desirable. The current practice of attempts to expand plasma volume by ingestion of salt and fluids before reentry has proven benefits. This study evaluated alternative options using fludrocortisone (F) to expand plasma vol...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1991.tb03659.x
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A decrease in dietary protein intake lowers the clearance of a number of substances excreted principally by the kidney including uric acid and oxypurinol, the major metabolite of allopurinol. We studied the kinetics of uric acid and oxypurinol in seven healthy volunteers on a normal protein diet (2600 calories; 100 g ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03239.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactive effects of the coadministration of steady-state cimetidine and single-dose pentopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic disposition of each other were studied in humans. Cimetidine reduced the clearance of pentopril by 11 to 14%. This reduction in clearance was shown to...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03136.x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of bilastine on cardiac repolarization was studied in 30 healthy participants during a multiple-dose, triple-dummy, crossover, thorough QT study that included 5 arms: placebo, active control (400 mg moxifloxacin), bilastine at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses (20 mg and 100 mg once daily, respectively...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270011407191
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but no report has addressed the effects on ilaprazole, a newly developed PPI. To investigate the effects of the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on the disposition and pharmacodynam...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270011408611
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabichromene (CBC) is one of four major cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. and is the second most abundant cannabinoid in drug-type cannabis. Cannabichromene and some of its homologs, analogs, and isomers were evaluated for antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Antiinflammatory activity was eval...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02606.x
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common treatment-related adverse event that negatively impacts the quality of life of cancer patients. During pediatric drug development, extrapolation of efficacy from adult to pediatric populations is a pathway that can minimize the exposure of children to unneces...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1577
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three normal volunteers who received morphine sulphate (MS Contin) with naltrexone completed this randomized, analytically blinded, two-way crossover comparison of the bioavailability of one 200-mg oral controlled-release morphine sulfate tablet with two 100-mg MSC tablets. Morphine effects were blocked by thre...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04094.x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Piragliatin is a CYP3A substrate; its inactive metabolite M4, formed through cytosolic reductase, is reversibly metabolized back to piragliatin through CYP3A. The impact of concomitant CYP3A modifiers thus cannot be predicted. Drinking alcohol under fasting conditions is associated with a recognized glucose-lowering e...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.617
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1069
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic characteristics of a slow-release formulation of clonidine (150 micrograms) were compared with those of a conventional formulation (75 micrograms) after acute and chronic (2 week) administration to 12 hypertensive subjects. The Tmax of the slow-release formulation was significantly later than for t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03858.x
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationships between tocilizumab exposure and response were evaluated using data from 4 phase III studies. Increased tocilizumab exposure was associated with improvements in Disease Activity Score using 28 joints (DAS28) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and with a decrease in inflammation markers. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270012437585
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of a meloxicam suspension were studied in 18 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Children received a single 0.25-mg/kg dose up to a maximum of 15 mg. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the first dose were calculated by noncompartmental methods. Geometric mean (percent coefficient of variati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1177/0091270004267589
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral administration of docetaxel is an attractive alternative for conventional intravenous (IV) administration. The low bioavailability of docetaxel, however, hinders the application of oral docetaxel in the clinic. The aim of the current study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for docetaxel and r...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1532
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Armodafinil, the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil, improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder (SWD). Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270011417825
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve healthy subjects participated in a study to determine the effect of multiple doses of troglitazone on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin. Subjects received digoxin 0.25 mg orally once daily on days 1 through 20 and 400 mg of troglitazone orally once daily on days 11 through 20. Serial plasma samples a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04408.x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective T-cell costimulation modulator abatacept is approved for treatment of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA; 6-17 years [intravenous] and 2-17 years [subcutaneous]). An extrapolation approach was taken to determine subcutaneous weight-tiered doses of abatac...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1797
更新日期:2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, reduce response to calcium channel and beta-adrenergic antagonists but not the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) antagonist valsartan. Inflammation also reduces clearance of some drugs or active metabolite, thereby reducing response. Active (n = 14) and cont...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270006292163
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Half-life is a standard result reported with analysis of pharmacokinetic data. Different definitions such as noncompartmental half-life, terminal half-life, effective half-life, and context-sensitive half-life can yield substantially different estimates of the quantity "half-life." Time to attainment of steady-state c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1701
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-period, crossover trial was conducted in the hypobaric chamber on human subjects to compare the influence of inflight exercise (experimental) and restricted activity (control) on altitude decompression sickness (DCS) during simulated extravehicular activities. Out of 39 pairs (total of 78 exposures), 4 cases of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb02012.x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00