Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to estimate the per-patient-per-month (PPPM) costs of medications in the six Medicare Part D protected classes based on findings among Medicare and dual eligible beneficiaries with drug coverage before the enactment of the benefit. DESIGN:Data were from the Thomson Medstat MarketScan Medicare and Medicaid claims databases. The study sample was constructed by identifying patients who were enrolled either in Medicare or dually in Medicare and Medicaid. PPPM costs were calculated for each protected class. Drugs covered under Part B were excluded. OUTCOMES MEASURE:PPPM aggregated costs within each class. RESULTS:The classes in which generic formulations are available (antidepressants and anticonvulsants) show low PPPM costs ($ US 45.31 and $ US 50.97, respectively). The most expensive class is the antiretrovirals ($ US 829.73). This class is the costliest for all dual eligible patients including those aged 64 years and under. Among the dual eligible aged 65 years and older, the immunosuppressants are the most expensive class. The same result is seen qualitatively in the Medicare group. CONCLUSIONS:PPPM costs are not uniformly high among the protected classes. The claims data in this study allowed a 'real world' check of how much the protected classes may impact the finances of Part D. There are differences within the classes between the dual eligible and Medicare patients, and also within the dual eligible by age. This is an important message to policy makers that a change to the structure of the protected classes in Part D may have differential effects across classes and also within classes.
journal_name
Pharmacoeconomicsjournal_title
PharmacoEconomicsauthors
Mucha L,Masia NA,Axelsen KJdoi
10.2165/00019053-200624003-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
79-84eissn
1170-7690issn
1179-2027journal_volume
24 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the limited availability of healthcare resources and the recent introduction of new anti-osteoporosis drugs, the interest in the cost effectiveness of drugs in postmenopausal osteoporosis remains and even increases. OBJECTIVE:This study aims to identify all recent economic evaluations on drugs for pos...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0231-1
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To assess the relative cost effectiveness of escitalopram compared with venlafaxine XR in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS:An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a double-blind, multinational, randomised clinical trial and examined the costs and quality of life of 251 patients taking ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract:AIM:To determine the economic impact (cost-benefit analysis) of childhood varicella vaccination, with the Oka/Merck varicella zoster virus vaccine live (Varivax) in Italy. METHODS:This analysis is based on an epidemiological model of varicella zoster virus (VZV) dynamics adapted to the Italian situation. Cost data (Eu...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422130-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential economic implications of using etoricoxib versus non-selective NSAID alternatives in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the UK. STUDY DESIGN:Decision-analytical modelling was used to calculate the exp...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422100-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to economic outcomes associated with treating allergic rhinitis. A literature review was conducted using 'Medline' and the in-house database of the publishers of this journal for articles published between January 1991 and January 1996. Only 3 cost-outcom...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199610010-00002
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientific reviewing methods were applied to economic studies of influenza vaccination, and an economic model of influenza vaccination was developed from these primary sources. Issues arising from the secondary literature review include the quality of evidence on the effectiveness of the vaccines, the absence of a tra...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199600093-00015
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of its single technology appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer (Sanofi Genzyme) of sarilumab (SAR; Kevzara®) to submit evidence of its clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for previously treated moderate or severe rheumatoid arth...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a major orthopaedic procedure with a high risk of postoperative thromboembolism. Increasing demand for this type of surgery, together with its high cost, has led to examination of means by which the cost of THA may be minimised. Current clinical opinion favours the use of suitable pharm...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199610020-00009
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During the 1990s, a number of new cytotoxic agents with clinically relevant activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and with a more favourable therapeutic index than drugs already in use, became available. Given the high prices of these new drugs and the large number of patients affected, it is impor...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of granisetron in preventing acute nausea and vomiting during the 24 hours following chemotherapy in patients with cancer is equivalent to that of other serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron and tropisetron) and similar to or greater than that of conventional antiemetic regimens such as metocl...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
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doi:10.2165/00019053-200725030-00007
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with cancer has focused primarily on the development of reliable and valid instruments (questionnaires), and on the effect of chemotherapy in phase III clinical trials. From this research several important lessons have emerged, such as: (i) the need to measure multi...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199507040-00005
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the past decade, the range of contraceptives available has increased dramatically. There are limited data on the factors that determine women's choices on contraceptive alternatives or what factors providers consider most important when recommending contraceptive products to women. OBJECTIVES:Our objecti...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11598040-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11595420-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent leading article in PharmacoEconomics, Nuijten described some methods for incorporating uncertainty into health economic models and for utilising the information on uncertainty regarding the cost effectiveness of a therapy in resource allocation decision-making. His proposals are found to suffer from seriou...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200523060-00001
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review regulation of two important parameters for third-party payers and manufacturers of prescription drugs: regulation of reimbursement and pricing. We find that centralised regulation of reimbursement and pricing prevails in the 15 original EU member countries (EU-15) and in European Free Trade Association (EFTA...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200725060-00001
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, the most important issue in US pharmaceutical policy is probably cost containment. Research into pharmaceutical issues should therefore concentrate on this area. Analysis of changing trends in pharmaceutical expenditures, particularly during the early 1990s, would be a useful starting point. Research into t...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199600102-00019
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmaceutical industry's core business is the innovation, development and marketing of new drugs. Pharmacogenetic (PG) testing and technology has the potential to increase a drug's value in many ways. A critical issue for the industry is whether products in development should be teamed with genetic tests that cou...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200017050-00007
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although decision making about what drugs to include in an institutional formulary appears to lend itself readily to quantitative techniques such as decision analysis and cost-benefit analysis, a review of the literature reveals that very little has been published in this area. Several of the published decision analy...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199303060-00005
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-019-00822-4
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199814040-00009
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199915010-00006
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacoeconomics of the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism have mostly been investigated in cost-effectiveness studies that estimated direct costs associated with treatment, using decision analyses and clinical outcome data from randomised con...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200220040-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712010-00009
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of the Single Technology Appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer (AstraZeneca) of durvalumab (IMFINZITM) to submit evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of durvalumab for the treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresecta...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
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更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0068-z
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00