Abstract:
:Astroglia provide essential metabolic and neurotropic support to cells within the CNS and participate in the cellular immune response with microglia/macrophages following activation by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma. Activation of glial cells results in local oxidative stress and induction of a number of proteins including the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As a rate-limiting enzyme, IDO regulates tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway producing a series of metabolic precursors (some of which are neurotoxic) before complete oxidation to the essential pyridine nucleotide NAD. Inhibition of this pathway may therefore prove therapeutic in neuroinflammatory disease by reducing production of cell toxins. However, kynurenine metabolism may also be cytoprotective through de novo synthesis of cellular NAD levels. We investigated the hypothesis that IDO activity is directly involved in maintenance of intracellular [NAD] in activated astroglial cells through control of de novo synthesis. Exposure to IFN-gamma increased IDO activity from 7+/-1 nmol to 129+/-11 nmol kynurenine/hr/mg protein. Inhibition of IDO activity with either 6-chloro-D-tryptophan (competitive inhibition), or 3-ethoxy beta-carboline (non-competitive inhibition) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IDO activity that correlated directly with decreasing [NAD] (R(2)=0.92 and 0.81, respectively). These results support the hypothesis that one important consequence of increasing IDO activity in astroglial cells during inflammation is to maintain NAD levels through de novo synthesis from tryptophan. Inhibition of kynurenine pathway metabolism under these conditions may significantly decrease cell viability and CNS functions unless alternate precursors for NAD synthesis are available.
journal_name
Biochem Pharmacoljournal_title
Biochemical pharmacologyauthors
Grant R,Kapoor Vdoi
10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00464-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-15 00:00:00pages
1033-6issue
6eissn
0006-2952issn
1873-2968pii
S0006295203004647journal_volume
66pub_type
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