Abstract:
:Health reform is currently the predominant health policy issue in the US. It carries profound implications for the pharmaceutical field, including the possibility of price controls that could stifle pharmaceutical research. While policy makers are contemplating alternative approaches to reform, the marketplace for pharmaceuticals has changed dramatically. For example, price increases have lessened, price discounting has increased, and new drugs are typically launched at prices lower than those of the leading product in the therapeutic class. These changes are driven in part by the growth of managed care. Further evidence of change in the industry is the number of job reductions announced and the decline in market valuation of pharmaceutical companies. Policy makers need to take the changed marketplace into consideration as they proceed with health reform, to avoid layering additional policy impediments on top of an increasingly harsh and unforgiving market. Such an approach could seriously compromise incentives for pharmaceutical research.
journal_name
Pharmacoeconomicsjournal_title
PharmacoEconomicsauthors
Meyer PRdoi
10.2165/00019053-199400061-00018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
80-4eissn
1170-7690issn
1179-2027journal_volume
6 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Economic analysis of healthcare interventions is increasingly reliant on decision models to estimate the long-term costs and benefits of new therapies. Models permit analysts to take short-term clinical data to forecast long-term costs and benefits. Models should follow certain basic principles and can be appraised in...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200220001-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The COUGAR-02 trial recently showed survival and quality-of-life benefits of docetaxel and active symptom control (DXL + ASC) over active symptom control (ASC) alone in patients with refractory oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. AIM:The aim of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation conforming to Nat...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-015-0324-5
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To decompose drug spending in Sweden between the years 1990 and 2000. This paper updates a previous study, which looked at the period 1990-1995, by providing an additional 5 years of data (1995-2000) and extending the previous analysis in a number of ways. METHODS:The paper builds on the earlier work that sh...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422010-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study provides the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of levetiracetam as an adjunctive treatment for refractory epilepsy from the Canadian Ministry of Health perspective. The main objective is to estimate the expected cost-effectiveness ratio expressed as the incremental cost per seizure-free day...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200523050-00008
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are regularly used in health economics to elicit preferences for healthcare products and programmes. There is growing recognition that DCEs can provide more than information on preferences and, in particular, they have the potential to contribute more directly to outcome measurement ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200826080-00004
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of pricing and trade for in-patent medicines within the European pharmaceutical sector presents a major challenge. In conditions of large sunk costs and consumers with differential willingness to pay--between different Member States--an efficient way of pricing in-patent medicines is through price discr...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200018001-00008
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has been increasingly used in preterm infants in the last 3 to 4 years. Recent studies have indicated a reduction in blood transfusion requirements in infants receiving rHuEpo. No significant adverse effects have emerged, apart from iron deficiency (if iron supplementation is ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712040-00002
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the costs of treatment of, and quality of life in, patients with antineoplastic therapy-induced neutropenic fever who were treated with antibacterials, with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Patients with haematological malignancies (n = 47) or solid tumours (n =...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712030-00007
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of its single technology appraisal (STA) process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer of vedolizumab (Takeda UK) to submit evidence of the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of vedolizumab for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe active ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-015-0334-3
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Productivity costs are frequently omitted from economic evaluations, despite their often strong impact on cost-effectiveness outcomes. This neglect may be partly explained by the lack of standardization regarding the methodology of estimating productivity costs. This paper aims to contribute to standardization of prod...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0132-3
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Cyclosporin microemulsion (Neoral) is a self-emulsifying preconcentrate of cyclosporin which is more rapidly and consistently absorbed than the original oil-based formulation of cyclosporin (standard formulation; Sandimmun, Sandimmune). This superior pharmacokinetic profile suggests that cyclosporin microemu...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199814060-00009
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this article was to summarize the findings of all the available studies on alternative pharmacological treatments for asthma and assess their methodological quality, as well as to identify the main drivers of the cost effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for the disease. METHODS:A sys...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-018-0668-8
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of cost-effectiveness methodology is particularly important in widespread diseases such as hypertension. However, because prospective cost-effectiveness analyses comparing different antihypertensive drugs are not currently available, differences in the cost effectiveness of these drugs can only be esti...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199508060-00006
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:National EQ-5D value sets are developed because preferences for health may vary in different populations. UK values are lower than US values for most of the 243 possible EQ-5D health states. Although similar protocols were used for data collection, analytic choices regarding how to model values from the coll...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11595420-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, the most important issue in US pharmaceutical policy is probably cost containment. Research into pharmaceutical issues should therefore concentrate on this area. Analysis of changing trends in pharmaceutical expenditures, particularly during the early 1990s, would be a useful starting point. Research into t...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199600102-00019
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The progressive disability of Parkinson's disease results in substantial burdens for patients, their families and society in terms of increased health resource use, poorer quality of life, caregiver burden, disrupted family relationships, decreases in social and leisure activities, deteriorating emotional well-being, ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200119070-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Constipation is one of the most common digestive complaints. It is a symptom, not a disease. The subjectivity that this involves means that assessments of clinical epidemiology, socioeconomic costs and pharmacotherapy are difficult, since there is no definition of 'normal' bowel habit. Although constipation can affect...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199507010-00003
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have shown that the combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) for patients with asthma is more effective than the use of ICS alone in equivalent or higher doses, as well as the use of other combinations. However, the relatively higher acquisit...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200624100-00005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an inevitable tension between robust reimbursement processes and providing speedy access to new and novel technologies, given uncertainties about key pieces of evidence and subsequent concerns regarding their overall efficiency. The public perception of these treatments as 'breakthrough', combined with substa...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11530850-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the economic efficiency of meloxicam, a cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitor, versus diclofenac and piroxicam in the UK for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis and the impact on the NHS budget of substituting nonselective NSAIDs with meloxicam. Methods and perspective: A decision an...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321060-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to economic outcomes associated with treating allergic rhinitis. A literature review was conducted using 'Medline' and the in-house database of the publishers of this journal for articles published between January 1991 and January 1996. Only 3 cost-outcom...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199610010-00002
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To determine the economic impact (cost-benefit analysis) of childhood varicella vaccination, with the Oka/Merck varicella zoster virus vaccine live (Varivax) in Italy. METHODS:This analysis is based on an epidemiological model of varicella zoster virus (VZV) dynamics adapted to the Italian situation. Cost data (Eu...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422130-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This analysis compared the cost effectiveness of adding ezetimibe to atorvastatin therapy versus atorvastatin titration or adding cholestyramine (a resin) for patients at high risk of a coronary artery disease (CAD) event who did not reach target cholesterol levels on their current atorvastatin dosage. The...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200624080-00007
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to identify, among the information routinely collected on patients in intensive care units (ICUs), data that determine the total cost for a given patient. DESIGN:We developed a model that could help physicians in medical ICUs to estimate the cost of care for their patients when no cost data...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199915060-00005
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate savings in the cost of caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of treatment with rivastigmine. An intermediate objective was to estimate the relationship between disease progression and institutionalisation. DESIGN AND SETTING:We assessed the relation...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200017040-00005
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly are a heterogeneous population group who range from well and completely independent individuals to a smaller proportion who are frail, require help and are high users of the healthcare system. Since health is a state of well-being which includes the domains of social, spiritual, psychological and physical ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712050-00004
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of using epoetin-alpha (erythropoietin) to augment preoperative autologous donation (PAD) of blood prior to elective cardiac surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING:We designed a decision-analytic model incorporating the risk of receiving allogeneic blood,...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200018020-00006
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Patients with cancer-associated neutropenia are at high risk of developing severe infections which can be fatal if treatment is not promptly administered. For this reason, fever is treated as soon as possible with broad spectrum antibacterial therapy. The objective of this study was to conduct a cost analysis...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199915010-00006
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the cost utility of adding interferon-alpha 2b to conventional treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. It also provides a methodology for transforming complex quality-of-life profiles into a single index value on the conventional 0 to 1 quality-adjusted life-year scale (QALY). From 1990 to 19...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712010-00009
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health economic evaluation is a framework for the comparative analysis of the incremental health gains and costs associated with competing decision alternatives. The process of developing health economic models is usually complex, financially expensive and time-consuming. For these reasons, model development is someti...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0553-x
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00