Abstract:
:In this review, the economic aspects of pneumococcal pneumonia are analysed, including the costs, cost effectiveness and cost benefit of treatment and prevention. We identified eight cost-of-illness studies, 15 analyses comparing the costs of different treatment options and 15 economic evaluations of prevention that met our search criteria. The studies were conducted largely in Europe and the US. Most pertained to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in general, without specific analysis of pneumococcus-related illness. Many of the studies were considered to be of poor quality for the following reasons: comparison without randomisation or control variables, disregard of health outcomes, small sample size, restriction of costs to drug costs and vague or disputable sources of cost information. In the US, hospitalisation costs resulting from CAP can be estimated to be between US 7,000 dollars and US 8,000 dollars per admission or US 4 million dollars per 100,000 population. Hospitalisation costs are significant (representing about 90% of total costs), but are much lower in Europe than in the US (one-third to one-ninth of the US estimates in the UK and Spain, respectively). In general, economic studies of treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia are in line with clinical evidence. A drug with proven clinical effectiveness would also appear to be supported from an economic stand point. Furthermore, economic data support an early switch from an intravenous to an oral antibacterial, the use of quinolones for inpatients with CAP, and also the use of guidelines built on clinical evidence. Of all the possible preventive strategies for pneumococcal pneumonia, only vaccination has been subjected to economic evaluation. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine seems relatively cost effective (and potentially cost saving) for those between 65 and 75 years of age, for military recruits and for HIV positive patients with a sufficiently high CD4 cell count. Evaluations of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) indicate the price of the vaccine to be the main determinant of cost effectiveness. As the current price is high (in the order of US 50 dollars per dose), the economic attractiveness of the universal PCV vaccination strategies hinges on the potential for price reductions and the willingness of decision makers to adopt a societal perspective.
journal_name
Pharmacoeconomicsjournal_title
PharmacoEconomicsauthors
De Graeve D,Beutels Pdoi
10.2165/00019053-200422110-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
719-40issue
11eissn
1170-7690issn
1179-2027pii
22113journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Drug utilisation in term and preterm neonates (i.e. less than 28 days of age) has been investigated prospectively in 4 clinical studies during the past 10 years. 3880 neonates with a mean gestational age of 34.5 weeks (corresponding birthweight 2280g) were enrolled in these studies. An overview indicates a high prev...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199304060-00005
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several vaccine and antibody candidates are currently in development for the prevention of lower respiratory tract infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and SCOPUS and included model-based evaluations of RSV vaccinations. Two reviewers performed the...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/s40273-020-00991-7
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Within the framework of economic evaluations, the transferability of utility scores between jurisdictions remains unclear. The EQ-5D is a generic instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in economic evaluations, which can be used for comparing utility scores across countries. At present, the E...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11314120-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cost of the development of a new drug product, from concept and synthesis of a new chemical entity to safety and efficacy testing, to the approval process and postmarketing surveillance, has more than quadrupled in the last 20 years. To amortise these costs, the pharmaceutical industry has taken on international ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199202050-00005
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::External genital warts (EGW) are a sexually transmitted infection caused by various strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Several studies have described the direct and indirect costs of EGW, while others have reported on the burden of EGW in terms of the impact on the quality of life (QOL) of patients. The arrival of...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11591170-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation in the number of economic evaluations of pharmaceuticals to meet the growing demand for information about the economic benefits of healthcare technologies. The majority of these studies have been commissioned by pharmaceutical companies for the purposes of drawing a...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200220020-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A systematic review of dementia cost-of-illness (COI) studies in the US and Canada was conducted to explore the policy-making relevance of these studies. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EconLit, AMED and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2010 for English-language COI articles. Content analysis was used to ex...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11539450-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To assess the relative cost effectiveness of escitalopram compared with venlafaxine XR in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS:An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a double-blind, multinational, randomised clinical trial and examined the costs and quality of life of 251 patients taking ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-200523020-00007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To review and critically evaluate published cost-utility analyses (CUAs) pertaining to pharmaceuticals for the past 3 decades. We examined data from the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry (www.cearegistry.org), which contains detailed information on English-language CUAs and their ratios (in $US...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11312720-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper economic evaluation involves comparative analysis of alternative courses of action in terms of both costs and outcome. This is difficult for general anaesthesia as there are few alternatives and measurement of outcome is difficult to define. All that is generally available is a cost description of different a...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199303020-00005
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and actinic keratosis are becoming an increasingly important healthcare problem. There are approximately 1 million cases of NMSC in the US each year, primarily basal cell carcinomas, and the incidence is increasing. Although NMSC is significant in terms of both health risk and the resou...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422020-00002
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Swedish formulary committees are expected to influence prescribing practice by establishing and issuing drug lists and clinical practice guidelines, particularly now that financial responsibility for prescription drugs has been transferred from the national to the county council level. OBJECTIVE:The purpose...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200017020-00006
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This willingness-to-pay (WTP) analysis is the first study of its kind undertaken in Australia to support an application for listing of a new drug on the Australian national formulary. The technique offers the advantage of being able to summarise diverse outcomes of therapy in a single unit of measure. Willingness to p...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199813030-00009
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pharmaceutical policy reform is currently one of the primary areas of health reform in China. The national pharmaceutical policy of China has multiple objectives: to develop the domestic pharmaceutical industry and encourage innovation, to control escalation of total pharmaceutical expenditures (TPE) which c...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0072-3
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interventions in health care often not only have an effect on patients, but also on their informal caregivers. Caregiving can have a profound impact on the health and wellbeing of carers. Ignoring these spillovers in economic evaluations risks labelling interventions mistakenly as cost-effective, at the expe...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-018-0724-4
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-dose aspirin (ASA) is effective for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke but can increase the risks of hemorrhagic stroke, upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and dyspepsia. Prophylactic administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduces the risks of these digestive symptoms. We investigated ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-015-0289-4
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Open-heart surgery (OHS) is performed to bypass occluded arteries, replace malfunctioning cardiac valves or correct congenital abnormalities. The average cost of OHS varies from $US25 057-$US79 795 (1997 values). The objective of this paper was to review economic studies of pharmacological strategies in open-heart sur...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321040-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of surgical amputation for critical leg ischaemia in New Zealand, and estimate the hospital, prostheses and indirect costs of this intervention. The cost of amputations was then compared with the cost of treating such patients with iloprost. The study was retr...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199406020-00007
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Like other developed countries with aging populations, Sweden is expecting large increases in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and corresponding escalations in the cost of care for patients with this disease. Galantamine, a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic modulator, has proved effective...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200220090-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the past decade, the range of contraceptives available has increased dramatically. There are limited data on the factors that determine women's choices on contraceptive alternatives or what factors providers consider most important when recommending contraceptive products to women. OBJECTIVES:Our objecti...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11598040-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common medical problem costing billions of dollars annually around the world. Since the availability of the first histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, many economic analyses have been conducted to compare the impact of this drug class on resource consumption. H2-Antagonists h...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199405040-00006
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several randomised comparative trials have shown that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reduces the duration of neutropenia, hospitalisation and intravenous antibacterial use in patients with cancer who are receiving high-dosage antineoplastic therapy. However, one area that has received less attention is ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199711060-00005
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientific reviewing methods were applied to economic studies of influenza vaccination, and an economic model of influenza vaccination was developed from these primary sources. Issues arising from the secondary literature review include the quality of evidence on the effectiveness of the vaccines, the absence of a tra...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199600093-00015
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluconazole (FLU) is an alternative to amphotericin B (AMB) for the treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. This agent has similar clinical efficacy but significantly reduced adverse effects compared with AMB. Using the database from a Canadian randomised multicentre comparative trial of FLU versus AMB in...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199813050-00004
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the economic value of pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese patients using orlistat in addition to standard diabetes therapy (i.e., a sulphonlyurea, metformin or insulin) and weight management strategies as compared with standard diabetes therapy and weight ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321070-00005
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key outcome in cost-utility analyses, which are commonly used to inform healthcare decisions. Different instruments exist to evaluate HRQoL, however while some jurisdictions have a preferred system, no gold standard exists. Standard meta-analysis struggles with the...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-019-00843-z
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the economic efficiency of meloxicam, a cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitor, versus diclofenac and piroxicam in the UK for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis and the impact on the NHS budget of substituting nonselective NSAIDs with meloxicam. Methods and perspective: A decision an...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321060-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become increasingly popular to carry out cost-effectiveness analyses in economic evaluations of healthcare programmes. Cost-effectiveness analysis is based on the maximisation of the health effects for a given amount of resources. However, many published studies fail to report the results of cost-effectiveness ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199609020-00003
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this prospective sequential multinational (5 countries) study was to concurrently evaluate the effects of subcutaneous sumatriptan on clinical parameters, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) measures, workplace productivity and patient satisfaction. This report presents the HRQOL results. 582 patients (a...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2165/00019053-199700111-00005
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to a single error in the annual cost of sarilumab the following needs to be corrected in the article. ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40273-019-00857-7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00