Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Community physicians in the United States prescribe antibiotics to 80% to 90% of smokers with acute bronchitis. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy of antibiotics for smokers with acute bronchitis. DESIGN:A medline search was done using the keywords bronchitis, cough, and antibiotics to identify English language articles published from January 1966 to September 2001. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antibiotics in previously healthy smokers and nonsmokers with acute bronchitis were included. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:For each study, we abstracted information on design, size, inclusion criteria, patient characteristics, and outcomes. Of 2,029 articles in the original search, 109 relevant articles were retrieved and reviewed. There have been no studies specifically addressing antibiotic use in smokers with acute bronchitis. Nine randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antibiotics have included 774 patients and over 276 smokers. Lack of subgroup reporting for smokers precluded meta-analysis. In 7 trials, smoking status did not predict or alter patients' response to antibiotics. In one trial, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resulted in less-frequent cough overall, but not among smokers. In another trial, erythromycin reduced symptom scores only among nonsmokers while antibiotic-treated smokers had a trend toward higher symptom scores. CONCLUSION:Although no trials have specifically addressed antibiotic use in smokers with acute bronchitis, existing data suggest that any benefit of antibiotics is the same or less for smokers than for nonsmokers.
journal_name
J Gen Intern Medjournal_title
Journal of general internal medicineauthors
Linder JA,Sim Idoi
10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10405.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
230-4issue
3eissn
0884-8734issn
1525-1497pii
jgi10405journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness and costs of alternative management strategies for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who present with pulmonary symptoms. DESIGN:Decision analysis comparing initial testing (arterial blood gas analysis, induced sputum analysis, or bronchoscopy with b...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02598081
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report examines alternative methods of paying for clinical preventive care services. First, the extent of coverage of preventive health care services in public and private health insurance plans is reviewed. Included in this review are Medicare, Medicaid, health maintenance organizations, and private health insur...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02600851
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decision analysis is a tool that clinicians can use to choose an option that maximizes the overall net benefit to a patient. It is an explicit, quantitative, and systematic approach to decision making under conditions of uncertainty. In this article, we present two teaching tips aimed at helping clinical learners unde...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0918-8
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexual dysfunction is an important issue that affects many cancer survivors who are increasingly being cared for by internists. OBJECTIVE:To examine the attitudes and reported practices of internists regarding survivorship care as it pertains to sexual dysfunction. DESIGN:Surveys were sent to 406 physician...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1026-5
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Maintenance of certification examination performance is associated with quality of care. We aimed to examine relationships between electronic medical knowledge resource use, practice characteristics and examination scores among physicians recertifying in internal medicine. METHODS:We conducted a cross-secti...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2017-5
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop and evaluate a web-based curriculum to introduce first year medical students to the knowledge and attitudes necessary for working with limited English proficient (LEP) patients through interpreters. METHOD:Six hundred and forty first year medical students over 4 consecutive years took this curric...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0193.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adverse drug events after hospital discharge are common and often serious. These events may result from provider errors or patient misunderstanding. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of medication reconciliation errors and patient misunderstanding of discharge medications. DESIGN:Prospective cohort stu...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2168-4
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of clinic HIV-focused features and advanced HIV care experience with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis and development of PCP as the initial AIDS diagnosis. DESIGN:Nonconcurrent prospective study. SETTING:New York State Medicaid Program. PARTICIPANTS:Medicaid enrol...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00003.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization. Clinical and socio-demographic factors have been associated with cardiac admissions, but little is known about the role of anxiety. We examined whether symptoms of anxiety were associated with cardiac hospitalizations at 12 months in HF patients. METH...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1843-1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many medical schools have incorporated the Stages of Change Model into their curricula with specific application to tobacco cessation. OBJECTIVE:This study examined the extent to which medical students were prepared to provide stage-based interventions to treat nicotine dependence. DESIGN:Using a quasi-exp...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0040-0
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is inadequate evidence of long-term benefit from opioid medications for chronic pain and substantial evidence of potential harms. For patients, dose reduction may be beneficial when implemented voluntarily and supported by a multidisciplinary team but experts have advised against involuntary opioid red...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06294-z
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to address why the three dominant alternatives to compensating physicians (fee-for-service, capitation, and salary) fall short of what is needed to support enhanced primary care in the patient-centered medical home, and the relevance of such payment reforms as pay-for-performance and episo...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1295-z
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the ability of 3 brief alcohol screens (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], CRAFFT, and CAGE) to identify adolescents and young adults with a current alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to determine whether there are gender-based or race-based differences in screening performance. DESIGN...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40052.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our institution has instituted "short-call" and "nightfloat" systems to reduce the number of admissions to the traditional "long-call" housestaff. However, the nightfloat system introduces increased discontinuity to patient care, and interns may spend less time with short-call patients because they are nor required to...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.012005308.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To observe and evaluate the performance of primary care internal medicine residents within the outpatient clinic milieu. DESIGN:Longitudinal descriptive study. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:48 internal medicine resident encounters with two standardized patients at the University of Wisconsin General Internal Medici...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02599266
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in the general population is controversial. The purpose of this study was to create a versatile model to evaluate the effects of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with different risk profiles. DESIGN:A Mar...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00246.x
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although patients are commonly using the Internet to find healthcare information, the amount of personal and professional physician information and patient-generated ratings freely accessible online is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To characterize the nature of online professional and personal information available to...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1425-7
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotics are often prescribed for hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. The use of procalcitonin (PCT) in the management of pneumonia has safely reduced antibiotic durations, but limited data on the impact of PCT guidance on the management of COPD exacerbat...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4312-2
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using survey items from Kern et al. (1985), 192 former residents rated their preparation in, and the importance of, three content areas of their residency training ("basic skill and knowledge areas," "allied medical disciplines," and "areas related to the practice of medicine"). Mean ratings replicated those reported ...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02597402
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior studies have demonstrated how price transparency lowers the test-ordering rates of trainees in hospitals, and physician-targeted price transparency efforts have been viewed as a promising cost-controlling strategy. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of displaying paid-price information on test-ordering r...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3917-6
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Food insecurity refers to limited or uncertain access to food resulting from inadequate financial resources. There is a clear association between food insecurity and obesity among women, but little is known about the relationship between food insecurity and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether the...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0192-6
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to improve clinical reasoning skills by applying an established theory of memory, cognition, and decision making (fuzzy-trace theory) to instruction in evidence-based medicine. Decision-making tasks concerning chest pain evaluation in women were developed for medical students and internal medicine resident...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.00214.x
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about whether more experience with an electronic health record (EHR) makes it easier for providers to meaningfully use EHRs. OBJECTIVE:To assess whether the length of time that small practice providers have been using the EHR is associated with greater ease in performing meaningful use-relat...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2891-0
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heterogeneity of existing physician burnout studies impairs analyses of longitudinal trends, geographic distribution, and organizational factors impacting physician burnout. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is one of the largest integrated healthcare systems in the USA, offering a unique opportunity t...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05582-7
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite advances in pharmacologic therapy and invasive management strategies for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS), these patients still suffer substantial morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to analyze independent predictors of 1-year ...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0498-4
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community health centers (CHCs) provide primary care for underserved children and adults. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to strengthen the CHC network by increasing federal funds and expanding Medicaid eligibility. The ACA also aimed to boost preventive and mental health services and to red...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05571-w
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The greater the severity of illness of a patient, the more likely the patient will have a poor hospital outcome. However, hospital-wide severity of illness scores that are simple, widely available, and not diagnosis-specific are still needed. Laboratory tests could potentially be used as an alternative to es...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05282-2
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experts suggest an individualized approach to colon cancer screening to take into account variation in older adults' life expectancies and potential to benefit from screening. However, little is known about how physicians make decisions about colon cancer screening in adults age 75 and older. OBJECTIVE:To u...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1006-9
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Process measures of healthcare quality are usually formulated as the number of patients who receive evidence-based treatment (numerator) divided by the number of patients in the target population (denominator). When the systems being evaluated can influence which patients are included in the denominator, it ...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3558-1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) for evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) is growing rapidly, yet questions remain regarding its diagnostic accuracy and its impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. METHODS:A systematic literature revi...
journal_title:Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1556-x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00