Abstract:
:If predictable, ecogeographic patterning in body size and proportions of human populations can provide valuable information regarding human biology, adaptation to local environments, migration histories, and health, now and in the past. This paper evaluates the assumption that small-bodied Later Stone Age (LSA) foragers of Southern Africa show the adult proportions that would be expected of warm-adapted populations. Comparisons are also made with small-bodied foragers from the Andaman Islands (AI). Indices including brachial, crural, limb element length to skeletal trunk height, and femoral head and bi-iliac breadth to femoral length were calculated from samples of LSA (n = 124) and AI (n = 31) adult skeletons. Samples derived from the literature include those from high (Europe), middle (North Africa), and low (Sub-Saharan Africa) latitude regions. The LSA and AI samples match some but not all expected ecogeographic patterns for their particular regions of long term habitation. For most limb length to skeletal trunk height indices the LSA and AI are most similar to the other mid-latitude sample (North Africans). However, both groups are similar to low latitude groups in their narrow bi-iliac breadths, and the AI display relatively long radii. Proportions of LSA and AI samples also differ from those of African pygmies. In regions like southern-most Africa, that do not experience climatic extremes of temperature or humidity, or where small body size exists through drift or selection, body size, and proportions may also be influenced by nonclimatic variables, such as energetic efficiency.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Kurki HK,Ginter JK,Stock JT,Pfeiffer Sdoi
10.1002/ajpa.20774subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
28-38issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
136pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Effects of consanguineous marriages on offspring's gestational age and anthropometrics at birth were investigated in Beirut through a hospital-based survey of 1,252 newborns. Twenty-five percent of all newborns were inbred, and the mean inbreeding coefficient was 1.25%. Neither prematurity rate nor weight, length, hea...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330800407
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multivariate analyses, supplemented by univariate statistical methods, of measurements from mandibular tooth crown dimensions and the mandible of Gigantopithecus blacki, G. bilaspurensis, Plio-Plelstocene hominids, Homo erectus, and seven Neogene ape species from the genera Proconsul, Sivapithecus, Ouranopithecus, and...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530410
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A "dip" in the stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ(15)N) of subadults in the late weaning/early post-weaning phase of growth and development has been observed. Speculatively, this is the mechanism of positive nitrogen balance operating among rapidly growing subadults. An alternate hypothesis for δ(15)N dips is...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22713
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention is called to a disputed diagnosis of trephination reported for a perforated skull of a prehistoric New England Indian. The perforation, surrounded by a saucer-like depression, is located exactly in the midline just in front of bregma. The finding of a similar lesion in a prehistoric Indian skull from the Nor...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330420310
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between diarrheal diseases and growth increments in total body length and weight was investigated in 716 rural Ladino Gautemalan children. Data on diarrheal diseases were provided by the mothers through retrospective surveys carried out at 14-day intervals. Increments in length and weight, semestral f...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430307
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate species often eat foods of different physical properties. This may have implications for tooth structure and wear in those species. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical defenses of leaves eaten by Alouatta palliata from different social groups at Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica. Leaves we...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20225
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To figure out which and how many systems of genetic markers should be used to control for the effects of shared population history in studies examining the association between morphology and climate and to test cranial non-metric traits as an additional source of neutral distances for such studies. MATERIAL...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22894
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dramatic changes in cranial capacity have characterized human evolution. Important evolutionary hypotheses, such as the spatial packing hypothesis, assert that increases in relative brain size (encephalization) have caused alterations to the modern human skull, resulting in a suite of traits unique among extant primat...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23766
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Human language represents an extreme form of communicative complexity. Primate facial display complexity, which depends upon facial mobility, can be used as a model for the study of the evolution of communicative complexity. The gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is the only primate that can produce a lip-flip ev...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24031
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlations between ridge-counts on the ten fingers were compared by race and sex in 11 samples representing Negroes and Caucasians: five from subsaharan Africa, one American Black, three European, one American White and one from India. The samples of European ancestry showed no consistent sex difference in mean corr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330460122
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Territoriality refers to the consistent defense of an area within the home range (HR) against intrusions of conspecifics. It implies exclusive space use with low degree of overlap among neighboring groups, high site fidelity, specific ranging behavior such as high mobility relative to HR size and frequent vi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23645
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human physique classification by somatotype assumes that adult humans are geometric similar to each other. However, this assumption has yet to be adequately tested in athletic and nonexercising human populations. In this study, we assessed this assumption by comparing the mass exponents associated with girth measureme...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10351
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Madjars are a previously unstudied population from Kazakhstan who practice a form of local exogamy in which wives are brought in from neighboring tribes, but husbands are not, so the paternal lineages remain genetically isolated within the population. Their name bears a striking resemblance to the Magyars who have...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20984
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been thought that the prefrontal cerebral cortex has been greatly expanded in the human brain. Semendeferi et al. ([2001] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 114:224-241) showed that Brodmann's area 10 is relatively larger in the human compared to pongid brains. The question is: how much larger relatively is it? Using...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10090
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya (KNM-MW 13142) includes five lumbar vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and nearly complete hipbone. Until recently, little was known of the axial and pelvic skeletons of Proconsul, or any early Miocene hominoid. Because torso morphology directly reflect...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330920306
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teilhardina belgica is one of the earliest fossil primates ever recovered and the oldest fossil primate from Europe. As such, this taxon has often been hypothesized as a basal tarsiiform on the basis of its primitive dental formula with four premolars and a simplified molar cusp pattern. Until recently [see Rose et al...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22664
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in ext...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23951
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atypical wear and oral lesions were studied in the dental remains from the Middle Neolithic Pitted Ware Culture site Ajvide on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. Teeth (n = 764) from 17 males and 11 females were examined microscopically to document unusual wear, assess wear patterns and oral lesions as evidence ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20824
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to present the characteristics of a collection of identified infants and young children housed in the Laboratory of Anthropology of the University of Granada, Spain. The sample, which is still being enlarged, is currently composed of 230 complete skeletons aged from 5 months of gestation...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22165
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of hand long-bone lengths and variances in published measurements of North American Caucasoid, Venezuelan, and English individuals, and of their metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles (MPP), revealed systematic differences between samples from infancy through adulthood. The variances of Venezuelan males tend ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330730107
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Castel di Guido site, with an estimated age of approximately 300,000 years, has yielded abundant animal remains, Acheulian stone and bone bifaces, and small tools. On the surface of the original deposit, turned over by agricultural activities, fragments of human remains were discovered between 1980 and 1986, inclu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330760205
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dart's 1925 announcement of Australopithecus africanus (Dart: Nature 115 [1925] 195-199) was highly controversial, partly because of an interpretation of the Taung natural endocast that rested on an erroneous identification of the lambdoid suture as the lunate sulcus. Unpublished materials from the University of Witwa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21184
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extensive (n = 739) sample of well-documented male pubic bones was examined for age-related features. Using the traditional aging methods, Todd's system was found to over-age and both the Todd and the McKern-Stewart systems did not account for age variability seen in advanced pubic bone patterns. Based on a 5-year ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330690402
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has demonstrated that species and subspecies of extant chimpanzees and bonobos can be distinguished on the basis of the shape of their molar crowns. Thus, there is potential for fossil taxa, particularly fossil hominins, to be distinguished at similar taxonomic levels using molar crown morphology. Un...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21057
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determination of sex from the tibial shaft as well as the entire bone itself has not been generally investigated by osteologists . This paper is an attempt to fulfill this need. The purpose is to determine sex from both the complete tibia and the shaft at the nutrient foramen level. The sample was obtained from the Te...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640104
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gorillas occupy a variety of habitats from the west coast to eastern central Africa. These habitats differ considerably in altitude, which has a pronounced effect on forest ecology. Although all gorillas are obligate terrestrial knuckle-walking quadrupeds, those that live in lowland habitats eat fruits and climb more ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22451
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 1930s subadult hominin remains and Mousterian artifacts were discovered in the Teshik-Tash cave in South Uzbekistan. Since then, the majority of the scientific community has interpreted Teshik-Tash as a Neanderthal. However, some have considered aspects of the morphology of the Teshik-Tash skull to be more simi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22133
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Comprehensive quantification of the shape and proportions of the medial tibial facet (MTF) of the talus (=astragalus) has been lacking for Primates and their closest relatives. In this study, aspects of MTF form were quantified and employed to test hypotheses about their functional and phylogenetic significa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22702
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ontogenetic samples of endocranial volumes (EVs) from great apes and humans are critical for understanding the evolution of the brain growth pattern in the hominin lineage. However, high quality ontogenetic data are scarce, especially for nonhuman primates. Here, we provide original data derived from an osteological c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21641
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celebrations and bursts of communal joy can occur spontaneously in human communities based on mechanisms of emotional contagion. Some examples of similar collective excitement have been reported in animals when they reunite or anticipate rewards, but little is known about the processes and meaning of these multiple in...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21606
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00