Abstract:
:Vaccines have made a major contribution to public health, including the eradication of one deadly disease, small pox, and the near eradication of another, poliomyelitis.Through the introduction of new vaccines, such as those against rotavirus and pneumococcal diseases, and with further improvements in coverage, vaccination can significantly contribute to the achievement of the health-related United Nations Millennium Development Goals.The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) was developed by WHO and UNICEF as a framework for strengthening national immunization programmes and protect as many people as possible against more diseases by expanding the reach of immunization, including new vaccines, to every eligible person.This paper briefly reviews global progress and challenges with respect to public vaccination programmes.The most striking recent achievement has been that of reduction of global measles mortality from an estimated 750,000 deaths in 2000 down to 197,000 in 2007. Global vaccination coverage trends continued to be positive. In 2007 most regions reached more than 80% of their target populations with three doses of DPT containing vaccines. However, the coverage remains well short of the 2010 goal on 90% coverage, particularly in the WHO region of Africa (estimated coverage 74%), and South-East Asia, (estimated coverage 69%). Elements that have contributed to the gain in immunization coverage include national multi-year planning, district-level planning and monitoring, re-establishment of outreach services and the establishment of national budget lines for immunization services strengthening.Remaining challenges include the need to: develop and implement strategies for reaching the difficult to reach; support evidence-based decisions to prioritize new vaccines for introduction; strengthening immunization systems to deliver new vaccines; expand vaccination to include older age groups; scale up vaccine preventable disease surveillance; improve quality of immunization coverage monitoring and use the data to improve programme performance; and explore financing options for reaching the GIVS goals, particularly in lower-middle income countries.Although introduction of new vaccines is important,this should not be at the expense of sustaining existing immunization activities. Instead the introduction of new vaccine introduction should be viewed as an opportunity to strengthen immunization systems, increase vaccine coverage and reduce inequities of access to immunization services.
journal_name
BMC Int Health Hum Rightsjournal_title
BMC international health and human rightsauthors
Duclos P,Okwo-Bele JM,Gacic-Dobo M,Cherian Tdoi
10.1186/1472-698X-9-S1-S2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-14 00:00:00pages
S2issn
1472-698Xpii
1472-698X-9-S1-S2journal_volume
9 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Women, especially those who marry as children, experience various forms and degrees of exclusion and discrimination. Early marriage is a harmful traditional practice that continues to affect millions around the world. Though it has declined over the years, it is still pervasive in developing countries. In Et...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-020-00249-5
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vietnam is shifting toward integrating HIV services into the public health system using social health insurance (SHI), and the HIV service delivery system is becoming decentralized. The study aim was to investigate current SHI coverage and patients' perspectives on this transition. METHODS:A survey of 1348 ...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0221-7
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: Maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality rates remain high in rural areas of developing countries. Most deliveries take place at home and care-seeking behaviour is often delayed. We report on a combined quantitative and qualitative study of care seeking obstacles and practices relating to perinatal illne...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-3-3
更新日期:2003-08-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Indian Ocean region, including Mauritius. National records suggest a prevalence of HIV in Mauritius of < 1% in the general population, which is one of the lowest prevalence rates in southern Africa. However, HIV-positive cases have been increasing recently i...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-7-8
更新日期:2007-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are various harmful traditional practices and beliefs across the different parts of Ethiopia. Shilshalo, which is yet little known about, is one of these practices existing in Argoba, a community in Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. This study was conducted to explore the various features ass...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-018-0179-x
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (CASHD) is increasing in India. Several modifiable risk factors contribute directly to this disease burden. Public knowledge of such risk factors among the urban Indian population is largely unknown. This investigation attempts to quantify knowledge of...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-9-2
更新日期:2009-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper broadly discusses the role of the State of Bangladesh in the context of the health system and human rights. The interrelation between human rights, health and development are well documented. The recognition of health as a fundamental right by WHO and subsequent approval of health as an instrument...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-6-4
更新日期:2006-04-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The health status and lifestyle of migrants is often poorer than that of the general population of their host countries. The Nepalese represent a relatively small, but growing, immigrant community in the UK, about whom very little is known in term of public health. Therefore, our study examined the health an...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-8-6
更新日期:2008-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The rights of women and people living with HIV (PLHIV) are protected under South African law, yet there is a gap in the application of these laws. While there are numerous systemic and social barriers to women's and PLHIV's exercise of their legal rights and rights to access social services, there has been l...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-016-0077-z
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One of the main treatment procedures is through medicine prescription. Considering the rising burden of drug costs, we conducted this study to estimate the impoverishing effects of medicine on Iranian households. METHOD:We carried out calculations based on the Iranian National Household Survey for the year ...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0210-x
更新日期:2019-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a growing understanding of the role social determinants such as poverty, gender discrimination, racial prejudice, and economic inequality play on health and illness. While these determinants and effects may be challenging to identify in parts of high-income countries, they are patently obvious in ma...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-014-0029-4
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Worldwide, thousands of children are acting in different roles in armed groups. Whereas human rights activism and humanitarian imperatives tend to emphasize the image of child soldiers as incapable victims of adults' abusive compulsion, this image does not fully correspond with prevailing pedagogical and jur...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0068-5
更新日期:2015-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The current political crisis, conflicts and riots in many Middle Eastern and African countries have led to massive migration waves towards Europe. European countries, receiving these migratory waves as first port of entry (POE) over the past few years, were confronted with several challenges as a result of the sheer v...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/s12914-018-0150-x
更新日期:2018-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:: Corruption is a serious threat to global health outcomes, leading to financial waste and adverse health consequences. Yet, forms of corruption impacting global health are endemic worldwide in public and private sectors, and in developed and resource-poor settings alike. Allegations of misuse of funds and fraud in glo...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-12-23
更新日期:2012-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC) at antenatal care (ANC) settings allows pregnant women to learn the HIV status of themselves and their partners. Couples can make decisions together to prevent HIV transmission. In Thailand, men were tested at ANC settings only if their pregnant partners were HIV pos...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-014-0039-2
更新日期:2014-12-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In this article we describe a phenomenological lifeworld study based on the theory of communicative action of 13 women with noncommunicable disease (NCDs) in a rural area in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to generate key concepts of health care access and the management of NCDs in a rural South A...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0051-1
更新日期:2015-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To determine whether training of providers participating in franchise clinic networks is associated with increased Family Planning service use among low-income urban families in Pakistan. METHODS:The study uses 2001 survey data consisting of interviews with 1113 clinical and non-clinical providers working i...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-10-26
更新日期:2010-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) are likely to deliver lower quality maternity care compared to professional health workers. It is important to characterize women who are assisted by TBAs in order to design interventions specific to such groups. We thus conducted a study to assess if socio-economic status...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-9-7
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public health research is shifting focus to the role of socioeconomic indicators in the promotion of health. As such an understanding of the roles that socio-economic factors play in improving health and health-seeking behaviour is important for public health policy. This is because the share of resources de...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-6-1
更新日期:2006-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND:Given that many low income countries are heavily reliant on external assistance to fund their health sectors the acceptance of obligations of international assistance and cooperation with regard to the right to health (global health obligations) is insufficiently understood and studied by intern...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-12-31
更新日期:2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study explored how employed caregivers experience the interface between child care, parental control and child rights in the context of Children's Homes in Ghana. The focus was on investigating caregiver perceptions of proper child care, their experiences with having to work with child rights principles...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-018-0151-9
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In September 2003, the Canadian government committed to developing legislation that would facilitate greater access to affordable medicines for developing countries. Over the course of eight months, the legislation, now known as Canada's Access to Medicines Regime (CAMR), went through a controversial policy ...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-10-1
更新日期:2010-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a significant aspect of adolescents' growth, safeguarded by SRH rights (SRHR). Despite various global efforts to promote adolescents SRHR (ASRHR), the majority of adolescents still lack awareness and autonomy to access SRH related information and services. This researc...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-017-0113-7
更新日期:2017-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Costa Rica, like other developing countries, is experiencing an increasing burden of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), especially among its elderly population. This article has two goals: (1) to assess the level of metabolic control among the diabetic population age >or= 60 years old in Cost...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-8-5
更新日期:2008-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite a substantial decrease in child mortality in Ethiopia over the past decade, neonatal mortality remains unchanged (37/1000 live-births). This paper describes a qualitative study on beliefs and practices on immediate newborn and postnatal care in four rural communities of Ethiopia conducted to inform d...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-14-17
更新日期:2014-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diversity in Europe has both increased and become more complex posing challenges to both national and local welfare state regimes. Evidence indicates specific barriers for migrant, faith and minority ethnic groups when accessing healthcare. However, previous studies of health in diverse cities in European co...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0055-x
更新日期:2015-06-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myanmar/Burma has received increased development and humanitarian assistance since the election in November 2010. Monitoring the impact of foreign assistance and economic development on health and human rights requires knowledge of pre-election conditions. METHODS:From October 2008-January 2009, community-b...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-14-15
更新日期:2014-05-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Armed conflict potentially poses serious challenges to access and quality of maternal and reproductive health (MRH) services, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. The effects of armed conflict may vary from one setting to another, including the mechanisms/channels through which the confli...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0045-z
更新日期:2015-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Under the "two countries, one system" policy implemented by China to manage the return of Hong Kong's sovereignty, Hong Kong has maintained a comparatively prosperous economy within the Asian region. This has resulted in an environment which fosters migration from the mainland to Hong Kong, due largely to pr...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-698X-8-13
更新日期:2008-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. They are at risk of poor physical and mental health outcomes, much of this attributed to traumatic events prior to migration and the additional risk factors refugees face in the host nations. However, how migration factors shape the health of res...
journal_title:BMC international health and human rights
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0198-2
更新日期:2019-04-30 00:00:00