Abstract：
:Freud always defined the primary process metapsychologically, but he described the ways it shows up in dreams, parapraxes, jokes, and symptoms with enough observational detail to make it possible to create an objective, reliable scoring system to measure its manifestations in Rorschach responses, dreams, TAT stories, free associations, and other verbal texts. That system can identify signs of the thinker's efforts, adaptive or maladaptive, to control or defend against the emergence of primary process. A prerequisite and a consequence of the research that used this system was clarification and elaboration of the psychoanalytic theory of thinking. Results of empirical tests of several propositions derived from psychoanalytic theory are summarized. Predictions concerning the method's most useful index, of adaptive vs. maladaptive regression, have been repeatedly verified: People who score high on this index (who are able to produce well-controlled "primary products" in their Rorschach responses), as compared to those who score at the maladaptive pole (producing primary-process-filled responses with poor reality testing, anxiety, and pathological defensive efforts), are better able to tolerate sensory deprivation, are more able to enter special states of consciousness comfortably (drug-induced, hypnotic, etc.), and have higher achievements in artistic creativity, while schizophrenics tend to score at the extreme of maladaptive regression. Capacity for adaptive regression also predicts success in psychotherapy, and rises with the degree of improvement after both psychotherapy and drug treatment. Some predictive failures have been theoretically interesting: Kris's hypothesis about creativity and the controlled use of primary process holds for males but usually not for females. This body of work is presented as a refutation of charges, brought by such critics as Crews, that psychoanalysis cannot become a science.
journal_name
J Am Psychoanal Assocjournal_title
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Associationauthors
Holt RRdoi
10.1177/00030651020500021501subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
457-82issue
2eissn
0003-0651issn
1941-2460journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A type of patient is described, who has marked intolerance of taking responsibility for his internal conflicts so as to confront them, analyze them, and change. Defensive repetition in pathological object relations aims to avoid what is wrong within and to engage another so as to protect oneself. Genetic, dynamic, and...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306518903700404
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both research and clinical work have revealed factors that can lead to the onset and persistence of panic disorder. Preoedipal conflicts intensify the danger of oedipal longings for panic patients. Competition with the same-sex parent is linked with angry preoedipal fantasies and associated fears of disruption in atta...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651990470030401
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mandated use of the couch-whether specifically stated or tacitly communicated by supervisors and colleagues-to fulfill requirements for graduation or certification is a significant disservice to candidates and their patients. In its training standards, it is argued, APsaA and its member institutes should state explici...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065116680079
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of a long-term followup study of the outcome of psychoanalysis, we examined the relation between the extent of resolution of the transference at termination and the characteristics of the patient-analyst match. For twelve of the seventeen patients interviewed five to ten years after termination of psychoanalys...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519003800306
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An attempt is made to place bestophilia in cultural, clinical, and theoretical perspective. Archeological and anthropological documentation and records of the widespread appearance in mythology of this practice are cited. This archaic form of perversion is still practiced in rural environments and isolated communities...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306518603400409
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychoanalysis via telephone is becoming increasingly prevalent while remaining an area of comparatively little study. The author's early telephone treatment of a series of patients living some distance away or engaged in business travel, and his subsequent telephone treatment of nine analytic and five psychotherapy p...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651030510011301
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An overview of current explorations of the influence of gender on the psychoanalytic situation is presented. The topic does not lend itself to simple generalizations because the accumulated experience of several generations of psychoanalysts is now merging with newer views of psychoanalytic technique, while at the sam...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651000480031201
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unforgivability in Euripides' Medea is explored in the context of intrapsychic forces favoring disruption and narcissistic withdrawal and precluding the influence of forces favoring repair of bonds, not necessarily to the betrayer, but to the social and moral order. The forces underlying disruption and withdrawal oper...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651050530021701
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychoanalysts have tended to view the diagnosis of AD/HD either with skepticism or as a contraindication to analytic treatment. The author reviews the history of this puzzling diagnostic entity, which is estimated to account for up to fifty percent of child referrals, and suggests that a psychoanalytic perspective on...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651000480040901
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychoanalytic contributions to the theory of paranoia are reviewed. As a primary problem underlying paranoia, this paper emphasizes the importance of beating fantasy associated with a fragile personality structure rather than the theory of repressed homosexuality. Castration anxiety and homosexual conflict may precip...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306518002800204
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Material is presented from three cases, where analysis of repetitive dreams of feeling embarrassment at being partially or totally naked was an important feature of the treatment. The indifference by the other people in the dream to the dreamer's nakedness was initially linked to perceived transference slights at the ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306518903700106
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A psychosomatic model of dissociation is proposed that addresses the ever adjusting mind-body relation-the constant titration of the quality and degree of the psyche's embeddedness in the sensorial and temporal life of the body. The model highlights the function of hypnoid mechanisms (autohypnosis, distraction, somati...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065120968422
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contrasting perspectives of historical (actual, material) truth as opposed to narrative (intrapsychic) truth in psychoanalytic reconstruction parallel the controversial shift in Freud's thinking from a traumatic theory of neurosogenesis to a greater emphasis on fantasy and psychic reality. Freud and analysts since...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519404200106
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The meaning of the "grist for the mill" metaphor has undergone a shift from "analyzing everything" to "everything is analyzable." This is used as a point of departure for exploring some of the multiple, complicated, and often unrecognized ways reality is used defensively by analyst and analysand. The point of view pre...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519404200305
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasingly frequent clinical reports of the recovery of repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse have drawn both skepticism and support in the analytic community. Two contrasting paradigms are offered to account for the processes by which fully repressed memories are recovered. On the one hand, the analyst's...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Throughout childhood and adolescence, psychological growth proceeds in a sequence of progressive hierarchical organizations. Consequently, children are continuously consolidating existing positions or are in transition from one to another. When analytic treatment is proposed, analysts often find themselves in the posi...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519804600106
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have presented a developmental history and an account of the treatment of an eighteen-month-old boy who had a bamboo phobia. Conceptual problems concerning drive organization, the expression of drive derivatives, and object relations have been explored. The correlation of these with Mahler's separation-individuatio...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306517802600202
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of symbiosis is a powerful one expressing a significant emotional experience for many individuals. However, the concept needs to be differentiated from infant-stage symbiosis, Margaret Mahler's second stage of normal development. The latter idea, according to Pine (2004), was of "central" importance to Mah...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651050530012001
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid advances in medical and biological technologies are changing the ways we are born, live, and die. Biotechnology is pushing us in our notion of what is possible, and tapping into our most primitive omnipotent fantasies. For the most part these new techniques have not yet been integrated into a shared social consc...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651000480042801
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Freud's "Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria" (1905a,b) is well recognized for making psychoanalytic history. In the Dora paper Freud first publicized a new theory of the etiology of neurosis that made fantasy and repression central. And yet the paper also refers to trauma and seduction. What role do they pl...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065109338600
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years there has been a growing interest in refining the technique of ego defense analysis. All of these approaches share in common an attempt to work closely with the patient's free associations, to interpret at a level that is accessible to the patient's consciously observing ego, and to avoid bypassing the...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651970450021201
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years a number of analytic concepts have been subject to scrutiny, with the value of interpretations, the usefulness of abstinence, the possibility of neutrality, all questioned. One reason for the skepticism about interpretations, in particular, is that before a patient can use an interpretation for psychic...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519604400404
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I have described some of the vicissitudes of acquiring insight in both child and adult analysis, giving particular attention to the part played by the ego's synthetic, organizing, or integrating function. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of therapeutic action varies not only with each patient's psychological predilection for utilizing opportunities for change, but also with the manner in which the analyst or therapist presents opportunity for change. Ideally, the therapist bases the latter on personally identifiable theoretical concepts and...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519003800408
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2002 a pilot program was established under the auspices of the American Psychoanalytic Association, with the participation of four of its institutes, to study the feasibility of creating a separate training track in child analysis without the requirement of previous adult analytic training. The program, which ran f...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065109343451
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical material is presented from two patients where hypochondriacal symptoms were seen to be derivatives of unconscious fantasies of being beaten or tortured. The shift along the masochistic axis from these underlying fantasies to the conscious hypochondriacal symptoms is seen as subserving the important defensive ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306518102900303
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Child psychoanalysts have long viewed play as a reflection of children's inner lives and have used the themes children represent in play for diagnostic and therapeutic work. Given the central role children's play has for clinical work, few studies have addressed play empirically. This paper presents a technique for st...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/000306519103900407
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author surveys his work with gay and bisexual men and his evolving clinical understanding, spanning a thirty-five-year period from 1965 to 2000. Four cases are discussed briefly, one from each decade, to illustrate the changing clinical approach, and the following conclusions drawn: (1) sexual orientation and ment...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00030651010490042101
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines how reflective functioning (RF) can be assessed in analytic sessions and throughout psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The goals are to replicate in part a study by Josephs and colleagues (2004) by applying the RF Scale to analytic sessions and to study fluctuations of RF within each session. Additional...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065115591977
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Didactic education in psychoanalytic ethics is a relatively new phenomenon. Ethics courses were offered by few institutes before they were mandated and before publication of the first Ethics Case Book in 2001. As institutes have developed ethics training, the solutions they have arrived at-formats, length and placemen...
journal_title：Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0003065110361250
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
