Abstract:
:Abstract Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is one of the most potent endogenous vasodilator peptides known so far. Almost all clinical studies using or measuring CGRP are conducted during the day, and hence this study was carried out to see any variations of CGRP levels in the circulation during this period. Three separate studies were conducted. In the first study, following an overnight fast, sequential samples of blood were taken from six healthy volunteers between 0900 and 2100 h and were assayed for CGRP using a highly sensitive and specific radioreceptor assay. A diurnal variation of CGRP in the circulation (P<0.0001) was demonstrated. No difference in the diurnal pattern of CGRP in plasma was seen between males and females. The range of plasma receptor-active CGRP was 2.8 to 13.0 pmol/l (mean +/-SEM, 7.03+/-0.28 pmol/l). Two peaks of CGRP were observed in the circulation (increases of approximately 100% from the basal levels obtained at 0900 h), one around midday (P<0.0001) and the other in the late afternoon (P< 0.005). To assess the contribution of CGRP released from the gut following food, a second study was carried out in which the protocol of the first study was repeated in three volunteers but avoiding any food during the day. Although a similar diurnal variation of receptor-recognized CGRP was seen in this study (P<0.01), the changes observed were significantly lower than those observed in the first study, suggesting that the effect of a meal exaggerates the response of diurnal variation of plasma CGRP. In a third study, circadian variation of receptor-recognized CGRP was examined in three volunteers over a 24 h period. In addition to the diurnal pattern seen with the first study, the plasma CGRP levels continued to decrease up to early morning. The lowest levels of CGRP were detected between 0300 and 0600 h. After this time the levels gradually rose towards midday. It is well accepted that the incidence of cardiovascular episodes is high during the early hours of the morning. Separate studies are necessary to determine if these low levels of 'biologically-active CGRP' in the early hours of the morning are a coincidence, or whether they play a role (e.g. relative deficiency of CGRP) in contributing to the occlusion of already diseased arteries. Furthermore, the diurnal variations of monomeric CGRP demonstrated here imply that, with any experiments relying on the measurement or infusion of CGRP, timing of blood sampling and relationship to meals are important and should be strictly adhered to in most physiological studies with CGRP. This is the first study which demonstrates the circadian variation in plasma concentrations of CGRP.
journal_name
J Neuroendocrinoljournal_title
Journal of neuroendocrinologyauthors
Wimalawansa SJdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00281.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-06-01 00:00:00pages
319-22issue
3eissn
0953-8194issn
1365-2826pii
JNE319journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To study the mechanism by which monochromatic light affects gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression in chicken hypothalamus, a total of 192 newly-hatched chicks were divided into intact, sham-operated and pinealectomy groups and exposed to white (WL), red (RL), green (GL) and blue (BL) lights using a light-e...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00672.x
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by mild elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (range 5-10 μIU/ml) and normal free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4). The cognitive function impairment is well known in thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but little is kn...
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更新日期:2018-03-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00183.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most important zeitgeber for seasonal rhythmicity of physiology and behaviour in birds is the annual cycle of photoperiod. Regulatory mechanisms are less well understood in birds than in mammals since photic information can be perceived by photoreceptors in the retina and the pineal gland, as well as in the brain,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01003.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin signalling in the hypothalamus is critical for the maintenance of normal body weight. Although hyperleptinaemia in obese people suggests a state of leptin resistance, and diet-induced obesity in rodents is associated with central leptin resistance, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence sugge...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01362.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been implicated in the regulation of appetite and the consumption of palatable foods. This experiment aimed to explore the involvement of the CB1 receptor in the early and late stages of high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. The C57Bl/6 mice were placed on a high fat (HF) or l...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01785.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) respond to the same glucocorticoid hormones but can have differential effects on cellular function. Several lines of evidence suggest that MR-specific target genes must exist and might underlie the distinct effects of the receptors. The present...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12735
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00784.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Summary How does 'nurture' change the brain? Recent evidence suggests that maternal care may shape the infant brain by turning genes 'on' or 'off' during development. Some of the genes affected are important for maternal and social behaviour leading to long-term changes in the nurturing behaviour of offspring. These s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01901.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in the regulation of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) release in response to various stimuli. To examine the site and mechanism of actions of PGs, we studied effects of PGE2 and PG-receptor agonists on supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurones of rat hypothalamic slice preparations ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00282.x
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxytocin (OT) release within the brain is thought to play a major role in inducing maternal behaviour in a number of mammalian species but little is known about the sites of release which are important in this respect. We have investigated whether the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is a site of OT a...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.04411.x
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review concentrates on some of the recent discoveries and future questions relevant to the development of the neuroendocrine luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) cells. Neuroendocrine LHRH cells originate outside the central nervous system, in the nasal placode, and thereafter migrate into the forebrain d...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00609.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The presence and distribution of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II (All) were demonstrated in rat pituitary by immunocytochemical staining with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, using primary polyclonal antibodies specific for angiotensinogen and All. Silver enhancement of the reaction product was used to...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00408.x
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotrophin synthesis and release in birds and mammals. In Japanese quail, GnIH neurones express the noradrenergic receptor and receive noradrenergic innervation. Treatment with noradrenaline (NA) stimulates GnIH release from dience...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12503
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The localization at the cellular level and the regulation by progesterone of the estrogen-sensitive oxytocin binding sites was studied in the rat telencephalon and the hypothalamus by using quantitative film-autoradiography and histoautoradiography. Male rats (castrated or not) and ovariectomized females (estradiol su...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00759.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have revealed the occurrence of five first exon variants of the rat prolactin receptor mRNA, suggesting that multiple promoters direct prolactin receptor transcription in response to different regulatory factors. In the present study, regional expression of these first exon variants, as well as two prol...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01565.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated to support a role for excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the regulation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Glutamate immunoreactivity has been found in axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses on to magnocellular neurosecretory cells and kynur...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00311.x
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regional distribution of neurones expressing aromatase mRNA in the ram hypothalamus was examined by in situ hybridization using 33P-labelled cRNA probes. The highest amounts of hybridization signal were observed in the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus and posterior medial part of the bed nucleus of the ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00496.x
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many animals synchronise their reproductive activity with the seasons to optimise the survival of their offspring. This synchronisation involves switching on and off their gonadotrophic axis. Ever since their discovery as key regulators of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones, the hypothalamic RF-amide pept...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jne.12529
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00599.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02127.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric patients suffering from anxiety disorders or endogenous depression exhibit increased activity in their hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Recently, two Wistar rat lines, bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus-maze, were described as a unique psychopat...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00342.x
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Intracellular recordings were made from cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in the urethane-anaesthetized male rat using the ventral surgical approach. Impalements lasted from 5 min to 1 h and recorded cells had an input resistance of 55 to 170 megohms. Spikes of over 50 mV were recorded from 14 cell...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00291.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perinatal glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is increasingly associated with long-term disturbances in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function. In the male rat, such treatment induces profound molecular, morphological and functional changes in the anterior pituitary gland at adulthood. To determine whether these effe...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01493.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of corticosterone on interleukin (IL)-1 beta synthesis, body temperature, general activity, food consumption and fluid intake in rats treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Radiotelemetry was used to assess body temperature and locomotor activity in combination with continuous automated...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00833.x
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postpartum depression affects 15% of new mothers and previous depressive episodes increase the risk for postpartum depression. Chronic administration of corticosterone (CORT) to dams during the postpartum period causes depressive-like behaviour and has been used as a model of postpartum depression. To better understan...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02169.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripartum hormones and sensory cues from young modify the maternal brain in ways that can render females either at risk for, or resilient to, elevated anxiety and depression. The neurochemical systems underlying these aspects of maternal emotional and mood states include the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the n...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jne.12188
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine if prenatal androgens prevent activation of GnRH neurons in response to estradiol stimulation, Fos colocalization with GnRH was compared in the brains of normal female lambs, normal males, and androgenized females in response to a surge-inducing dose of estradiol. Blood samples were collected every 1-2 h ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypertension in several types of experimental and genetic hypertension animal models. Among the main bioactive peptides of the brain RAS, angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang III display the same affinity fo...
journal_title:Journal of neuroendocrinology
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01642.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00