Abstract:
:Peak expiratory flow rate, adverse effects and serum theophylline concentration were measured during treatment of episodes of severe airways obstruction. 174 patients were randomised to target theophylline concentrations of 10 mg/L or 20 mg/L. The recovery of peak flow rate towards normal values was explicable in terms of time and theophylline concentration using semiparametric and parametric nonlinear regression models. In the absence of theophylline, recovery takes place with a half-time of 16 hours. Theophylline is less effective in achieving recovery than the passage of time but achieves 50% of possible recovery at a concentration of 11 mg/L. The action of theophylline is most marked at the start of treatment. It may no longer have important beneficial effects after 72 hours. The incidence of adverse effects increased at theophylline concentrations > 20 mg/L.
journal_name
Clin Pharmacokinetjournal_title
Clinical pharmacokineticsauthors
Holford N,Hashimoto Y,Sheiner LBdoi
10.2165/00003088-199325060-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-12-01 00:00:00pages
506-15issue
6eissn
0312-5963issn
1179-1926journal_volume
25pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is currently the standard treatment for patients with Gaucher disease type I (GD1), but the pharmacokinetics have hardly been studied. This study aimed to quantify in vivo enzyme activity in peripheral leukocytes from patients receiving long-term treatment with imiglucerase o...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0387-2
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although activity of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYPs) plays a major role in the fate of anticancer agents in patients, there are relatively few clinical studies that evaluate drug metabolism with therapeutic outcome. Nevertheless, many clinical reports in various non-oncology fields have shown the dramatic importance...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200544040-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1970, and introduction into clinical practice in 1978, cyclosporin has become the most important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection. This has been achieved by virtue of the improved graft survival rates and adverse effect profiles in patients when compared with tha...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199732050-00002
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bitopertin (RG1678) is a glycine reuptake inhibitor currently in phase 3 trials for treatment of schizophrenia. This paper describes the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and preclinical data to gain insights into and predict bitopertin clinical pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Simulati...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0061-x
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the aging population and its rapidly increasing prevalence, dementia has become an important public health concern in developed and developing countries. To date, the pharmacological treatment is symptomatic and based on the observed neurotransmitter disturbances. The four most commonly used drugs are donepezil, ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0038-9
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::All of the commonly used anticonvulsants drugs, except possibly primidone, are cleared from the human body mainly by metabolism. The metabolites of phenytoin, phenobarbital and ethosuximide have so far not been shown to possess significant pharmacological activity. However, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, derived from ca...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199121010-00003
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone furoate is in development, in combination with the long-acting beta2-agonist vilanterol for the once-daily treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and as a monotherapy treatment for asthma. Corticosteroids, including ICSs, have the potentia...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0078-1
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aminoglycosides are important antibacterial agents for the treatment of serious infection. Evidence suggests that high peak plasma concentrations must be achieved early in the course of treatment if these agents are to be effective, but prolonged high concentrations may cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Peak plasm...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199427010-00004
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety profile of any pharmacological agent is defined on the basis of its toxicity, tolerability and potential for pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions with other compounds, which may belong to the same or to a different pharmacological class. Drug-drug interactions are important in clinical practi...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199835020-00003
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs. Vancomycin and the aminoglycosides are the only antibacterials that have been extensively investigated in the obese population. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and total body clearance of vancomycin a...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200038050-00003
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetic parameters of third generation cephalosporins vary widely, requiring different dosage regimens and adjustment methods for each agent. Although their antibacterial spectrum favours their usage in infections caused by aerobic Gram-negative organisms, due to their limited post-antibiotic effect against th...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199222020-00004
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1989 there has been an exponential introduction of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) into clinical practice and these include eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, pregabalin, retigabine (ezogabine), rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, top...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0087-0
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modifications to bodily functions and physiology are known to occur with age. These changes can have a considerable impact on the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and the pharmacodynamic properties of administered drugs. For many drugs with a high therapeutic index, this ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200342140-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dosage adjustments can be difficult and time-consuming, especially for the non-specialist. The objective of this investigation was to obtain shortcut formulae to calculate dosage adjustments for (i) a drug obeying linear pharmacokinetics (i.e. first order) and given orally, by a continuous infusion or by an intermitte...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11313460-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful tool used to characterize maturational changes in drug disposition to inform dosing across childhood; however, its use is limited in pediatric drug development. Access to pediatric pharmacokinetic data is a barrier to widespread application of this mo...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0525-5
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin with intravenous cetuximab has safely achieved prolonged survival in colorectal cancer patients with extensive liver metastases and prior treatment. Systemic exposure to the drugs or their main metabolites was determined dur...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0431-2
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Peripherally acting opioids, particularly peripheral κ-opioid agonists, may be effective for treating visceral pain by activating receptors expressed on afferent nerves within the gut. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of a novel peripherall...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-012-0023-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes the pharmacokinetics of the major drugs used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. This information can be helpful for the selection of a particular agent and offers guidance for effective and well tolerated regimens. The corticosteroids have a short elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200140100-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isoenzymes which catalyse the polymorphic hydroxylations of debrisoquine/sparteine and S-mephenytoin are cytochromes P450 2D6 and P450 2C19 (CYP2D6 and CYP2C19), respectively. CYP2D6 is involved in the stereospecific metabolism of several important groups of drugs, for example antiarrhythmics, antidepressants and ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199529030-00005
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::20 routine patients with endogenous depression were investigated in a kinetic and 4 week treatment study. Steady-state plasma nortriptyline concentrations above 200 microgram/L were associated with a highly significant poorer therapeutic outcome. The correlations between the 24, 48 and 72 hour concentrations and stead...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-197904020-00005
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warfarin, like all the 4-hydroxycoumarin compounds, has an asymmetric carbon atom. The clinically available warfarin preparations consist of a racemic mixture of equal amounts of 2 distinct S and R isomers, the former being 4-times more potent as anticoagulant and more susceptible to drug interaction. Warfarin is high...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199630040-00003
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Routine use of therapeutic drug monitoring in children is helpful in individualizing the dosage during long term treatment (e.g. theophylline and antiepileptic drugs) and in checking against toxic accumulation of drug in neonates (e.g. digoxin, theophylline/caffeine and aminoglycoside antibiotics). In individual patie...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198900171-00003
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The imatinib trough plasma concentration (C(min)) correlates with clinical response in cancer patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of plasma C(min) is therefore suggested. In practice, however, blood sampling for TDM is often not performed at trough. The corresponding measurement is thus only remotely...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11596990-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thienopyridines are inactive prodrugs that are converted in vivo to active metabolites, which irreversibly bind to and inactivate platelet P2Y(12) receptors, and inhibit platelet activation and aggregation. Prasugrel is a third-generation thienopyridine, recently approved for prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular co...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11537820-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The likelihood of detecting a therapeutic signal of an effective drug for schizophrenia is impeded by a high placebo effect and by high dropout of patients. Several unsuccessful trials of schizophrenia, at least partly due to highly variable placebo effects, have indicated the necessity for a ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11598460-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antipyrine pharmacokinetics were studied in 6 healthy women before and 2, 8 and 12 weeks after administering the injectable progestagen (progestin), norethisterone (norethindrone) enanthate 200mg intramuscularly. Additionally, antipyrine kinetics in 5 women who had previously used the injectable contraceptive for 8 to...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-198611020-00007
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A prospective pharmacokinetic study was performed in Caucasian patients from an intensive care unit with respiratory support to evaluate the influence of this circumstance on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of levofloxacin. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A standard dosage regimen of 500 mg/day was administered to nine C...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200544060-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review examines the literature on drug interactions with omeprazole. Different mechanisms have been proposed as potential causes for such interactions. First, the absorption of some drugs might be altered due to the decreased intragastric acidity resulting from omeprazole treatment. There was no effect of omepraz...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199121030-00004
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people, mainly living in developing countries. For most of these NTDs, treatment is suboptimal. To optimize treatment regimens, clinical pharmacokinetic studies are required where they have not been previously conducted to enable the use of ph...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0467-3
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reduction in plasma albumin concentration, as seen in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, is usually associated with a decrease in plasma protein binding of highly bound drugs. Therefore, the fraction of the unbound drug increases, but the absolute free concentration remains essentially unchanged due to a compensa...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-197601010-00003
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00