Abstract:
:Intraperitoneal free gas seen radiologically as air under the diaphragm nearly always indicates a perforated abdominal viscus that requires surgical intervention. Rarely, however, the presence of a pneumoperitoneum may not indicate an intra-abdominal perforation and thus may not require laparotomy. Such a situation is termed spontaneous or nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum. In this review, we explore the aetiological mechanisms and the pathophysiology of the appearance of intra-abdominal free gas. An appreciation of the condition and its likely aetiological factors should improve awareness and possibly reduce the imperative to perform an emergency laparotomy on an otherwise well patient with an unexplained pneumoperitoneum.
journal_name
Postgrad Med Jjournal_title
Postgraduate medical journalauthors
Williams NM,Watkin DFdoi
10.1136/pgmj.73.863.531subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-09-01 00:00:00pages
531-7issue
863eissn
0032-5473issn
1469-0756journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries. In England and Wales, 1000 people under the age of 30 have a stroke each year. Cocaine is the most commonly used class A drug, and the first report of cocaine-induced stroke was in 1977. Since the development of alkaloidal "crack" cocaine in the 19...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.055970
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothyroidism over a lifetime is rare. Such a case is reported due to post-coupling dyshormonogenesis in a patient who had developed an aortic aneurysm. It is proposed that the aortic aneurysm could have arisen as a direct consequence of the hypothyroidism. Furthermore, Reilly bodies, which are deposits of mucopolysa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.58.685.706
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coeliac disease is exacerbated by wheat gluten. A review of methods for the purification, identification and quantitation of wheat proteins to investigate coeliac disease is presented. Recent developments including amino acid sequencing and expression of wheat protein peptides in E. coli should permit characterization...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.743.767
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of adenocarcinoma of the lung, in which high titre anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with recurrent venous thromboses resistant to all forms of therapy, is described. It is suggested that such an autoimmune response may be a contributory factor in the para-neoplastic development of vascular thromboses....
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.774.316
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia are important, independent findings in acute illness, and the combination of these abnormalities carries a grave prognosis. Despite this there is still controversy about the most appropriate therapy of lactic acidosis, and the relationship of commonly used acid base measurements...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Duodenal carcinoids are rare tumours. There is an increased incidence of primary carcinomas, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, which occur synchronously with gastrointestinal tract carcinoids. However, the synchronous occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction with a duodenal carcinoid has...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pmj.77.906.255
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) is limited. Many patients with OA of the hand have areas of tender subcutaneous thickening in the forearm and upper scapular region. A pilot study showed an improvement in pain from OA at the first carpometacarpal joint after injection of such areas with 0.5% sodium ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2009.087643
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the relationship between group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection and the development of acute rheumatic fever has been known for many years, the pathogenetic mechanism(s) have never been defined. Thus, the mechanism of damage to the valves and to the myocardium in patients with rheumatic fever...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of graded exercise on the secretion of cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is reported. While cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone and testosterone rise during the period of exercise, a rise in lutein...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.55.644.373
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of cervical osteoid osteoma is reported, with a brief account of the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Cervical osteoid osteoma is rare but its pattern of presentation varies little and it should therefore be possible to suspect it on clinical grounds alone. Bone scanning is now regarded as more efficie...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.56.660.724
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24 year old woman living in the Mediterranean region of Turkey present with a three-month history of weight loss and irregular fever that was peaking at 40 degrees C with shivering. No definite aetiology could be identified in a local hospital. A bacterial infection had been suspected, but antibiotic therapy, at fir...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.74.870.237
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::By 30 June 1984, only 99 confirmed and probable cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) had been reported in the British Isles. Sixty-three were related to menstruation in women aged 14 to 54 years who used tampons of various brands and absorbencies; 33 (52%) of these cases were in girls under 20. Five women died (8%) and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemorrhage of small bowel origin may prove to be a clinical and diagnostic challenge, particularly when the bleeding is massive and continuous. Such a case is described where the source of blood loss was a jejunal vascular abnormality. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.789.683
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long intergenic non-coding RNA 01296 (LINC01296) has been reported to play an important role in many human malignancies, but a consistent perspective has not been established now. To explore the prognostic value of LINC01296 in different types of human solid malignant tumours, we performed this meta-analysis.An electr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136684
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the prevalence and extent of autonomic neuropathy amongst Africans with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we investigated 50 such patients at our clinic. Mean age (+/- 1 s.d.) was 26 +/- 6 years, male:female ratio was equal (25M:25F) and duration of diabetes was 4.0 +/- 3.0 years. A battery of s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.70.821.188
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the case of a young man with Fusobacterium necrophorum meningitis who developed bilateral carotid artery stenosis associated with thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Intraluminal clot was present in the region of the stenoses for which he was anticoagulated. The clinical presentation, problems with diagnosi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.779.747
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing is a global problem. Limited data are available on the prevalence of PIMs in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the PIM prevalence in elderly patients with CKD, the most common drugs implicated and the levels of polypharmac...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-130889
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The leukocyte count is frequently used to evaluate suspected bacterial infections but estimates of its test performance vary considerably. We evaluated its accuracy for the detection of serious bacterial infections in febrile children. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Paediatric emergency department...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-304754rep
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 40 hypertensive patients continuous ECG recording was done before and after 30 days treatment with indapamide 2.5 mg. There was no change in heart rate. In addition, the incidence of extrasystoles was not changed in patients in whom the ECG was normal before treatment (30 cases) or in 8 of the 10 patients who had a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the case of an acromegalic woman with primary infertility who was treated with clomiphene, and subsequently developed pituitary apoplexy. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.845.172
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte adenosine deaminase (L-ADA) activity, a measure of lymphocyte activity, was estimated in 10 healthy controls and 30 patients with typhoid fever (20 uncomplicated and 10 complicated) at the time of admission, at onset of complications and weekly until recovery. Mean L-ADA activity in healthy controls was 20....
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.798.268
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teams within surgery have been through countless cycles of refinement with an ever-increasing list of surgical team members. This results in a more dispersed team, making effective teamwork harder to achieve. Furthermore, the ad hoc nature of surgical teams means that team familiarity is not always given. The impact o...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135943
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The body composition of the 17 members of the BMRES was studied using body weight and fat fold calipers, with measurements of whole body potassium and nitrogen. The full assessment was made just before departure from Birmingham and immediately on return. Daily observations of body weight and fat folds were made during...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.55.645.475
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The empty sella syndrome (ESS) presents a varied clinical and radiographic picture. It may remain asymptomatic or may stimulate an intrasellar growth thereby causing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. An air encephalogram (AEG) is required for diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical and radiol...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.52.613.703
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the commonest emergencies encountered by general physicians. Once haemodynamic stability has been achieved, therapeutic endoscopy is vital in control and arrest of bleeding. Various methods are available and the evidence is reviewed as to the most optimal approach. Clinical pa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.020867
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common bile duct perforation causing biliary peritonitis is an unusual entity and a pancreatic calculus causing this perforation is all the more rare, and to our knowledge has not been reported previously. Such an unusual presentation of chronic calcific pancreatitis is herein reported. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.804.837
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three women were admitted to the surgical wards with acute gastro-intestinal symptoms and despite good clinical (pigmentation, hypotension) and biochemical (hyponatraemia, acidosis) evidence of Addisonian crisis had unnecessary investigations with delay in the diagnosis and appropriate management of this medical emerg...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.739.367
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a patient with primary amyloidosis in whom multiple osteolytic lesions caused by amyloid bone tumours developed, and review the clinical features of the 18 cases with primary amyloidosis in whom destructive bone lesions have been reported. In contrast to amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma, destru...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.733.1037
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review considers some of the more common problems in the interpretation of the results of biochemical tests and, where possible, highlights ways in which errors can be identified or avoided. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.76.893.129
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of gonococcal urethritis with bilateral tysonitis is discussed. The patient was treated successfully with oral tetracycline 500 mg 6 hourly for 10 days, with a complete resolution. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.731.869
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00