Abstract：
:Establishing cause-effect is critical in the field of natural resources where one may want to know the impact of management practices, wildfires, drought, etc. on water quality and quantity, wildlife, growth and survival of desirable trees for timber production, etc. Yet, key obstacles exist when trying to establish cause-effect in such contexts. Issues involved with identifying a causal hypothesis, and conditions needed to estimate a causal effect or to establish cause-effect are considered. Ideally one conducts an experiment and follows with a survey, or vice versa. In an experiment, the population of inference may be quite limited and in surveys, the probability distribution of treatment assignments is generally unknown and, if not accounted for, can cause serious errors when estimating causal effects. The latter is illustrated in simulation experiments of artificially generated forest populations using annual plot mortality as the response, drought as the cause, and age as a covariate that is correlated with mortality. We also consider the role of a vague unobservable covariate such as 'drought susceptibility'. Recommendations are made designed to maximize the possibility of identifying cause-effect relationships in large-scale natural resources surveys.
journal_name
Environ Monit Assessjournal_title
Environmental monitoring and assessmentauthors
Gadbury GL,Schreuder HTdoi
10.1023/a:1022681710991subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
205-27issue
3eissn
0167-6369issn
1573-2959journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Metal levels in fish have been extensively studied, but little data currently exists for the Middle East. We examined the levels of metals and metalloids (aluminum, arsenic, copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, and mercury) in the flesh of 13 fish species collected from three fishing sites and a local fish market in Jed...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-014-3885-4
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil heavy metal pollution due to wastewater reuse was assessed by means of the concentration factor (CF) and/or pollution load index (PLI).In this respect, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted, using a completely randomized block design, including five treatments of treated municipal wastewater (0%, 25%, 50%, 75...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-2420-0
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated pro...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple applications of nanoparticles (NPs) could result in their potential release into agricultural systems and raised concerns about food safety. The NPs once released in the environment may interact with numerous pollutants, including other NPs. Present study assessed the impact of a single (CuO and ZnO NPs) and ...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-019-7902-5
更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study used ultraviolet absorption (UVa) and the florescence intensity (FI) to evaluate the coagulation efficiency for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the raw water from Min-Ter, Li-Yu-Ten and Yun-Ho-Shen reservoirs in Taiwan. The results indicated that the ratio of DOC removal rate and FI remova...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:emas.0000038200.08396.0c
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Choosing a subset of representative items from a set of alternatives is an important problem in many scientific fields such as environmental science and statistics. For most practical problems, however, a computationally efficient solution method is not known to exist. While this problem has attracted a significant am...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-019-7938-6
更新日期：2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The inventories and the possible mechanisms behind the relative deficiency of both radium and uranium release processes within an elevated gamma-anomalous rock were investigated. A field survey was performed on the highest radioactive anomalous zone that was recorded at Jabal Al Alam (20° 13' 10.06″ N and 44° 14' 32.1...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-020-08518-5
更新日期：2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Scientists strive to develop efficient sampling protocols, reducing both the number of samples and processing time required, which can be adapted for use in a broad range of ecosystems. We investigated the accuracy and usefulness of artificial substrates in monitoring the impact of rising salinity on freshwater macroi...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-006-7669-3
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, a new systematic approach is designed to maximize the demand coverage and receiving waste load by river-reservoir systems while enhancing water quality criteria. The approach intends to control the reservoir eutrophication while developing a trade-off between the maximum receiving load and shortage on d...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-016-5386-0
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper presents water-quality evaluation based on an 8-year monitoring programme in the Gdansk Municipality region, on the Southern coast of the Baltic Sea. The studies were carried out from 2000 to 2007 by surface water analysis at 15 various sites within eight watercourses. Sampling sites included rather urbanize...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-2096-5
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Closed municipal and industrial waste landfill sites create potential hazard of ground water pollution. Pollutants that occur in leachate infiltrate to the soil substratum, where they are carried to in underground water. A municipal waste landfill substratum can be used for elimination of pollutants contained in leach...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-018-6776-2
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Five priority areas of potential impact by contaminants (API) were investigated at the Presidente Bernardes Refinery in Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil with the following aims: (i) to identify both organic and inorganic contaminants present in soil and groundwater; (ii) to define the environmental conditions relevant for m...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-006-7243-z
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicity in natural ecosystems is usually not due to exposure to a single substance, but is rather the result of exposure to mixtures of toxic substances. Knowing the effects of contaminants as a mixture compared to their effects in isolated form is therefore important. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stres...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-014-3925-0
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work is to characterize the mineral phases present in the atmosphere at three locations in northern Oman. Samples of atmospheric particles were collected using a high volume sampler. Three indoor and one outdoor location were chosen in this investigation. Sampling locations included a residential house...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-005-3112-4
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The river Ganges has been one of the major recipients of industrial effluents in India. The present paper deals with the study related to occurrence and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn) in the riverine water, sediment, and the muscles of two cat fish species, Channa punctatus (C. punctatus) and Aor...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-008-0547-4
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The knowledge about effects of different land use patterns on soil hydraulic properties is essential for best land management practices. This study examined hydraulic properties under different non-agricultural land uses in parts of Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. Fifteen clusters surface soil samples at a depth of 0-20 ...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-018-6959-x
更新日期：2018-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The removal of soluble contaminants from fractured porous bedrock by means of a recovery well is modeled by means of a lumped parameter approach. The diffusion of contaminant from immobile liquid within the pores of the fractured rock into the mobile liquid in the interstices is handled by means of a time constant the...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00398913
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) addition on cadmium (Cd) accumulation of two ecotypes (mining and farmland) of Solanum photeinocarpum was operated through a pot experiment. The results showed that the biomass and chlorophyll content of the two ecotypes of S. photeinocarpum increased with incr...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-016-5194-6
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emission of the dioxin-like compounds from on-site waste incinerators of seven schools in Kyonggi Province of Korea was evaluated by determination of the cytochrome P4501A(CYP1A) catalytic activity and antiestrogenic activity using cell culture microbioassay. The residue samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparat...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022402719842
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nowadays, taking advantage of multispectral sensors with the high spatial and spectral resolution and using a variety of plant indices and remote sensing have provided the possibility of more accurate analysis and classification of satellite data in the identification of natural phenomena. Nowadays, obtaining informat...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-020-08612-8
更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Presence of copper within water bodies deteriorates human health and degrades natural environment. This heavy metal in water is treated using a promising biochar derived from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peel through slow pyrolysis. This research compares the efficacies of artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive n...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-020-08268-4
更新日期：2020-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of nitrite using dapsone (DAP) with alpha-naphthol and 4-amino-5-hydroxynapthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt (AHNDMS) as chromogenic reagents with maximum absorbance wavelength at 540 and 520 nm respectively. For the method that utiliz...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-007-0115-3
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to develop and test an optimal and cost-effective regional quality monitoring system in depleted transboundary low-temperature Neogene geothermal aquifers in the west Pannonian basin. Potential tracers for identification of seasonal and long-term quality changes of the Pleistocene thermal wate...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-016-5250-2
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is widespread in the Brazilian coast, which has an important role in nutrient cycling. This species reproduces in summer and females carry eggs about a month, when they maintain contact with water and sediments. It remains unclear if trace metals can be absorbed or adsorbed by the egg...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-016-5413-1
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obtaining information about the spatial distribution of desert plants is considered as a serious challenge for ecologists and environmental modeling due to the required intensive field work and infrastructures in harsh and remote arid environments. A new method was applied for assessing the spatial distribution of the...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-015-4403-z
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nowadays, usage of compensatory models in land evaluation process and site selection is broadly observed. Meanwhile, methods such as analytical hierarchy process are used more than the others. Whether the usage of compensatory model methods in site selection studies is essentially correct or not is an issue that shoul...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-1976-z
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed land cover (LC) changes in Kahramanmaraş (K.Maraş) and its environs by using multitemporal Landsat and ASTER imagery, respectively belong to 1989, 2000 and 2004. A priori defined nine land cover classes in the classification scheme were urban and built-up, forest, sparsely vegetated areas, grasslan...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-008-0274-x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Demand forecasting plays a vital role in resource management for governments and private companies. Considering the scarcity of water and its inherent constraints, demand management and forecasting in this domain are critically important. Several soft computing techniques have been developed over the last few decades ...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-017-6030-3
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study highlights the presence of pathogenic strains of microorganisms in two swimming pools, highly frequented in the city of Yaounde. Thus, the water samples from these swimming pools have undergone physicochemical and biological treatments using conventional techniques. Three groups of microorganisms (Bacteria, ...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-020-08829-7
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, general knowledge and some details of the floods in Eastern Black Sea Basin of Turkey are presented. Brief hydro-meteorological analysis of selected nine floods and detailed analysis of the greatest flood are given. In the studied area, 51 big floods have taken place between 1955-2005 years, causing 258...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-012-2592-2
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
