Abstract:
:These studies were designed to demonstrate that the usual method of laryngeal dissection carries a significant risk of overlooking important laryngeal injuries. Formalin-fixed hyoid-larynx complexes were prepared in a prospective forensic study involving 191 cases of homicidal strangulation, 1984 to 1997. The basic steps of the applied method included: complete resection of the thyroid cartilage, a horizontal incision through the cricoid cartilage before opening the larynx dorsally, inspection of the laryngeal joints, and incisions of the laryngeal muscles. Using this procedure allowed us to detect the following injuries, which otherwise would have been destroyed or overlooked: (a) 17 incomplete fractures restricted to the dorsal surfaces of the thyroid laminae and 10 incomplete or non-dislocated fractures of the cricoid cartilage. In 7 cases, such a "hidden" fracture was the only laryngeal injury resulting from neck compression. (b) Extensive laryngeal muscle hemorrhages, especially of the vocal folds, were found in almost half of all cases, more rarely in strangulation by ligature and more frequently in manual strangulation. Gross hemorrhages were the decisive local laryngeal finding in 19 cases. (c) Laryngeal joint injuries (bleedings) were found in 18% to 52% of the different strangulation types. (d) Hemorrhages of the laryngeal mucosa were common findings that occur in about 60% of all cases; only in rare cases do such bleedings have a special diagnostic value. The quantity and significance of findings obtainable from complete preparation clearly document Camps's demand made in 1976 to dispense with the usual laryngeal dissection technique (dorsal scissor incision through the cricoid cartilage), at least in (questionable) strangulation cases.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
Maxeiner Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-07-01 00:00:00pages
784-91issue
4eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Experiments were performed to determine the extent of cross-contamination of DNA resulting from secondary transfer due to fingerprint brushes used on multiple items of evidence. Analysis of both standard and low copy number (LCN) STR was performed. Two different procedures were used to enhance sensitivity, post-PCR cl...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12911
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 15 years, the US Supreme Court has implemented major changes concerning the admittance of expert testimony. In 1993, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals superseded the Frye ruling in federal courts and established judges, not the scientific community, as the gatekeepers regarding the credibility of scie...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00771.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated deliberate self-harm (DSH) in young inmates. The objectives are twofold: first, to identify the social and clinical characteristics of inmates who commit DSH; and secondly, to ascertain the types of personality who are vulnerable in order to be able to predict future inmates who may harm themse...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Child abuse pediatricians often carry the stigma that their sole role is to diagnose maltreatment. In reality, child abuse pediatricians use their clinical experience and current evidence-based medicine to make the best medical diagnoses for the children they evaluate. To better understand the legal conclusion of susp...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14463
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have examined life history and cognitive characteristics unique to female homicide offenders. Understanding these characteristics could aid in risk assessment for extreme violence in this group of offenders. The current study utilized t-tests or chi-square tests to compare 27 female and 81 male homicide of...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13911
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies for six PCR-based loci and three protein-based (i.e., enzyme systems) loci were determined in a Caucasian sample population from New Jersey. The loci are LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, Gc, HLA-DQA1, PGM1, ESD, and EAP. All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, there is little evidence for ass...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the reliability of Widmark calculations, based on breath ethanol reading (BrACs), for estimating the amount of alcohol consumed. A standard ethanol dose (males 0.51 g/kg; females 0.43 g/kg) was given to 115 college seniors, and BrACs were measured for two hours. Calculations of ethanol dose were p...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive, specific and simple color test for the improvised explosive urea nitrate is described. It is based on the formation of a red pigment upon the reaction between urea nitrate and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (p-DMAC) under neutral conditions. Urea itself, which is the starting material for urea nitrate, doe...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stability of five commonly prescribed barbiturates and thiopental in blood and liver at room temperature and at 4 degrees C was studied. Gas chromatography was used for oxybarbiturate analysis while liquid chromatography was used to quantitate thiopental. In blood and liver, greater than 75% of the drugs were dete...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since patients with post-traumatic, neurologic, movement disorders often seek legal counsel and become involved in litigation, we used this group of disorders as a model for testing the hypothesis that an interaction with the legal system may influence its outcome. We reviewed 100 consecutive medical records of patien...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the use of a surgically implanted device, an EBI osteostimulator, as a means of establishing the identification of a homicide victim. The use of such an appliance for securing positive identification has not been previously reported. Additionally we stress the importance of intensive and accurate excavati...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cleaning procedure for seriously weathered or corroded bullets and cartridge casings was developed and implemented for evidence specimens from a multiple homicide. The restoration protocol entailed successive treatments with increasingly aggressive chemical solvents and cleaning solutions while monitoring the progre...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using high sensitivity forensic STR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing procedures, we have found low concentrations of DNA contamination in plasticware and water assumed to be sterile, which is not detected by standard DNA procedures. One technique commonly used to eliminate the presence of DNA is ultraviolet (UV)...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00172.x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective study, eleven adult parricidal forensic cases from Southern California are presented. Each case involves the murder of both parents and was referred for forensic evaluation. Common characteristics among the eleven cases are presented. Two case examples illustrate features of recognized adult parrici...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The volume of bloodstains found on crime scenes may help forensic investigators reconstruct the location and kinematics of bloodletting events, as stain size, volume, and impact velocity are related. Optical coherence tomography was used as a method to determine the volume and volume ratio of dried and fresh bloodstai...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12272
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present in this work a study about biochemical changes of the synovial liquid in 100 corpses with regard to the cause of death. The results obtained in the different groups of causes of death show that the biochemical parameters were modified postmortem although we think that this modification is related more direc...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thromboemboli were found diffusely throughout the pulmonary vasculature system of a 76-year-old white female who died unexpectedly 3 days following injury and repair of a left hip intracapsular fracture. A diffuse chronic nonspecific myocarditis with marked fat atrophy, an acute myocardial infarct of the posterior lef...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A basilar skull fracture that extends along both petrous bones is generally considered to be a response to impacts to the lateral aspects of the head. This generalization is not warranted as such a fracture often results from impacts to any point around the base of the skull or to the chin. These facts were appreciate...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Separation of male and female soft tissue depths into discrete groups for craniofacial identification implies that males and females differ enough from each other, with respect to this application, for this distinction to be useful. In this study, previously published soft tissue depth data were analyzed for sex separ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Handwriting of children in early grades is studied from the viewpoint of quantitatively measuring the development of handwriting individuality. Handwriting samples of children, in grades 2-4, writing a paragraph of text in both handprinted and cursive, collected over a period of 3 years, were analyzed using two differ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13158
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured in common vitreous humor samples using a variety of instruments. There was found to be variation in values obtained by the different procedures for each of these constituents. The variation in electrolyte values between the different procedures can ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparing skeletal structures between antemortem and postmortem chest radiographs is widely used by forensic specialists from many disciplines to positively identify unknown decedents. However, validity assessments of this method have been fairly limited. This study had three objectives: 1) to quantify the reliability...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Detection of ketamine exposure in skeletal tissues by automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) is described. Rats (n = 18) received 0, 15, 30, or 75 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride acutely (i.p.), and were euthanized within 15 min or 1 h. Ketamine...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00866.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fetal skeletal elements of different gestational ages were screened with multiple mesh sizes (6.4 mm [1/4 inch], 3.2 mm [1/8 inch], 2.0 mm, and 1.0 mm) to determine their recovery rates. All remains were previously macerated, and no significantly damaged elements were used. The 6.4 mm mesh allowed a large loss o...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12922
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatalities related to sporting events are predominantly caused by blunt force injuries especially due to the emotional involvement of crowd, but occasionally other types of trauma are reported as well. A case of very rare trauma caused by shooting with a hand-held parachute signal rocket during a football match is pre...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00791.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a 48-year-old woman accused of killing at least 12 elderly women and attempting to kill another one during the last 3 years is presented. Extensive neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuropsychiatric testing showed no evidence of a DSM-IV-TR Axis I diagnosis, but a decrease in executive function...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00803.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The successful identification of human skeletal remains relies on proven diagnostic techniques for sex determination. This research utilized 608 individuals from South Africa (420 men, 188 women) to conduct a blind nonmetric determination of sex from three features of the distal humerus: olecranon fossa shape, angle o...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01724.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opium is the raw material for the production of heroin, and the characterization of opium seizures through laboratory analysis is a valuable tool for law enforcement agencies to trace clandestine opium production and trafficking. In this work, a method for opium profiling based on the relative content of five principa...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13190
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of data collection procedures and forms used in various death investigation offices, we developed generic death investigation report forms (DIRFs). One form was designed for documenting information collected by the initial investigator of death, and another form was designed for documenting information co...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elemental composition of 85 cannabis samples was established using GF AAS and ICP OES methods. The robustness of the method was determined by analyzing eight independently prepared replicates from a single cannabis plant. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing four plant certified reference material s...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01772.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00