Abstract:
:This study examines hypotheses and builds models to help clarify the causal connections between drugs and violence outcomes among Mexican-American male gang members. The study uses cross-sectional data of 160 male gang members sampled from 26 gangs in a Southwestern city. A life-history /intensive interview using closed and open-ended questions and a violence risk psychometric test (PFAV) also employed 10 scenario questions to elicit self-produced accounts of the participant's last fight. Gang member participant's ages ranged from 14 to 25 years with a mean age of 18.5 years. The study concludes that drug use interacts with an individual gang member's risk for violence to affect violent behavior outcomes. Furthermore, an important situational variable explaining violent outcomes among respondents scoring high on the violence risk measure was whether the rival was using drugs that resulted in high intoxication levels. The study concludes that drugs have a modulating and mediating influence on violence that is conditioned by situational and individual level variables among members of these adolescent street gangs.
journal_name
J Psychoactive Drugsjournal_title
Journal of psychoactive drugsauthors
Valdez A,Kaplan CD,Cepeda Adoi
10.1080/02791072.2006.10399835subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
109-21issue
2eissn
0279-1072issn
2159-9777journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:A wide variety of somatic complications is reported or expected among cocaine users because of the adulterant levamisole. Most of the reports come from North America. METHODS:To update the data on levamisole-adulterated cocaine in European countries, we present here a synthesis of data on samples seized by ...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.959215
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using archival data from Bay Area Addiction Research and Treatment (BAART), a methadone treatment provider, this study examined the efficacy of the clinical intervention of counseling on cocaine use by BAART patients. California State Assembly Bill 2071 mandated that patients at methadone clinics be required to underg...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1080/02791072.2003.10400009
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional ayahuasca can be defined as a brew made from Amazonian vine Banisteriopsis caapi and Amazonian admixture plants. Ayahuasca is used by indigenous groups in Amazonia, as a sacrament in syncretic Brazilian religions, and in healing and spiritual ceremonies internationally. The study aimed to determine concent...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1815911
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::It is important to identify social conditions, program factors, and client characteristics that predict retention because time in substance abuse treatment is associated with improved health, mood, and social functioning. Treatment dropouts also are at high risk for serious harms, including relapse. Most opioid-depend...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399832
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::College students across the U.S. engage in nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) at increasing rates. While it has been found that use is frequently motivated by a belief that stimulants will act as a study aid, little is known about predictors of NMUPS. The present study addressed impulsivity, outcome exp...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.662083
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The federal government is making a significant contribution to the treatment of adolescents with substance use disorders. However, funds are scattered across a number of policy domains. While some federal policies are complementary, many overlap, illustrating not only the complexity of collaborative efforts on the par...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02791072.2004.10524425
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and ASSIST-linked brief intervention in a college mental health clinic. Data are from a single group, pre-post evaluation study (2006-2009) at a university counseling center. Student...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.718647
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary research has shown that a high number of alcohol-dependent and other drug-dependent individuals have a sweet preference, specifically for foods with a high sucrose concentration. Moreover, both human and animal studies have demonstrated that in some brains the consumption of sugar-rich foods or drinks pri...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2010.10400687
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Men can present unique challenges when they come voluntarily or involuntarily to substance abuse groups. Twelve considerations are offered for working with men that include understanding the context of masculinity, how men are socialized, the gender of the therapist, their relationships with their fathers and their ch...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10399777
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a growing focus on identifying factors that underlie and maintain bulimic symptoms and substance use disorders (SUDs), as both are associated with high mortality and poor clinical outcomes. Experiential avoidance has been an area of interest within both the eating disorder and SUD fields, as it is a rob...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1368746
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents the first comprehensive review of studies of alcohol and illicit substance use in mentally retarded individuals, including prevalence, and recommendations for assessment and treatment. Mentally retarded persons appear to use/abuse alcohol at about the same rate as their noncognitively-impaired co...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10400452
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the regulatory drafting process, California considered allowing police officers to become licensed owners of cannabis businesses, an action that would have codified a conflict of interest (COI), allowing police to exert influence in two market strata, enforcement and licensure. Up until then, no state specifica...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1627444
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand methamphetamine (MA) use patterns and the process of recovery, qualitative interviews were conducted with adult MA users (n = 20), comparing a sample that received substance abuse treatment with those who had not received treatment. Respondents provided detailed information on why and how they cha...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.914611
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This qualitative study, presented in two parts, refines the model of how chemically dependent adolescents initiate and engage in the recovery process. Part 1 describes the research process and results used to derive the model. The model was derived from theory grounded in verbatim reports of 30 chemically dependent pa...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2004.10400033
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and suicidal ideation in a sample of 245 injection drug users (IDUs) who attended the Baltimore Needle Exchange Program and received a referral for opiate agonist therapy. Data were obtained from baseline interviews and HIV antibody tests. The sample mean age...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2007.10399874
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine, called meth, crystal, or speed, is a central nervous system stimulant that can be injected, smoked, snorted, or ingested orally; prolonged use at high levels results in dependence. Methamphetamine (MA) is a derivative of amphetamine, which was widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a medication f...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10400221
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system rewarding properties of ethanol, cocaine, and heroin may activate a common catecholaminergic reward system in the mesolimbic circuitry of the brain. Driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders with either alcohol- or cocaine-related problems were studied. The neuronutrients SAAVE and Tropami...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472542
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients experiencing both a major psychiatric disorder and a concurrent substance abuse problem (dual diagnosis) manifest greater neuropsychological dysfunctions than patients experiencing a major psychiatric disorder alone. Differences in diagnostic variability an...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.1993.10472242
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalant use is a serious global problem with consequences equal to or surpassing those of other drugs. Regrettably, few prior studies have examined inhalant users' patterns of service and treatment utilization. The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with service use and barriers to treatment amon...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2011.566504
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure and headache frequency were evaluated in normotensive male and female cocaine-dependent patients (N=43) participating in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of amlodipine for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Amlodipine produced a significant reduction in both systolic (p=0.04) and diastolic (p=...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02791072.2002.10399983
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-five alcohol-dependent patients according to DSM-IV criteria who also met criteria for treatment resistance were treated with doses of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ranging between 25 and 100 mg/kg/die in an open one-year study. The results show that no patients discontinued the program during the first month of ...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2001.10400478
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between authoritarian ideology and attitudes and beliefs about illegal drugs, the War on Drugs, and prevention strategies were investigated among 353 university faculty, administrators, and students. A confidential mail survey assessed five variables: right-wing authoritarianism, attitude toward drug...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399672
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Aztecs in pre-Columbian Mexico used not only a large number of single hallucinogens, they also used some combinations. The present article describes reports of the use of teotlaqualli, an unction prepared from ololiuhqui and picietl, with a large number of additions. The work of the chroniclers of pre-Columbian Me...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.1999.10471773
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are negative effects to inappropriate use of benzodiazepines, yet the percentage of young people in Ireland experimenting with benzodiazepines has increased. There is a paucity of research about why Irish young people misuse benzodiazepines. In this study, people between 18 and 25 years attending substance misus...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1371365
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Asia, Mitragyna speciosa (e.g., "kratom") has been used to mitigate alcohol and drug dependence. Some preliminary findings suggest kratom's potential use as an informal harm-reduction method in the United States, such as an opioid substitute or as a means of lessening opioid withdrawal symptoms. To determine correl...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1597224
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "date rape drug" has traditionally been applied by the media to powerful sedatives, such as gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), which can render a person unconscious and hence unable to resist and/or recall an assault. However, some law enforcement agents and others have recently obtaine...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399822
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychedelic drugs have historically been used for ritualistic purposes and to help individuals gain insight. Ibogaine, a naturally occurring psychoactive substance, has been reported to have anti-addictive properties that aid in the treatment of substance use disorders. An online survey obtained retrospective data fro...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1290855
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existent profiles of Medical Marijuana Program (MMP) participants indicate common and co-morbid chronic diseases, yet evidence on disability or functioning as well as comparisons with general populations are largely lacking. This study compared health, substance use, and functioning status among formally approved MMP ...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1264648
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methoxphenidine (MXP) was one of several NMDA antagonists marketed in 2013 to replace the recently controlled compound Methoxetamine (MXE). A steep rise in user interest was recorded, despite vendor cautioning of limited user feedback. The study presented a phenomenological analysis of MXP experiences amongst recreati...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.974002
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis is generally used to enhance mood (quality of life), but it is not known whether it has this effect in the medium to longer term. Little is currently known about the temporal sequence between cannabis use and the quality of life (QOL). Data are taken from a prospective longitudinal study of pregnant women rec...
journal_title:Journal of psychoactive drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02791072.2015.1014121
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00