Novel HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a patent review (2005 - 2010).

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) form the backbone of antiretroviral treatment for many HIV-infected individuals. The unique antiviral activity, high specificity and low toxicity associated with this class of agents make them a frequent choice for first-line therapy. However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses, poor pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and severe side effects in long-term usage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel NNRTIs without such limitations. An analysis of this vast group of already existing inhibitors should constitute the basis of the effort toward the development of more potent, promising drugs or candidates. AREAS COVERED:The present review provides an overview of NNRTI research from 2005 to 2010, and highlights some important medicinal chemistry principles and strategies in the development of NNRTIs. EXPERT OPINION:An in-depth analysis of the common binding configuration and structural features of NNRTIs, as well as the underlying clues to the 'follow-on'-based chemical evolution efforts (including the key medicinal chemistry principles and strategies: bioisosteric replacement, molecular hybridization, scaffold hopping, prodrug, etc.) has greatly accelerated the optimization of the pharmacodynamic (PD) and PK profiles. There is still a good deal of opportunity to discover new highly potent NNRTIs or novel scaffolds with unconventional mechanisms for reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition.

journal_name

Expert Opin Ther Pat

authors

Zhan P,Liu X

doi

10.1517/13543776.2011.568481

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-05-01 00:00:00

pages

717-96

issue

5

eissn

1354-3776

issn

1744-7674

journal_volume

21

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Small molecule HIV entry inhibitors: Part I. Chemokine receptor antagonists: 2004 - 2010.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating diseases in the world affecting > 40 million people worldwide. Morbidity and mortality from AIDS are significantly reduced due to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Long-term toxicity, emergence of drug resistant HIV strains and drug-drug int...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.542412

    authors: Singh IP,Chauthe SK

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tryptase inhibitors: a patent review.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tryptase is one of the main serine-proteinases located in the secretory granules of mast cells, and is released through degranulation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease, cardiovascular diseases, lung fibrosis and tumor. Therefore, inhibitors targeting tryptase may repre...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1322064

    authors: Ni WW,Cao MD,Huang W,Meng L,Wei JF

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Dendrimer and cancer: a patent review (2006-present).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dendrimers were widely used in cancer diagnosis and therapy during the past decade. The surface functionalities allow bioactive molecules such as imaging probes, therapeutic compounds, targeting ligands to be present on dendrimer surface in a multivalent fashion. In addition, the interior pockets as well a...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2013.761207

    authors: Cai X,Hu J,Xiao J,Cheng Y

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Retinoid X receptor ligands: a patent review (2007 - 2013).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are nuclear receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. RXRs function as homodimers or as heterodimers with other nuclear receptors, such as retinoic acid receptors, PPARs, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor or thyroid hormone receptors...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2014.880692

    authors: Yamada S,Kakuta H

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Microneedles as an alternative technology for transdermal drug delivery systems: a patent review.

    abstract::Introduction: The most conventional drug delivery systems exist with limitations such as drug degradation, toxicity and low bioavailability. Also, hypodermic injections can cause pain, compromising patient compliance. Due to this, transdermal drug delivery systems can minimize several problems associated with conventi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2020.1742324

    authors: Queiroz MLB,Shanmugam S,Santos LNS,Campos CA,Santos AM,Batista MS,Araújo AAS,Serafini MR

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Novel epigallocatechin gallate analogs as potential anticancer agents: a patent review (2009 - present).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Over the past three years numerous patents and patent applications have been published relating to scientific advances in the use of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (the most abundant, and bioactive compound in green tea) and its analogs as anticancer agents. EGCG affects multiple ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2013.743993

    authors: Landis-Piwowar K,Chen D,Foldes R,Chan TH,Dou QP

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of WO2012037132 - a novel scaffold for selective JAK1 inhibition.

    abstract::Novel 1-anilino-4-phenylphthalazine derivatives, compositions containing them, and their use as JAK1 inhibitors and for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are claimed. This represents a novel scaffold for JAK inhibitors and is highly distinct from the JAK1 inhibitors previously described, al...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2012.707647

    authors: Norman P

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Benzoxaborole compounds for therapeutic uses: a patent review (2010- 2018).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Benzoxaborole is a versatile boron-heterocyclic scaffold which has found in the last 10 years a broad spectrum of applications in medicinal chemistry, due to its physicochemical and drug-like properties. Use of benzoxaborole moiety in the design of compounds led to the discovery of new classes of anti-bact...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2018.1473379

    authors: Nocentini A,Supuran CT,Winum JY

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Rho kinase inhibitors: a patent review (2012 - 2013).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Rho kinase/ROCK is critical in vital signal transduction pathways central to many essential cellular activities. Since ROCK possess multiple substrates, modulation of ROCK activity is useful for treatment of many diseases. AREAS COVERED:Significant progress has been made in the development of ROCK inh...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2014.863279

    authors: Feng Y,LoGrasso PV

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Novel pharmacological modulators of autophagy: an updated patent review (2012-2015).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis in response to a variety of cellular stresses. Accumulating reports based on animal models have indicated the importance of this catabolic program in many human pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes, neuro...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2016.1217996

    authors: Ha J,Kim J

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Advances in hepatitis C virus vaccines, Part one: Advances in basic knowledge for hepatitis C virus vaccine design.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Around 3% of the world population is infected with HCV, with 3 - 4 million newly infected subjects added to this reservoir every year. At least 10% of these people will develop liver cirrhosis or cancer over time, while no approved vaccine against HCV infection is available to date. AREAS COVERED:This pap...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.630662

    authors: Roohvand F,Kossari N

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Global patent landscape of programmed cell death 1: implications of the rapid expansion.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands are producing a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. The promising clinical outcomes and a multi-billion dollar market have prompted active research and development and resulted in relentless patent protection. However, the global patent landscape...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1378349

    authors: Kong X,Zhang Q,Lai Y,Hu H,Chen X,Hu Y

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • New first and second generation inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The use of inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase for treating HIV-1 infection has proven to be very beneficial. Raltegravir, a strand transfer inhibitor, has been approved for use both as a first-line therapy and in treatment-experienced patients. A second compound in this class, elvitegravir, is in Phase III clin...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.586631

    authors: Pendri A,Meanwell NA,Peese KM,Walker MA

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00

  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitors: a patent review.

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3, a member of the STAT family of proteins, is prevalent in numerous human cancers and is now widely recognized as a critical molecular abnormality and a master regulator of tumor processes. Thus, the identification o...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.539205

    authors: Page BD,Ball DP,Gunning PT

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mucoadhesive therapeutic compositions: a patent review (2011-2014).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:With the introduction of mucoadhesion in 1980, pharmaceutical researchers have gained interest in mucoadhesive compositions. This interest has led to the development of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems aiming (I) to target a specific tissue, (II) to overcome barriers to absorption as well as (III) to con...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2016.1145209

    authors: Laffleur F

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Therapies for coronaviruses. Part I of II -- viral entry inhibitors.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus emerged fleetingly in the winter of 2002 and again in the winter of 2003, resulting in the infection of ~8,000 people and the death of ~800. The identification of the putative natural reservoir suggests that a re-emergence is possible. The functions of man...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543770802609384

    authors: Tong TR

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Novel benzopyran derivatives and their therapeutic applications: a patent review (2009-2016).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The benzopyran derivatives present a wide variety of biological activity and behaviour. At the same time the benzopyran derivatives support their use as therapeutic agents for multiple diseases. Their structural characteristics correlated to physicochemical properties seem to define the extent of the biolo...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1338687

    authors: Xiu C,Hua Z,Xiao BS,Tang WJ,Zhou HP,Liu XH

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: patent landscape and clinical development (2015-2020).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a molybdoflavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of purines to produce uric acid and reactive oxygen species. These reaction products can cause severe disease conditions like hyperuricemia which makes XO enzyme, an important therapeutic target in diseases like gout....

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2020.1811233

    authors: Singh JV,Bedi PMS,Singh H,Sharma S

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • The therapeutic potential of PROTACs.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:PROTACs represent a novel class of heterobifunctional molecules that simultaneously bind to a target protein and to an E3 ligase complex, resulting in the transfer of ubiquitin and initiating a process ultimately causing the proteasomal degradation of the target protein. This mechanism of action imbues PRO...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2021.1840553

    authors: Benowitz AB,Jones KL,Harling JD

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review for 2010-2016 - Part I.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA/B/C) play crucial roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, and aberrant expression of Trk has been implicated in neurological disorders as well as neural and non-neural neoplasms. Patent activity encompassing Trk inhibitors has grown substantially o...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1297796

    authors: Bailey JJ,Schirrmacher R,Farrell K,Bernard-Gauthier V

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonists.

    abstract::The patent claims peptidic/nonpeptidic inhibitors of the ghrelin receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) 1A. Among these compounds, it was disclosed that the addition in some compounds of a GlyMetAla tripeptide at the N-terminus of the ghrelin peptide agonists converts them into ghrelin receptor anta...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2012.684946

    authors: Costantino L

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic applications of the gaseous mediators carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are endogenously produced gaseous autacoids that regulate a number of physiological processes, including the inflammatory response, cell death and proliferation, neural transmission and smooth muscle tone. OBJECTIVE/METHODS:The current review aims to provide...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543770902858824

    authors: Bannenberg GL,Vieira HL

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic inhibition of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Inhibitors of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) represent some of the most widely prescribed, successful and well-tolerated therapeutics of recent times and are of proven worth in the management/prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. However, as knowledge has grown about...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543770903008536

    authors: Laight DW

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors; a patent review (2006-2010).

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as transcription factor, is linked to the expression of various genes and plays an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal NF-κB signaling results in human diseases, such as immune disorders, inflammation and various cancers. Therefore, regulation of NF-κB may ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.638285

    authors: Kwak JH,Jung JK,Lee H

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Spiro azepane-oxazolidinones as Kv1.3 potassium channel blockers: WO2010066840.

    abstract::This article evaluates a patent application from Solvay Pharmaceuticals, which claims spiro azepane-oxazolidinones as novel blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 for the treatment of diabetes, psoriasis, obesity, transplant rejection and T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2010.528392

    authors: Wulff H

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Orexin research: patent news from 2016.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The orexin system consists of two G-protein-coupled receptors, orexin 1 and orexin 2 and two endogenous ligands, orexin A and orexin B . It is evolutionarily highly conserved. It is involved in the promotion of wakefulness as well as in anxiety and addictive disorders. In addition, its activation via the O...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1344221

    authors: Boss C,Roch C

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Amino acid deprivation using enzymes as a targeted therapy for cancer and viral infections.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Amino acid depletion in the blood serum is currently being exploited and explored for therapies in tumors or viral infections that are auxotrophic for a certain amino acid or have a metabolic defect and cannot produce it. The success of these treatments is because normal cells remain unaltered since they a...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1254194

    authors: Fernandes HS,Silva Teixeira CS,Fernandes PA,Ramos MJ,Cerqueira NM

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • ATP-competitive DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors as antibacterial agents.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The bacterial topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are validated targets for development of novel antibacterial agents. Fluoroquinolones inhibit the catalytic GyrA and/or ParC(GrlA) subunit and have been commonly used, although these have toxicity liabilities that restrict their use. The ATPase G...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/13543776.2019.1575362

    authors: Durcik M,Tomašič T,Zidar N,Zega A,Kikelj D,Mašič LP,Ilaš J

    更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00

  • Thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists as novel antithrombotic agents.

    abstract::In addition to its central role in haemostasis and wound healing, thrombin activates platelets and smooth muscle cells by proteolytic activation of cell surface protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), which is also known as the thrombin receptor. Thrombin is the most potent activator of human platelets and, as such, a ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/13543776.16.4.493

    authors: Chackalamannil S,Xia Y

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Novel 1,5-naphthyridine PI3Kδ inhibitors, an evaluation of WO2011075628.

    abstract::A small series of aryl(1-arylamino)ethyl,1,5-naphthyridine derivatives that selectively inhibit PI3Kδ was prepared. The compounds are claimed to be useful in the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The compounds represent further variations around a structural motif explored in a number of previ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on therapeutic patents

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.622749

    authors: Norman P

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00