Abstract:
:Often, when conducting programme evaluations or studying the effects of policy changes, researchers may only have access to aggregated time series data, presented as observations spanning both the pre- and post-intervention periods. The most basic analytic model using these data requires only a single group and models the intervention effect using repeated measurements of the dependent variable. This model controls for regression to the mean and is likely to detect a treatment effect if it is sufficiently large. However, many potential sources of bias still remain. Adding one or more control groups to this model could strengthen causal inference if the groups are comparable on pre-intervention covariates and level and trend of the dependent variable. If this condition is not met, the validity of the study findings could be called into question. In this paper we describe a propensity score-based weighted regression model, which overcomes these limitations by weighting the control groups to represent the average outcome that the treatment group would have exhibited in the absence of the intervention. We illustrate this technique studying cigarette sales in California before and after the passage of Proposition 99 in California in 1989. While our results were similar to those of the Synthetic Control method, the weighting approach has the advantage of being technically less complicated, rooted in regression techniques familiar to most researchers, easy to implement using any basic statistical software, may accommodate any number of treatment units, and allows for greater flexibility in the choice of treatment effect estimators.
journal_name
J Eval Clin Practjournal_title
Journal of evaluation in clinical practiceauthors
Linden A,Adams JLdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01504.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
1231-8issue
6eissn
1356-1294issn
1365-2753journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare glycaemic control, as reflected in the A1c level, of diabetic patients with primary care vs. with specialist care. METHODS:The study used administrative data from eastern Ontario, Canada, and a database containing the results of all A1c tests from this region between 1 September 1999 and 1 Septemb...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00582.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In modern philosophy, the concept of truth has been problematized from different angles, yet in evidence-based health care (EBHC), it continues to operate hidden and almost undisputed through the linked concept of "bias." To prevent unwarranted relativism and make better inferences in clinical practice, clinicians may...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13010
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:We developed a novel Internet-based blended learning programme that allows busy health care professionals to attain core competency in clinical research. This study details the educational strategies and learning outcomes of the programme. METHOD:This study was conducted at Kyoto Univers...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01808.x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The primary aim of this study is to gain an insight into hospital pharmacists' current practice and perceptions towards medicine reconciliation and to identify common challenges preventing pharmacists from providing this service. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 month...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12565
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The effect of the presence of pressure ulcers on burden of caregivers is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the state of pressure ulcers in vulnerable elderly patients and the burden on their informal caregivers. METHODS:This cross-sectional study enrolled 137 patients aged > or...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01171.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Little attention has been given to perceptions of pharmacist availability and role in the community setting following policy changes. The Pakistani model is particularly interesting as it encompasses three different pharmacy practice licensure types with major differences in credentials,...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13405
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Medicine is predicated on a view of human nature that is highly positivist and atomistic. This is apparent in the way in which its students are taught, clinical consultations are structured and medical evidence is generated. The field of medical humanities originally emerged as a challenge to this overly narrow view, ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01728.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONAL, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Registries are a powerful tool to assess specific performance measurements and quality of care in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In Portugal, ProACS is a nationwide registry of ACS that has been active for the past 15 years, and our objective was to assess specific quality indicators fo...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/jep.12881
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapist self-disclosure is one of the most controversial topics in the history of psychotherapy. The controversies reflect some basic discussions regarding the nature of psychotherapy practice. In psychotherapy practice, a particular concern is the interaction between the psychotherapist and the patient. The expert-...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13289
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system approach termed P4 medicine has recently been proposed in the field of oncology. This approach has been advanced as an extension of what is usually called 'personalized' or 'genomic medicine'. P4 medicine creates effective predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory models to treat patients. In ord...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01709.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Consistent links exist between male alcohol intake and male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) as well as female alcohol intake and female-perpetrated IPV. However, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. This study attempted to identify unique alcohol-violence patterns w...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/jep.12218
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are associated with substantial burden in adults (≥50 years). Moreover, adults with vascular, metabolic or respiratory diseases have been shown to have a 3-6 times higher risk of IPD when compared with their healthy controls. These persons at higher ri...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12131
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the evidence for tai chi in reducing resting blood pressure (BP) in the elderly. METHODS:Databases were searched up to February 2009. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing the effects of tai chi on resting BP in the elderly were considered. The selection of studies, data extraction and val...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01210.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:To describe the application of systems and complexity science principles to real patient care. RATIONALE:Our current global health care system is not sustainable. It is structured based on the principles of reductionist science, which was discovered and developed over the past 400 to 600 years. Bec...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13442
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The London Health Sciences Centre found that its emergency room (ER) mental health services were affected by people presenting with problems that did not require psychiatric intervention. Consequently, a second triage using a crisis worker (CW) was introduced in the ER to identify those p...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00759.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A primary purpose of research is to generate new knowledge. Scientific advances have progressively identified optimal ways to achieve this purpose. Included in this evolution are the notions of evidence-based medicine, decision aids, shared decision making, measurement and evaluation as well as implementation. The imp...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01899.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strand and Parkkinen criticize our dispositional account of causation in evidence-based medicine for failing to provide a proper epistemology of causal knowledge. In particular, they claim that we do not explain how causal inferences should be drawn. In response, we point out that dispositionalism does indeed have an ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12189
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Musculoskeletal system has been found to be involved in genesis and perpetuation of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and has strong evidences that up to 80% of women with CPP present dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. In this study, we report a series of women with CPP caused by tenderness of pelvi...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01202.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the practices of physicians on the diagnosis and treatment of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATH), and to evaluate the concordance between these practices and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2006 guidelines. METHODS:Information was reviewed on 670 new cases of tuberculosis pat...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01706.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have witnessed the rising star of evidence-based medicine (EBM) as an approach towards rationalizing clinical practice in the face of an exponentially growing body of knowledge. Along with it, however, a sense of unease is rising among practising doctors, as they feel that well-intentioned principles may ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2003.00473.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research indicates that allied health clinicians have difficulty articulating client needs and priorities into specific and measurable goals. As a result, a number of strategies to facilitate improvement in allied health clinicians' goal-setting skills have been recommended in the literature. In order...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01104.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although patient safety has improved steadily, harm remains a substantial global challenge. Additionally, safety needs to be ensured not only in hospitals but also across the continuum of care. Better understanding of the complex cognitive factors influencing health care-related decisions and organizationa...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12847
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:A valid tool to measure clinical competency early in medical school could identify students who may require special educational attention. The overall aim is to assess the relationship between students' scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given in the second year...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00768.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIM AND OBJECTIVE:In Australia and New Zealand, there are no established standards for the final presentations of prepared intravenous medications in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Variability has the potential to contribute to deficiencies in safety, efficiency and cost effectiveness. This study aimed to exam...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12574
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the current study was to assess, in patients scheduled for primary total knee replacement (TKR), the effects of pre-surgery waiting time on pain and functional limitations related to the knee joint undergoing surgery, on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and on contralateral knee pain 6 mo...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01541.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To measure the impact of French national consensus guidelines on the clinical practices of primary care paediatricians and general practitioners. DESIGN:Non-randomized intervention study, with a first survey 1 year before the consensus development conference and a second survey 1 year after. INTERVENTION:Implemen...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00781.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Health-care professions have long been considered prone to work-related stress, yet recent research in Bulgaria indicates alarmingly high levels of burnout. Cloninger's inventory is used to analyse and evaluate correlation between personality characteristics and degree of burnout syndrome...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01895.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Data about health care organizations (HCOs) are not useful until they are interpreted. Such interpretations are influenced by the theoretical lenses used by the researcher. OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to suggest the usefulness of theories of complex adaptive systems (CASs) in guiding research interpretation. S...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01359.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Neonates with life-threatening conditions face complex clinical circumstances that confront parents and professionals with ethical decisions. Parents' participation in decision making has not gained sufficient attention in practice. Understanding factors affecting parents' participation ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13492
更新日期:2020-10-25 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:In the UK fewer than 15% of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) cases are diagnosed, representing a major gap in coronary heart disease prevention. We wished to support primary care doctors within the Medway Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) to implement NICE guidance (CG71) and consider ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12481
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00