Abstract:
:The ability to discriminate phonetically similar speech sounds is evident quite early in development. However, inexperienced word learners do not always use this information in processing word meanings [Stager & Werker (1997). Nature, 388, 381-382]. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine developmental changes from 14 to 20 months in brain activity important in processing phonetic detail in the context of meaningful words. ERPs were compared to three types of words: words whose meanings were known by the child (e.g., ''bear''), nonsense words that differed by an initial phoneme (e.g., ''gare''), and nonsense words that differed from the known words by more than one phoneme (e.g., ''kobe''). These results supported the behavioral findings suggesting that inexperienced word learners do not use information about phonetic detail when processing word meanings. For the 14-month-olds, ERPs to known words (e.g., ''bear'') differed from ERPs to phonetically dissimilar nonsense words (e.g., ''kobe''), but did not differ from ERPs to phonetically similar nonsense words (e.g., ''gare''), suggesting that known words and similar mispronunciations were processed as the same word. In contrast, for experienced word learners (i. e., 20-month-olds), ERPs to known words (e.g., ''bear'') differed from those to both types of nonsense words (''gare'' and ''kobe''). Changes in the lateral distribution of ERP differences to known and unknown (nonce) words between 14 and 20 months replicated previous findings. The findings suggested that vocabulary development is an important factor in the organization of neural systems linked to processing phonetic detail within the context of word comprehension.
journal_name
J Cogn Neuroscijournal_title
Journal of cognitive neuroscienceauthors
Mills DL,Prat C,Zangl R,Stager CL,Neville HJ,Werker JFdoi
10.1162/0898929042304697subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
1452-64issue
8eissn
0898-929Xissn
1530-8898journal_volume
16pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::On the basis of results from behavioral studies that spatial attention improves the exclusion of external noise in the target region, we predicted that attending to a spatial region would reduce the impact of external noise on the BOLD response in corresponding cortical areas, seen as reduced BOLD responses in conditi...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21511
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate how L1 phonology and semantics affect processing of interlingual homographs by manipulating language context before, and auditory input during, a visual experiment in the L2. Three experiments contained German--English homograph primes (gift=German "poison") in English sentences and was performed by Ger...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21015
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural mechanisms that mediate metacognitive ability (the capacity to accurately reflect on one's own cognition and experience) remain poorly understood. An important question is whether metacognitive capacity is a domain-general skill supported by a core neuroanatomical substrate or whether regionally specific ne...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00741
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two coordinated experiments using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) investigated whether the brain represents language form (grammatical structure) separately from its meaning content (semantics). While in the scanner, 14 young, unimpaired adults listened to simple sentences that were either nonanomalous or...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/08989290051137648
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perception is inherently subjective, and individual differences in phenomenology are well illustrated by the phenomenon of synesthesia (highly specific, consistent, and automatic cross-modal experiences, in which the external stimulus corresponding to the additional sensation is absent). It is unknown why some people ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01105
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is not clear how salient distractors affect visual processing. The debate concerning the issue of whether irrelevant salient items capture spatial attention [e.g., Theeuwes, J., Atchley, P., & Kramer, A. F. On the time course of top-down and bottom-up control of visual attention. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), A...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21390
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning a new word requires discrimination between a novel sequence of sounds and similar known words. We investigated whether semantic information facilitates the acquisition of new phonological representations in adults and whether this learning enhancement is modulated by overnight consolidation. Participants lear...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00730
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional auditory oddball paradigms imply the brain's ability to encode regularities, but are not optimal for investigating the process of regularity establishment. In the present study, a dynamic experimental protocol was developed that simulates a more realistic auditory environment with changing regularities. Th...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.10.1664
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a visual signal to influence the localization of an auditory target (i.e., "cross-modal bias") was examined as a function of the spatial disparity between the two stimuli and their absolute locations in space. Three experimental issues were examined: (a) the effect of a spatially disparate visual stimul...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892903321107792
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine (DA) has been implicated in modulating multiple cognitive control processes, including the robust maintenance of task sets and memoranda in the face of distractors (cognitive stability) and, conversely, the ability to switch task sets or update the contents of working memory when it is advantageous to do so (...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01518
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is substantial evidence that object representations in adults are dynamically updated by learning. However, it is not clear to what extent these effects are induced by active processing of visual objects in a particular task context on top of the effects of mere exposure to the same objects. Here we show that th...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21089
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior exposure to a stimulus can facilitate the performance to subsequent presentations of that stimulus. ERP studies have shown that this facilitation is associated with the modulation of two components (N400 and P600). Investigation of the time course of both behavioral and ERP repetition effects have led to the ass...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892999563526
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization of oscillations among brain areas is understood to mediate network communication supporting cognition, perception, and language. How task-dependent synchronization during word production develops throughout childhood and adolescence, as well as how such network coherence is related to the development o...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00879
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well documented that providing advanced information regarding the spatial location of a target stimulus (i.e., spatial anticipation) or its timing of occurrence (i.e., temporal anticipation) influences reach preparation, reducing RTs. Yet, it remains unknown whether the RT gains attributable to temporal and spat...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01547
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A configural theory of human amnesia is proposed. The theory predicts that amnesic patients will exhibit selective deficits on tasks that normal subjects perform by learning new configurations of stimulus elements. This prediction is supported by results for four amnesic patients who learned a nonconfigural control ta...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892998562915
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual imagery is a basic form of cognition central to activities such as problem solving or creative thinking. Phenomena such as mental rotation, in which mental images undergo spatial transformations, and motion imagery, in which we imagine objects in motion, are very elusive. For example, although several aspects o...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892903322598184
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that the target areas of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, the dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS), are differently involved in reinforcement learning especially as actor and critic. Whereas the critic learns to predict rewards, the actor maintains action values to guide future decisions. The diff...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21092
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generating words according to a given rule relies on retrieval-related search and postretrieval control processes. Using fMRI, we recently characterized neural patterns of word generation in response to episodic, semantic, and phonemic cues by comparing free recall of wordlists, category fluency, and letter fluency [S...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00976
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chronology of events in time-space is naturally available to the senses, and the spatial and temporal dimensions of events entangle in episodic memory when navigating the real world. The mapping of time-space during navigation in both animals and humans implicates the hippocampal formation. Yet, one arguably uniqu...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01586
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological studies consistently find N400 effects of semantic incongruity in nonnative (L2) language comprehension. These N400 effects are often delayed compared with native (L1) comprehension, suggesting that semantic integration in one's second language occurs later than in one's first language. In this st...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21301
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tactile-visual links in spatial attention were examined by presenting spatially nonpredictive tactile cues to the left or right hand, shortly prior to visual targets in the left or right hemifield. To examine the spatial coordinates of any crossmodal links, different postures were examined. The hands were either uncro...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/08989290152001899
更新日期:2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of word repetition are extremely robust, but can these effects be modulated by discourse context? We examined this in an ERP experiment that tested coreferential processing (when two expressions refer to the same person) with repeated names. ERPs were measured to repeated names and pronoun controls in two cond...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892904970744
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the sources of dual-task costs arising in multisensory working memory (WM) tasks, where stimuli from different modalities have to be simultaneously maintained. Performance decrements relative to unimodal single-task baselines have been attributed to a modality-unspecific central WM store, but such cost...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01348
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viewing of single words produces a cognitively complex mental state in which anticipation, emotional responses, visual perceptual analysis, and activation of orthographic representations are all occurring. Previous PET studies have produced conflicting results, perhaps due to the conflation of these separate processes...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.441
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a stimulus is associated with a reward, it becomes prioritized, and the allocation of attention to that stimulus increases. For low-level features, such as color, this reward-based allocation of attention can manifest early in time and as a faster and stronger shift of attention to targets with that color, as ref...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00917
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perceptual system integrates synchronized auditory-visual signals in part to promote individuation of objects in cluttered environments. The processing of auditory-visual synchrony may more generally contribute to cognition by synchronizing internally generated multimodal signals. Reading is a prime example becaus...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01052
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with residual nonfluent aphasia after ischemic stroke received an intention treatment that was designed to shift intention and language production mechanisms from the frontal lobe of the damaged left hemisphere to the right frontal lobe. Consistent with experimental hypotheses, the first patient showed im...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1162/0898929053279487
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Previous research suggests that the right hemisphere (RH) may contribute uniquely to the processing of metaphoric language. However, causal relationships between local brain activity in the RH and metaphors comprehension were never established. In addition, most studies have focused on familiar metaphoric exp...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20005
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Patients with frontal lobe lesions were adminstered tests of paired-associate learning in which cue and response words are manipulated to increase interference across two study lists. In one test of paired-associate learning (AB-AC test), cue words used in one list are repeated in a second list but are associ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.144
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occipito-temporal cortex is strongly implicated in carrying out the high-level computations associated with vision. In human neuroimaging studies, focal regions are consistently found within this broad region that respond strongly and selectively to faces, bodies, or objects. A notable feature of these selective r...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00091
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00