Abstract:
:Type 2 diabetes is associated with substantially increased cardiovascular mortality. The need to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis alongside lowering blood glucose levels is now well established. Ideally, pharmaceutical treatment should address both of these needs. This review summarises current evidence of the anti-atherosclerotic effects exerted by oral antidiabetic agents. Metformin has so far consistently succeeded in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and exerting beneficial effects on lipids. Of the new agents, thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) have been most widely studied. They have a favourable effect on fat distribution and improve lipid profile, fibrinolysis and endothelial function. Moreover, they reduce blood pressure and inflammatory markers, attenuate the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and may reduce the rates of coronary restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. Glinides (repaglinide and nateglinide) have also been documented to improve endothelial function and lipid profile, to reduce oxidative stress, platelet activity and inflammatory markers, and to diminish the progression of CIMT. Finally, acarbose may significantly reduce new cases of hypertension and cardiovascular events, as well as diminishing the progression of CIMT in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Interestingly, some of these beneficial effects appear to be independent of the antidiabetic action. Thus, oral antidiabetic agents are now emerging as useful tools for the attenuation of the atherosclerotic activity and for the protection of the vasculature in patients with type 2 diabetes.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Papanas N,Maltezos Edoi
10.2174/138161209789057995subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
3179-92issue
27eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cell therapy has been proposed to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. However, it has been suggested that the significant mechanical forces in an often ischaemic, inflamed, biochemically hostile environment may cause poor cell survival and retention. It is hypothesised that tissue engineering techniques could...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990442
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our current understanding of cancer suggests that every tumour has individual features. Approaches to cancer treatment require thorough comprehension of the mechanisms triggering genomic instability and protecting cancer cells from therapeutic treatments. Base excision repair (BER) is a frontline DNA repair system tha...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170710123602
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free energy perturbation (FEP) theory coupled to molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) statistical mechanics offers a theoretically precise method for determining the free energy differences of related biological inhibitors. Traditionally requiring extensive computational resources and expertise, it is only rece...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212799436421
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been widely used as a target for novel anticancer agents, such as blocking antibodies and small molecular weight tyrosine kinase compounds. In spite of recent advances in cancer cell biology, leading to the introduction of clinically active new drugs, such as cetuximab, ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207782360564
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in particle engineering techniques, such as spray drying, freeze drying and supercritical fluid precipitation, have greatly enhanced the ability to control the structure, morphology, and solid state phase of inhalable sized particles (1 - 5 µm) for formulation in pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). To o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150820110153
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies have undergone a radical evolutionary journey over the last 25 years, with advances in molecular biology, process development and drug formulation underpinning their rise to becoming one of the most efficacious and economically important class of drug today. The success of antibodies for the trea...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150310142202
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is a complex pathological condition associated with exaggerated human immune system involving various activated immune cells and bio-molecules. Treatment of inflammatory diseases particularly chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease etc. has been a big challen...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206777698945
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::No-reflow, i.e., the lack of distal myocardial perfusion to fully recover following recanalization of an acutely occluded coronary artery, is not only a mere consequence of ischemic injury, as substantial microvascular alterations may also develop subsequently, after initial restoration of perfusion. Since part of per...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990357
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polyphenols widely distributed in plants, fruits and vegetables have received considerable attention on account of their physiological functions, including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Some antioxidant components of cacao liquor prepared from fermented and roasted cacao beans, which is...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666171109104141
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), hypertension is common. The type of ACS and severity of hypertension would determine the treatment algorithm. In ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI), time to reperfusion is essential whereas in malignant hypertension the reduction of blood pressure to prevent end or...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207781663046
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (IONPs) have received much attention for their utility in biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia. Recent studies reported that IONPs induced cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. However, little is known about the genotoxicity of IONPs fol...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612811319370011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of the carbohydrate glucose as an energetic source is essential for an adequate function of the human body. The complex regulation of this molecule involves the coordinated action of various organs such as pancreas, liver and brain. Any disruption of this physiological balance may result in a dangerous comprom...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666151209152013
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ximelagatran has been approved in Europe for VTE prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery at fixed doses and without laboratory monitoring. Aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of ximelagatran in a meta-analysis of prophylaxis and/or treatment randomized controlled trials. METHODS:Absolute risk of ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2174/138161205774580534
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by insulin deprivation caused by pancreatic β-cell loss, followed by hyperglycaemia. OBJECTIVE:Currently, there is no cure for this disease in clinical treatment, and patients have to accept a lifelong injection of insulin. The exploration of potentia...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666201217143403
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The snake is the symbol of medicine due to its association with Asclepius, the Greek God of medicine, and so with good reasons. More than 725 species of venomous snakes have toxins specifically evolved to exert potent bioactivity in prey or victims, and snakebites constitute a public health hazard of high impact in As...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160623073438
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present mini review offers a brief overview on the preparation and modification of gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) designed for biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioimaging, phototherapy and importantly gene/drug delivery. As biocompatibility is a prerequisite for safe pharmaceutical application, the poten...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666151210123225
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass associated with a loss of muscle function, e.g., walking speed. A number of consensus definitions exist for sarcopenia with cut-off points being ethnically specific. A rapid screen test (SARC-F) is available and does not require different ethnic cut-off points. Sarcopen...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666161123150032
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes recent advances in the development of DNA-photocleavage agents. Major mechanisms of photosensitized DNA photocleavage are presented and the most popular categories of compounds are considered, which include metal complexes and many organic functional derivatives. DNA-targeted conjugates of photos...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612013397140
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Current pharmaceutical treatment for depression remains unsatisfactory due to its limited therapeutic efficacy and undesirable side effects. There is increasing interest in looking for alternative strategies from diet for the treatment of depressive d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180803113106
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neglected parasitic diseases are a group of infections currently considered as a worldwide concern. This fact can be attributed to the migration of these diseases to developed and developing countries, associated with therapeutic insufficiency resulted from the low investment in the research and development of new dru...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200701160904
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent female reproductive endocrine disease. It has been associated with a number of severe reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. However, there are still open questions especially regarding the best long-term management. METHODS:We summarized the literature focu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190130104922
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting microvasculature. To ensure an adequate blood supply, tumor cells release angiogenic factors that are capable of promoting nearby blood vessels to extend vascular branches to the tumor. In addition, larger tumors have been shown to rele...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612003400867
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::More and more evidences are still accumulating rapidly on the G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) dimerization/oligomerization. Such common feature of GPCRs has called extensive attention to both pharmacologists and medicinal chemists for illustration of the pharmacological functions and therapeutic utilities of such ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209787315639
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer causes millions of deaths and huge economic losses every year. The currently practiced methods for cancer therapy have many defects, such as side effects, low curate rate, and discomfort for patients. OBJECTIVE:Herein, we summarize the applications of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in cancer therapy based on ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666191216150052
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) are observed in 0,1-0,4% of the paediatric population and represent an important clinical problem with related significant health and social issues. Most tachycardias are paroxysmal, being associated with sudden onset and termination, and only a relatively small number of them is p...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208784007761
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid advancement of computer architectures and development of mathematical algorithms offer a unique opportunity to leverage the simulation of macromolecular systems at physiologically relevant timescales. Herein, we discuss the impact of diverse structure-based and ligand-based molecular modeling techniques in d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190304123545
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of people who are overweight and obese are continuously increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. Coinciding with this is the increased prevalence of health problems such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Bariatric surgery is the only proven long-term treatment of obesity and may induce remission of ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180614075412
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The search for methods to control physiological levels of carbon monoxide (CO), a vasoactive molecule, and bilibrubin, an antioxidant, have improved our understanding of the protective role of heme oxygenase (HO) against oxidative injury. HO activity can assist other antioxidant systems in diminishing the overall prod...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033453758
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population studies have identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for cardiac and vascular events, with a common association with hypertension. Observational studies have consistently demonstrated blood glucose as a continuous cardiovascular risk factor. Experimental studies suggest that elevated blood glucose, th...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206776843322
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrimidine nucleotides, including UTP, UDP and UDP-glucose, are important signaling molecules which activate G protein-coupled membrane receptors of the P2Y family. Four distinct pyrimidine nucleotide-sensitive P2Y receptor subtypes have been cloned, P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2Y(6) and P2Y(14). Pharmacological experiments indi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612023392937
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00