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Airborne dispersal as a novel transmission route of coagulase-negative staphylococci: interaction between coagulase-negative staphylococci and rhinovirus infection.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether rhinovirus infection leads to increased airborne dispersal of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). DESIGN:Prospective nonrandomized intervention trial. SETTING:Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS:Twelve nasal Staphylococcus aureus-CoNS carriers among 685 students screened for S. aureus nasal carriage. INTERVENTIONS:Participants were studied for airborne dispersal of CoNS in a chamber under three conditions (street clothes, sterile gown with a mask, and sterile gown without a mask). After 2 days of pre-exposure measurements, volunteers were inoculated with a rhinovirus and observed for 14 days. Daily quantitative nasal and skin cultures for CoNS and nasal cultures for rhinovirus were performed. In addition, assessment of cold symptoms was performed daily, mucous samples were collected, and serum titers before and after rhinovirus inoculation were obtained. Sneezing, coughing, and talking events were recorded during chamber sessions. RESULTS:All participants had at least one nasal wash positive for rhinovirus and 10 developed a symptomatic cold. Postexposure, there was a twofold increase in airborne CoNS (P = .0004), peaking at day 12. CoNS dispersal was reduced by wearing a gown (57% reduction, P < .0001), but not a mask (P = .7). Nasal and skin CoNS colonization increased after rhinovirus infection (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS:We believe this is the first demonstration that a viral pathogen in the upper airways can increase airborne dispersal of CoNS in nasal S. aureus carriers. Gowns, gloves, and caps had a protective effect, whereas wearing a mask did not further reduce airborne spread.

journal_name

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol

journal_title

Infection control and hospital epidemiology

authors

Bischoff WE,Bassetti S,Bassetti-Wyss BA,Wallis ML,Tucker BK,Reboussin BA,D'Agostino RB Jr,Pfaller MA,Gwaltney JM Jr,Sherertz RJ

doi

10.1086/502430

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-06-01 00:00:00

pages

504-11

issue

eissn

0899-823X

issn

1559-6834

pii

ICHE8323

journal_volume

pub_type

杂志文章

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Airborne dispersal as a novel transmission route of coagulase-negative staphylococci: interaction between coagulase-negative staphylococci and rhinovirus infection.