Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) limits antiretroviral options and thus complicates the management of HIV-positive patients. HIV disproportionately affects the southern US, but available national estimates of TDR prevalence principally reflect large metropolitan centres outside this region. METHODS:The Duke/UNC Acute HIV Program has collected data on acute or recent HIV infections (ARHI) in North Carolina since 1998. Acute infections represent antibody-negative, RNA-positive patients. Recent infection was determined by history of HIV testing or concordance between detuned ELISA and antibody avidity assays. Genotypic sequence data from the earliest collected pretreatment plasma samples were analysed with the Stanford HIV Database and screened for surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs). RESULTS:A total of 253 individuals with ARHI between May 1998 and May 2007 had complete genotypic sequence data for analysis; 39.5% were acute infections, 78.7% were male, 64.8% were non-White and 53.8% were men who have sex with men. The overall prevalence of TDR was 17.8%, with SDRMs for non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in 9.5% of the cohort. Mutations for nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were detected in 7.5% and for protease inhibitors (PIs) in 3.2%. K103N was the most common mutation (7.5%). Thymidine analogue mutations were found in 4.7% of samples; the most common PI SDRM was L90M (2.4%). Dual- or triple-class antiretroviral resistance was rare, encountered in only six (2.4%) samples. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of TDR in North Carolina is similar to estimates from the US metropolitan areas. These findings have implications for initial regimen selection and secondary prevention efforts outside of large, metropolitan HIV epicentres.
journal_name
Antivir Therjournal_title
Antiviral therapyauthors
Hurt CB,McCoy SI,Kuruc J,Nelson JA,Kerkau M,Fiscus S,McGee K,Sebastian J,Leone P,Pilcher C,Hicks C,Eron Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
673-8issue
5eissn
1359-6535issn
2040-2058journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about non-adherence to HBV therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported missed days of antiviral therapy and HBV virological breakthrough and factors associated with virological breakthrough. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey of 211 HBV patients receiving or...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3851/IMP3087
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about pregnancy patterns and levels of HIV RNA in HIV-infected women conceiving on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with non-suppressed viral load (VL), nor about their therapeutic management. METHODS:Linear mixed models were fitted to study changes in VL and potential associated...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3851/IMP1489
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to analyse the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated at the time of primary HIV infection (PHI) in patients infected with a virus resistant to > or = 1 drug of their treatment compared with patients infected with a wild-type virus. METHODS:We analysed dat...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rilpivirine-based regimens are now preferred or alternative first-line regimens according to many HIV treatment guidelines. Recently, a surveillance study conducted in Argentina determined that prevalence of pretreatment resistance to first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3147
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The role of antibody in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear although many reports attest to its role in viral clearance. Here we describe epitopes that are recognized by antibody present in the serum of infected patients and show that such epitopes can induce neutralizing antibodies. METH...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing efavirenz (EFV) dose from 600 mg to 800 mg daily has been suggested with concomitant rifampicin (RFN), as induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes may reduce EFV plasma concentrations. METHODS:Individuals from the CIPRA-South Africa cohort taking EFV-based antiretroviral therapy with concomitant t...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1780
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we describe a case of an HIV-infected patient with right lower limb oedema that appeared after initiation of tenofovir and emtricitabine treatment. The patient was fully investigated by serial heart and vessel echo-Doppler examination. Oedema of the lower limb was attributed to a transient drug-induced fivefold ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1302
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the efficacy, safety and tolerability of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis Cvirus (HCV) infection and histologically proven fully established cirrhosis. We aimed here to evaluate the safety of this regimen in such patients and to identify b...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic infection with HBV or HCV can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The major risk factors for HBV-related HCC are persistent presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and/or high serum HBV DNA levels, and cirrhosis. The major risk factor for HCV-related HCC is cirrhosis. One randomized do...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP1895
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently, we identified increased rates of CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis in HCV-infected HIV-positive patients as a potential mechanism for enhanced mortality in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Since this effect might be attributed to changes in receptor-induced apoptosis, we studied expression and function of ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1882
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ribavirin augments sustained virological response when administered with pegylated interferon for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The impact of ribavirin plasma concentration on outcome in individuals receiving interferon-free regimens has not been evaluated. METHODS:Stored plasma samples were retri...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2984
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who respond to treatment with interferon-alpha plus ribavirin exhibit biphasic or triphasic viral load decreases. While the rapid first phase is indicative of the effectiveness of therapy in blocking viral production (epsilon), the slope of the final phase (lamb...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The potential use of variola virus as a biological weapon has renewed efforts in the development of antiviral agents against orthopoxviruses. ST-246 [4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-di oxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop [f]isoindol-2(1 H)-yl)-benzamide] is an anti-orthopoxvirus compound active ag...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HBV is a hepatotropic and non-cytopathic virus that causes more than one million deaths annually from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As the virus itself is non-cytopathic, it is widely accepted that both viral control and liver pathology are mediated by the host immune system. Until recently, the focus ...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP1620
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV is well established. Despite high prevalence of viral hepatitis coinfection with HIV, there are few studies on the risk of CVD amongst antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated coinfected patients. METHODS:Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study parti...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP2724
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Single-drug class regimens with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are generally not recommended as initial therapy because they are inferior compared with therapy with two NRTIs plus efavirenz. However, triple-NRTI combinations can be useful in specific circumstances such as in t...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP2726
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to compare indinavir peak plasma (Cmax) values after administration of indinavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg on an empty stomach or with food. High indinavir Cmax values have been associated with indinavir-related nephrotoxicity. METHODS:This was an open-label, randomized, two-treat...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In China, the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is complicated by the use of variousnucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NUC) regimens in treatment-naive patients, including NUCs with low genetic barriers to resistance, with/without add-on therapy and de novo NUC combinations. This longitudinal obs...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3851/IMP3205
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The influenza A virus accounts for serious annual viral upper respiratory tract infections. It is constantly able to modify its antigenic structure, thus evading host defence mechanisms. Moreover, currently available anti-influenza agents have a rather limited application, emphasizing the further need for ne...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.3851/IMP3115
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Quantification of HBsAg in serum may be of clinical importance in predicting HBsAg seroconversion and complete response to treatment. METHODS:Serum HBsAg was quantified by ADVIA Centaur in 63 patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHBe-). A total of 42 had received interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current stopping rules during pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment rely on week 12 HCV RNA response, but earlier identification of non-responders offers clinical and economic advantages. AIMS AND METHODS:To evaluate, among 129 HCV-genotype-1-infected, treatment-naive patients receiving p...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA is commonly used as a marker of compartmental antiviral activity in HIV-positive patients. Undetectable CSF HIV RNA levels have been associated with low CSF neopterin levels and better neurocognitive performances. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and predi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3140
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Researchers must often rely on creatinine measurements to assess kidney function because direct glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and cystatin-c are rarely measured in routine clinical settings. However, HIV treatments often include dolutegravir, raltegravir, rilpivirine or cobicistat, which inhibit the prox...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3373
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a leading cause of morbidity after solid organ transplantation. The efficiency of antivirals for the treatment of CMV infections may be hampered because of the emergence of CMV resistance to antivirals. The development of CMV multidrug resistance, which remains uncommon but does occur, co...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3851/IMP2818
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ageing HIV-infected patients present an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction being an early alteration. Some protease inhibitors (PIs) have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated here the effects of CCR5 or integrase inhibitors as compared t...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP3160
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study decay rates of productively and latently infected cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes during triple antiretroviral therapy and the possible impact of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on viral kinetics. METHODS:In this non-randomized study, nine antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive patients received either sa...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies of the effects of antiretroviral drugs on lipid metabolism are limited by the availability of suitable models. We have thus developed an animal model utilising Göttingen mini-pigs. The normal lipid metabolism of mini-pigs closely reflects that of humans and they are expected to have similar reactions...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1509
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study assessed the effect of stavudine (d4T) 30 mg dosage on lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. METHODS:A total of 243 patients from Cameroon receiving d4T or zidovudine (AZT) in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz or nevirapine for >6 months were clinically assesse...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3851/IMP1664
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although zidovudine (ZDV) is effective in HIV-1-infected patients, the duration of its efficacy may be short when treatment is started in advanced HIV disease. This pilot prospective case-control study was designed to evaluate the combination of ZDV plus didanosine [ddI] compared with ZDV monotherapy as an initial the...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV drug resistance testing is becoming an integral part of antiretroviral drug development and of patient management. The parameters that characterize the performance of both phenotypic and genotypic assays and the validation of this performance are essential to their proper use for these applications. Several princi...
journal_title:Antiviral therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00