Bacterial genomes as new gene homes: the genealogy of ORFans in E. coli.

Abstract:

:Differences in gene repertoire among bacterial genomes are usually ascribed to gene loss or to lateral gene transfer from unrelated cellular organisms. However, most bacteria contain large numbers of ORFans, that is, annotated genes that are restricted to a particular genome and that possess no known homologs. The uniqueness of ORFans within a genome has precluded the use of a comparative approach to examine their function and evolution. However, by identifying sequences unique to monophyletic groups at increasing phylogenetic depths, we can make direct comparisons of the characteristics of ORFans of different ages in the Escherichia coli genome, and establish their functional status and evolutionary rates. Relative to the genes ancestral to gamma-Proteobacteria and to those genes distributed sporadically in other prokaryotic species, ORFans in the E. coli lineage are short, A+T rich, and evolve quickly. Moreover, most encode functional proteins. Based on these features, ORFans are not attributable to errors in gene annotation, limitations of current databases, or to failure of methods for detecting homology. Rather, ORFans in the genomes of free-living microorganisms apparently derive from bacteriophage and occasionally become established by assuming roles in key cellular functions.

journal_name

Genome Res

journal_title

Genome research

authors

Daubin V,Ochman H

doi

10.1101/gr.2231904

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-06-01 00:00:00

pages

1036-42

issue

6

eissn

1088-9051

issn

1549-5469

pii

14/6/1036

journal_volume

14

pub_type

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